Eli nqaku linikezelwe kuhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lwamaqumrhu anengqiqo kumsebenzi wefilosofi yaseJamani uGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel "iSayensi yeNzululwazi" kunye ne-analogues yabo okanye ukungabikho kwabo kwiprogram.

Amaqumrhu asuka kwiNzululwazi yeNgcaciso abhalwe akekeleyo ukunqanda ukubhideka kunye neenkcazelo ezamkelwa ngokubanzi zala magama.

Ubunyulu

Ukuba uvula inkcazelo umntu onyulu kwincwadi, uya kubona umgca onomdla "ngaphandle kwengcaciso engaphezulu". Kodwa kwabo bangafundanga okanye abangayiqondiyo, musa ukukhawuleza ukumangalela umbhali wengqondo. Ubunyulu - le ngcamango esisiseko kwi-logic ye-Hegel, oku kuthetha ukuba into ethile ikhona, nceda ungayidibanisi kunye nobukho bento, into ayinakho ngokwenene, kodwa ukuba sichaze ngandlela-thile kwingqiqo yethu, ikhona. Ukuba ucinga ngayo, kukho ngokwenene izinto ezifana umntu onyulu akunakwenzeka ukunika ingcaciso, kwaye naziphi na iinzame ezinje ziyakwehla kwinto yokuba uyakubhekisa kwizithethantonye zayo okanye izichasi. Ubunyulu ingqikelelo enjalo engabonakaliyo enokuthi isetyenziswe kuyo nantoni na, kuquka ngokwayo. Kwezinye iilwimi ezijoliswe kwizinto, kunokwenzeka ukumela nantoni na njengento, kubandakanywa nokusebenza kwizinto, ezithi ngokomgaqo usinika umgangatho onjalo wokuthatha. Nangona kunjalo, kwiprogram ye-analogue ngqo umntu onyulu Hayi. Ukujonga ubukho bento, kufuneka sijonge ukungabikho kwayo.

if(obj != null);

Kuyamangalisa ukuba iswekile ye-syntactic enjalo ayikabikho, ngenxa yokuba le tshekhi ithandwa kakhulu.

Akukho nto

Ungaqikelela njani nto kukungabikho kwayo nantoni na. Kwaye i-analogue yayo inokubizwa ngokuba yi-NULL. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwisayensi yengqiqo nto kuyinto umntu onyulu, kuba likwakho. Le nto incinci yokubambisa; asikwazi ukufikelela kwi-NULL njengento nakulo naluphi na ulwimi, nangona enyanisweni ikwanye.

Ukuqulunqwa kunye namaxesha

Ukuba lutshintsho ukusuka nto в ukuba kwaye ukusuka ukuba в nto. Oko kusinika ezimbini umzuzu, eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuba ukuvela, kunye neyesibini ukudlula. Ipaseji kubizwa njalo endaweni yokunyamalala, kuba undoqo osengqiqweni awunakunyamalala ngaphandle kokuba siwulibele. Ukurhoxiswa ngoko ke sinokubiza inkqubo yesabelo. Ukuba into yethu iqalisiwe, ngoko umzuzu wokwenzeka, kwaye kwimeko yokunika elinye ixabiso okanye NULL umzuzu wokudlula.

obj = new object(); //возникновение
obj = null; //прехождение

Ubukho

Kufuphi ubukho yinto engenangcaciso ecacileyo, kodwa ine isiqinisekiso. Ingaba ithetha ntoni. Umzekelo we-canonical sisitulo esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba uzama ukunika inkcazo ecacileyo, uya kuhlangabezana nobunzima obuninzi. Ngokomzekelo, uthi: "le yifenitshala eyenzelwe ukuhlala," kodwa isihlalo siphinde senzelwe oku, njl. Kodwa ukunqongophala kwenkcazo ecacileyo akusithinteli ukuba siyigqamise esikhaleni kwaye siyisebenzise xa sihambisa ulwazi malunga nayo, oku kungenxa yokuba entloko yethu kukho. isiqinisekiso isitulo. Mhlawumbi abanye sele beqikelele ukuba iinethiwekhi ze-neural zenzelwe ukwahlula izinto ezinjalo kumsinga wedatha. Inethiwekhi ye-neural inokuchazwa njengomsebenzi ochaza oku isiqinisekiso, kodwa akukho ntlobo zezinto ezinokubandakanya iinkcazo ezicacileyo kunye nezingaqondakaliyo, ngoko ke izinto ezinjalo azikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwinqanaba elifanayo lokuthatha.

Umthetho wotshintsho lobungakanani benguqu ukuya kwezobunjani

Lo mthetho waqulunqwa nguFriedrich Engels ngenxa yokutolikwa kwengqiqo kaHegel. Noko ke, inokubonwa ngokucacileyo kumqulu wokuqala wesahluko esiqhubeka umlinganiselo. Undoqo wayo kukuba ubungakanani utshintsho kwinto lunokuyichaphazela mgangatho. Umzekelo, sinezinto zomkhenkce; kunye nokuqokelelwa kobushushu, iya kujika ibe ngamanzi angamanzi kwaye iyitshintshe iimpawu. Ukuphumeza oku kuziphatha kwinto, kukho ipateni yoyilo lukaRhulumente. Ukuvela kwesisombululo esinjalo kubangelwa ukungabikho kwiprogram yento enjalo isiseko kuba ukuvela into. SeSiseko inquma iimeko apho into inokuvela khona, kwaye kwi-algorithm thina ngokwethu sithatha isigqibo malunga nokuba yiyiphi inqanaba ekufuneka siqalise ngayo into.

PS: Ukuba olu lwazi lunomdla, ndiya kuphonononga amanye amaqumrhu kwiSayensi yeLogic.

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