Awudingi yunivesithi, uya kwisikolo sobugcisa?

Eli nqaku liyimpendulo kupapasho «Yintoni ephosakeleyo ngemfundo ye-IT eRashiya?«, okanye kunoko, kungekhona nakwinqaku ngokwalo, kodwa ngamanye amagqabaza kulo neengcamango ezivakaliswe kuwo.

Ngoku ndiza kubonisa, mhlawumbi, imbono engathandwa kakhulu apha kuHabré, kodwa andinakuzibamba kodwa ndiyiveze. Ndivumelana nombhali wenqaku, kwaye ndicinga ukuba ngeendlela ezininzi unyanisile. Kodwa ndinemibuzo emininzi kunye nenkcaso kwindlela “yokuba ngumphuhlisi oqhelekileyo, awudingi kufunda eyunivesithi, eli linqanaba lesikolo sokufundela umsebenzi,” elikhuthazwa ngabaninzi apha.

Okokuqala

... okokuqala, makhe sicinge ukuba oku kuyinyani ngenene, iyunivesiti ibonelela ngolwazi olusisiseko lokuzibandakanya kwisayensi kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ezingekho mgangathweni, kwaye wonke umntu ufuna isikolo sobugcisa/isikolo sobugcisa, apho baya kufundiswa iziseko zobugcisa. kunye nezixhobo ezidumileyo. Kodwa... kukho enye KODWA apha... Ngokuchanekileyo, no-3 “BUTs”:

- isimo sengqondo kubantu abangenamfundo ephakamileyo kuluntu: ukuba unemfundo yamabanga aphakamileyo okanye ekhethekileyo, ngoko ulahlekile, kwaye mhlawumbi unxila kunye neziyobisi. Zonke iintlobo zeentetho ezidumileyo malunga "ukuba awufundanga, ungumsebenzi" zivela apho.

(iziphumo zophendlo lomfanekiso wombuzo "umgcini weentaka" ubonakala ngathi uyacebisa)

Ububhanxa, enyanisweni, kodwa ngokuqwalasela ukuba abaninzi abaneminyaka eyi-17 bakhetha indlela yabo kule minyaka phantsi koxinzelelo olunamandla oluvela kubazali kunye nezalamane zeSoviet kunye ne-post-Soviet, oku kufanelekileyo.

- Ukuze abaqeshi baphumelele ukuxazulula iingxaki zabo zoshishino, umntu ovela kwisikolo sobugcisa / isikolo sobugcisa kwanele, kodwa kwangaxeshanye bafuna idiploma yemfundo ephakamileyo. Ngokukodwa ukuba akusiyo inkampani ye-IT emsulwa, kodwa into enxulumene (njengenkampani yobunjineli, i-arhente karhulumente, njl.) Ewe, kukho inkqubela phambili, ezininzi iinkampani ze-IT ezaneleyo neziqhubela phambili aziyifuni, kodwa xa kwisixeko sakho esincinci apho. ingakumbi Ukuba akukho nkampani ezaneleyo kunye nenkqubela phambili, okanye akulula kangako ukungena kuzo, ngoko ukuze ufike naphi na kwaye ufumane amava okuqala, idiploma inokufuneka.

— Iingxaki zetrektara ezivela kumhlathi ongaphambili. Ufuna ukuya kusebenza kwelinye ilizwe, sele unesipho esivela kumqeshi olungele ukukuqesha ngomvuzo olungileyo (kwaye ulwazi lwakho olusetyenzisiweyo olusuka kwisikolo sokufundela umsebenzi lwanele kuye), kodwa umthetho wokufuduka wabaninzi. amazwe (afana nenkqubo yamakhadi aluhlaza yaseYurophu) yomelele kakhulu yenza le ndlela ibe nzima kubantu abangenayo idiploma yemfundo ephakamileyo.
Yintoni esinayo ngenxa yoko: isikolo sobugcisa / imfundo yezobugcisa yanele umsebenzi, kodwa idiploma yemfundo ephakamileyo isafuneka ebomini. Ngelo xesha, ulwazi olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nolwazi olusebenzayo aluyi kunikwa eyunivesithi, njengoko kuchazwe kakuhle kweli nqaku, kwaye kwisikolo sobugcisa abayi kukunika idiploma yeyunivesithi. Isangqa esikhohlakeleyo.

Okwesibini…

Masiqhubele phambili, inqaku lesibini, sicacisa ukuba iingxaki kwinqanaba lokuqala zivela phi.
"Uya kufundiswa ulwazi olusebenzayo kunye nolwazi olusebenzayo kwisikolo sobugcisa / kwisikolo sobugcisa, kwaye eyunivesithi uya kuba nesiseko esisisiseko semisebenzi entsonkothileyo nengekho semgangathweni" - eli lihlabathi elifanelekileyo, kodwa thina, yeha, siphila enye engafanelekanga. Zingaphi izikolo zemisebenzi yezandla okanye izikolo zobugcisa ozaziyo apho ngokwenene ziqeqesha khona, umzekelo, i-front-end, i-back-end okanye abaphuhlisi beselula ukusuka ekuqaleni, ukubanika lonke ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nemfuno kwixesha lethu? Ukuze umphumo ube ngumfana onamandla, ulungele ukusebenza kwiiprojekthi zangempela? Mhlawumbi, ewe, kukho, kodwa mhlawumbi bambalwa kakhulu, andazi namnye. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kakuhle kakhulu ngezifundo ezivela kumaziko ahlukeneyo emfundo ngokusebenzisana neenkampani eziphambili zeteknoloji, kodwa ezo zikhululekile, kunye ne-scholarship kunye nengqesho elandelayo, zihlala zinzima kakhulu ukungena kwaye inani leendawo apho lincinci kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zingabiza kakhulu.

Kwaye ngezikolo zobugcisa kunye neekholeji, yeha, yonke into imbi. Mhlawumbi oku kusisiphumo sokuthotywa jikelele kwenkqubo yemfundo kweli lizwe (uhlaziyo oluthandabuzekayo, imivuzo ephantsi, urhwaphilizo, njl.njl.) kunye neengxaki kwezoqoqosho kunye noshishino (iifektri ezisilelayo kunye nokunciphisa imveliso), kodwa inyaniso kukuba kwi ekupheleni, kwizikolo zobugcisa kunye nezikolo zobugcisa kule mihla zizinyaswe abo baphumelele Exam Umanyano State kakubi kakhulu, abantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezihlelelekileyo, njl., kunye nemfundo kukho kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, abaqeshi ababoni kakhulu. Ixabiso kubafundi abaphumelele kwizikolo zobugcisa kunye nezikolo zobugcisa (kakuhle, ngaphandle kobugcisa obusebenzayo), kodwa kwangaxeshanye bakholelwa ukuba ukuba umntu uphumelele eyunivesithi (ingakumbi isiqingatha esinesidima), akakabi sisidenge esipheleleyo. , kwaye kukho into ayaziyo. Ke ngoko, bobabini abafundi kunye nabaqeshi basenethemba lokuba emva kokuphumelela isidanga siya kuba nolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nolufunwayo, kodwa iyunivesiti ayiwufezi lo msebenzi, nto leyo ibithetha ngalo elo nqaku.

Ewe, okwesithathu.

Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene iyunivesiti ifanele inikele ngolwazi olusisiseko kuphela, ngoxa iqhawulwe umtshato?

Makhe sijonge kwiingcali ezingezo-IT. Ngokomzekelo, kwiinjineli, iingcali zemibhobho (ndaye ndaba nomdla ngokwenene, kwaye ndathetha nodadewethu omncinci, osanda kuphumelela eyunivesithi kobu buchule kwaye waqala umsebenzi wakhe kwi-NIPI). Iingcali zemibhobho kufuneka zikwazi ukwenza izinto ezicacileyo emva koqeqesho: ukuyila imibhobho yeoli kunye negesi 🙂 Kwaye ke ngoko abanikwanga nje ulwazi olusisiseko, njenge-hydraulics, izixhobo zamandla, ubunjineli bobushushu, i-physics kunye ne-chemistry yolwelo kunye neegesi, kodwa zikwasetyenziswa. ulwazi: ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezithile zokubala iiparameters kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo lwemibhobho, ukubala kunye nokukhethwa kwe-thermal insulation, iindlela zokumpompa iioli ze-viscosities ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zegesi, uyilo kunye neentlobo zezikhululo zecompressor ezahlukeneyo, iimpompo, iivalve, iivalve kunye abenzi boluvo, uyilo lwemibhobho esemgangathweni yezicelo ezahlukeneyo, iindlela zokwandisa umthamo, uxwebhu loyilo loyilo (kunye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo kwezinye iinkqubo zeCAD), njl. Kwaye ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi yabo ephambili ayiyi kuba yimveliso yeentlobo ezintsha zemibhobho kunye neepompo, kodwa ukukhethwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamacandelo asele ekulungele, kunye nokubalwa kweempawu zazo zonke ezi zinto ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neenkcukacha zobugcisa, qinisekisa ukwaneliseka kweemfuno zabathengi, ukuthembeka, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kuko konke oku. Ayikukhumbuzi nganto? Ukuba ujonga ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nobunjineli bamandla ombane, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye nosasazo lukamabonwakude kunye nonomathotholo, kunye ne-elektroniki yezoshishino, yonke into iya kufana: ulwazi olusisiseko lwethiyori + lusetyenzisiwe ulwazi olusebenzayo. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile bathi malunga necandelo le-IT, "akukho mntu eyunivesithi uya kukunika into oyifunayo ukuze uziqhelanise, yiya kwisikolo sobugcisa." Kwaye isisombululo silula ...

Ixesha lokubuyela umva kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo, ukuya kwi-50 kunye ne-60s, kwaye ujonge imboni ye-IT. Ikhompyuter yayingeyonto ingaphezulu nje kokuba "yi-calculator enkulu" kwaye yayisetyenziswa ikakhulu zizazinzulu, iinjineli kunye nomkhosi wokubala izibalo. Umdwebi weprogram ke kwafuneka azi kakuhle imathematika, kuba wayeyingcali yemathematika ngokwakhe, okanye kufuneka aqonde kakuhle ukuba luhlobo luni lweefomula kunye ne-squiggles ezamziswa ziingcali zemathematika, ngokusekelwe apho kufuneka abhale inkqubo yokubala. Kwakufuneka abe nolwazi olulungileyo nolunzulu lwe-algorithms esemgangathweni, kubandakanywa nezinga eliphantsi kakhulu - kuba akukho mathala eencwadi asemgangathweni konke konke, okanye kukho, kodwa mancinci kakhulu, kufuneka ubhale yonke into ngokwakho. Kufuneka kwakhona abe yinjineli yombane kunye nombane okwexeshana - kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba, kungekuphela nje uphuhliso, kodwa kunye nokugcinwa komatshini kuya kuwela emagxeni akhe, kwaye uhlala ecinga ukuba inkqubo ibuggy ngenxa ibug kwikhowudi, okanye ngenxa yokuba umfowunelwa ulahlekile (khumbula apho igama elithi "bug" livela phi, ewe).

Ngoku sebenzisa oku kwiikharityhula zaseyunivesithi kwaye ufumana ukubetha ngokupheleleyo: isixa esibalulekileyo semathematika kwiindidi zazo ezahlukeneyo (uninzi lwazo ezingayi kuba luncedo kumphuhlisi kubomi bokwenyani), iqela lee-non-IT “ezisetyenziswayo. ” kwiinkalo zezifundo ezahlukeneyo (kuxhomekeke kwi-specialty), “ubunjineli ngokubanzi” (umgangatho wemfundo uthi “injineli”, ngoko ke kufuneka kubekho!), Zonke iintlobo “zeziseko zethiyori zento ethile”, njl. Mhlawumbi endaweni yokuhlanganisa, i-Algol kunye ne-Forth baya kuthetha nge-C kunye ne-Python, endaweni yokulungelelanisa izakhiwo zedatha kwi-tape magnetic baya kuthetha malunga nohlobo oluthile lwe-DBMS yobudlelwane, kwaye endaweni yokudluliselwa kwi-loop yangoku baya kuthetha nge-TCP / IP.

Kodwa yonke enye into ayitshintshanga, ngaphandle kwento yokuba, ngokuchaseneyo, ishishini le-IT ngokwalo, itekhnoloji, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iindlela zophuhliso lwesoftware kunye noyilo zitshintshile kakhulu kule minyaka. Kwaye ke uya kuba nethamsanqa ukuba unootitshala abaqhubela phambili abanamava okwenyani kuphuhliso lwesoftware yale mihla - baya kukunika ulwazi olufanelekileyo noluyimfuneko "bebodwa", kwaye ukuba akunjalo, hayi, maye.

Enyanisweni, kukho inkqubela phambili kwindlela elungileyo, umzekelo, kwixesha elidlulileyo kwakukho okukhethekileyo "Ubunjineli beSoftware" - ikharityhulamu yakhethwa ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa umfundi, eneminyaka eyi-17, ukhetha indawo kunye nendlela yokufunda, kunye nabazali bakhe (abanokuba kude kakhulu ne-IT), yeha, akanakuyiqonda yonke into ...

Sithini isigqibo? Kodwa akuyi kubakho sigqibo. Kodwa ndixela kwangaphambili ukuba kuya kubakho ingxoxo eshushu kwizimvo kwakhona, besiya kuba phi ngaphandle kwayo :)

umthombo: www.habr.com