Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2018, ndibambe isikhundla sokukhokela / umphathi / umphuhlisi okhokelayo kwiqela - yibize into oyifunayo, kodwa inqaku kukuba ndinoxanduva ngokupheleleyo kwenye yeemodyuli kunye nabo bonke abaphuhlisi abasebenza. kuyo. Esi sikhundla sindinika imbono entsha kwinkqubo yophuhliso, njengoko ndibandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi ezininzi kwaye ndithatha inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo. Kungekudala, ngenxa yezi zinto zimbini, ngokukhawuleza ndaqonda ukuba umlinganiselo wokuqonda uchaphazela kangakanani ikhowudi kunye nesicelo.
Ingongoma endifuna ukuyenza kukuba umgangatho wekhowudi (kunye nemveliso yokugqibela) ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nendlela abantu abayila ngayo kunye nokubhala ikhowudi yento abayenzayo.
Usenokuba ucinga ngoku, “Enkosi, Cap. Ewe, kuya kuba kuhle ukuyiqonda into oyibhalayo ngokubanzi. Kungenjalo, usenokuqesha iqela leenkawu ukuba libethe izitshixo ezingafanelekanga kwaye uziyeke zinjalo.” Kwaye unyanisile ngokupheleleyo. Ngokufanelekileyo, ndiyithatha kancinci into yokuba uyaqonda ukuba ukuba nombono oqhelekileyo wento oyenzayo iyimfuneko. Oku kunokubizwa ngokuba yi-zero level of understanding, kwaye asiyi kuyihlalutya ngokweenkcukacha. Siza kujonga ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ekufuneka uyiqonde kwaye ichaphazela njani izigqibo ozenzayo yonke imihla. Ukuba bendizazi ezi zinto kwangaphambili, ngendisindise ixesha elininzi lokuchitha kunye nekhowudi ethandabuzekayo.
Nangona awuyi kubona umgca omnye wekhowudi engezantsi, ndiyakholelwa ukuba yonke into ethethwa apha ibaluleke kakhulu ekubhaleni umgangatho ophezulu, ikhowudi ecacileyo.
Inqanaba lokuqala lokuqonda: Kutheni kungasebenzi?
Abaphuhlisi bahlala befikelela kweli nqanaba kwangoko kwimisebenzi yabo, ngamanye amaxesha nangaphandle koncedo oluvela kwabanye - ubuncinci kumava am. Khawucinge ukuba ufumene ingxelo yegciwane: omnye umsebenzi kwisicelo awusebenzi, kufuneka ulungiswe. Uza kuqhubeka njani?
Iskimu esisemgangathweni sijongeka ngolu hlobo:
- Fumana isiqwenga sekhowudi esibangela ingxaki (indlela yokwenza oku sisihloko esahlukileyo, ndiyigubungela kwincwadi yam malunga nekhowudi yelifa)
- Yenza utshintsho kwesi siqwengana
- Qinisekisa ukuba i-bug ilungisiwe kwaye akukho ziphoso zobuyiselo zenzekile
Ngoku makhe sigxininise kwinqaku lesibini - ukwenza utshintsho kwikhowudi. Kukho iindlela ezimbini kule nkqubo. Eyokuqala kukukhangela ukuba yintoni kanye eyenzekayo kwikhowudi yangoku, chonga impazamo kwaye uyilungise. Okwesibini: hambisa ngokuziva - yongeza, yithi, +1 kwingxelo enemiqathango okanye iluphu, jonga ukuba umsebenzi usebenza kwimeko efunekayo, uze uzame enye into, njalo njalo i-ad infinitum.
Indlela yokuqala ichanekile. Njengoko uSteve McConnell echaza kwincwadi yakhe ethi Code Complete (endiyincoma kakhulu, ngendlela), rhoqo xa sitshintsha into ethile kwikhowudi, kufuneka sikwazi ukuqikelela ngokuzithemba ukuba kuya kuchaphazela njani isicelo. Ndicaphula ngenkumbulo, kodwa ukuba i-bugfix ayisebenzi ngendlela obulindele ngayo, kuya kufuneka wothuke kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ubuze isicwangciso sakho sonke sesenzo.
Ukushwankathela oko kuthethiweyo, ukwenzela ukuba wenze ukulungiswa kakuhle kwe-bug okungathotywanga umgangatho wekhowudi, kufuneka uqonde zombini isakhiwo sekhowudi kunye nomthombo wengxaki ethile.
Inqanaba lesibini lokuqonda: Kutheni lisebenza?
Eli nqanaba liqondwa kancinci kancinci kunelo langaphambili. Mna, ngelixa ndisengumphuhlisi we-novice, ndayifunda enkosi kumphathi wam, kwaye emva koko ndachaza undoqo womcimbi kwabasanda kufika.
Ngeli xesha, makhe sicinge ukuba ufumene iingxelo ezimbini zegciwane ngexesha elinye: eyokuqala imalunga nemeko A, eyesibini imalunga nemeko B. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, kukho into engalunganga eyenzekayo. Ngokufanelekileyo, ujongana ne-bug yokuqala kuqala. Ukusebenzisa imigaqo esiyiphuhlisele iNqanaba loku-1 lokuqonda, ugrumba nzulu kwikhowudi efanelekileyo kwingxaki, ufumanise ukuba kutheni ibangela ukuba isicelo siziphathe ngendlela esenza ngayo kwi-Scenario A, kwaye wenze uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo oluvelisa umphumo oyifunayo . Yonke into ihamba kakuhle.
Emva koko uqhubela phambili kwi-scenario B. Uphinda i-scenario ukuzama ukucaphukisa impazamo, kodwa-uyamangalisa! - ngoku yonke into isebenza njengoko kufanelekile. Ukuqinisekisa uqikelelo lwakho, ulungisa utshintsho olwenzileyo ngelixa usebenza kwi-bug A, kwaye i-bug B iyabuya. Ulungiso lwakho lwebug luzisombulule zombini iingxaki. Unethamsanqa!
Awuzange uthembele koku konke. Uze nendlela yokulungisa impazamo kwimeko A kwaye awuyazi ukuba kutheni isebenze kwimeko B. Kweli nqanaba, kuyahenda kakhulu ukucinga ukuba yomibini imisebenzi igqitywe ngempumelelo. Oku kusengqiqweni: inqaku yayikukushenxisa iimpazamo, akunjalo? Kodwa umsebenzi awukagqitywa: kusafuneka ufumanise ukuba kutheni izenzo zakho zilungise impazamo kwimeko B. Ngoba? Kuba isenokuba isebenza kwimigaqo ephosakeleyo, yaye kuya kufuneka ukhangele enye indlela yokuphuma. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa yeemeko ezinjalo:
- Kuba isisombululo besingalungiselelwanga imposiso B, kuthathelwa ingqalelo yonke imiba, usenokuba ngokungazi waphule umsebenzi C.
- Kuyenzeka ukuba kukho ibug yesithathu kwindawo ethile, enxulumene nomsebenzi ofanayo, kwaye ibug yakho ixhomekeke kuyo ekusebenzeni okuchanekileyo kwenkqubo kwimeko B. Yonke into ibonakala ilungile ngoku, kodwa ngenye imini le ntsholongwane yesithathu iya kuqatshelwa kwaye ilungiswe. Ke kwimeko B impazamo iya kwenzeka kwakhona, kwaye kulungile ukuba kuphela apho.
Yonke le nto yongeza isiphithiphithi kwikhowudi kwaye ngenye imini iya kuwa entlokweni yakho-enokwenzeka ngelona xesha lingafanelekanga. Kuya kufuneka uqokelele amandla akho okunyanzela ukuba uchithe ixesha ukuqonda ukuba kutheni yonke into ibonakala isebenza, kodwa kufanelekile.
Inqanaba lesithathu lokuqonda: Kutheni lisebenza?
Ukuqonda kwam mva nje kuhambelana ngqo neli nqanaba, kwaye yeyona nto ibinokundinika eyona nzuzo ukuba bendize kulo mbono ngaphambili.
Ukuyenza icace ngakumbi, makhe sijonge umzekelo: imodyuli yakho kufuneka yenziwe ihambelane nomsebenzi X iimodyuli ezidityaniswa no-X zisebenza kanye naye.
Ikhowudi yakho ayizange idibane nesakhelo se-F konke konke ukususela ngosuku lokuqala lobomi bayo, ngoko ke ukuyiphumeza akuyi kuba lula. Oku kuya kuba neziphumo ezibi kwezinye iindawo zemodyuli. Nangona kunjalo, uziphosa ekuphuhliseni: uchitha iiveki ubhala ikhowudi, uvavanyo, ukukhupha iinguqulelo zepilot, ukufumana impendulo, ukulungisa iimpazamo zokubuyisela, ukufumanisa iingxaki ezingalindelekanga, ukungahlangabezani nemihla yokugqibela ekuvunyelwene ngayo, ukubhala enye ikhowudi, uvavanyo, ukufumana unxibelelwano lwempendulo, ukulungisa iimpazamo zokuhlehla - konke oku ukuze kuphunyezwe isakhelo sika-F.
Kwaye ngaxa lithile uyaqonda ngequbuliso-okanye mhlawumbi uve kumntu othile-ukuba mhlawumbi isakhelo sika-F asiyi kukunika ukuhambelana nophawu X kwaphela.
Kwenzeka into efanayo kanye xa ndandisenza umsebenzi endandiwenza. Kwakutheni ukuze kwenzeke oku? Kuba bendinokuqonda okuncinci malunga nokuba yintoni umsebenzi u-X kwaye unxulumana njani nesakhelo F. Bekufanele ndenze ntoni? Buza umntu owabela umsebenzi wophuhliso ukuba achaze ngokucacileyo ukuba inkqubo yesenzo ecetywayo ikhokelela kwisiphumo esifunwayo, kunokuphinda nje oko kwenziwe kwezinye iimodyuli okanye ukuthatha igama labo kuyo ukuba yile nto kufuneka yenziwe uphawu X.
Amava ale projekthi andifundise ukwala ukuqalisa inkqubo yophuhliso de sibe nokuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba kutheni sicelwa ukuba senze izinto ezithile. Yala ngokuthe ngqo. Xa ufumana umsebenzi, impembelelo yokuqala kukuwenza ngokukhawuleza ukuze ungachithi ixesha. Kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo "wokumisa iprojekthi de singene kuzo zonke iinkcukacha" unokunciphisa ixesha elichithwayo ngemiyalelo yobukhulu.
Nokuba bazama ukubeka uxinzelelo kuwe, ukukunyanzela ukuba uqale umsebenzi, nangona ungasiqondi isizathu soku, xhathisa. Okokuqala, fumanisa ukuba kutheni unikwa umsebenzi onjalo, kwaye wenze isigqibo sokuba le yindlela elungileyo eya kusukelo. Kwafuneka ndiyifunde kabuhlungu yonke le nto - ndiyathemba ukuba umzekelo wam uya kwenza ubomi bube lula kwabo bayifundayo.
Inqanaba lesine lokuqonda: ???
Kuhlala kuninzi ekufuneka kufundwe kucwangciso, kwaye ndiyakholelwa ukuba ndikrwele kuphela umphezulu wesihloko sokuqonda. Ngawaphi amanye amanqanaba okuqonda oye wawafumanisa kwiminyaka yokusebenza ngekhowudi? Zeziphi izigqibo ozenzileyo ezibe nefuthe elihle kumgangatho wekhowudi kunye nokusetyenziswa? Ziziphi izigqibo ekwabonakala ziphosakele zaza zakufundisa isifundo esibalulekileyo? Yabelana ngamava akho kumazwana.
umthombo: www.habr.com