Iziko leMigangatho yeSizwe yase-US kunye neTekhnoloji (NIST) ibhengeze abaphumeleleyo kukhuphiswano lwe-cryptographic algorithms oluxhathisayo ekukhethweni kwikhompyuter ye-quantum. Ukhuphiswano lwaququzelelwa kwiminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo kwaye lujolise ekukhetheni i-post-quantum cryptography algorithms efanelekileyo ukutyunjwa njengemigangatho. Ngexesha lokhuphiswano, i-algorithms ecetywayo ngamaqela ophando lwamazwe ngamazwe yafundwa ziingcali ezizimeleyo malunga nokuba semngciphekweni kunye nobuthathaka.
Ophumeleleyo phakathi kwe-algorithms yendalo yonke enokusetyenziswa ukukhusela ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kuthungelwano lwekhompyuter yayingu-CRYSTALS-Kyber, amandla ayo alingana nobukhulu obuncinci bezitshixo kunye nesantya esiphezulu. I-CRYSTALS-Kyber icetyiswa ukuba idluliselwe kudidi lwemigangatho. Ukongeza kwi-CRYSTALS-Kyber, ii-algorithms ezine ezingaphezulu zichongiwe - i-BIKE, i-Classic McEliece, i-HQC kunye ne-SIKE, efuna uphuhliso olongezelelweyo. Ababhali bezi algorithms baye kude kube ngo-Oktobha 1 ithuba lokuhlaziya iinkcukacha kunye nokuphelisa ukusilela ekuphunyezweni, emva koko banokuthi bafakwe kwi-finalists.
Phakathi kwee-algorithms ezijoliswe ekusebenzeni ngeesignesha zedijithali, i-CRYSTALS-Dilithium, i-FALCON kunye ne-SPHINCS + zigxininiswe. Ii-algorithms ze-CRYSTALS-Dilithium kunye ne-FALCON zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu. I-CRYSTALS-Dilithium inconywa njenge-algorithm ephambili yokusayinwa kwedijithali, kwaye i-FALCON igxininise kwizisombululo ezifuna ubuncinci besignesha. I-SPHINCS + ishiyeka emva kwee-algorithms ezimbini zokuqala ngokobungakanani bomsayino kunye nesantya, kodwa ibandakanyiwe phakathi kwabo baphumeleleyo njengokhetho lokugcina, kuba lusekwe kwimigaqo yezibalo eyahluke kakhulu.
Ngokukodwa, i-CRYSTALS-Kyber, i-CRYSTALS-Dilithium kunye ne-FALCON i-algorithms isebenzisa iindlela ze-cryptography ezisekelwe ekuxazululeni iingxaki zeethiyori ze-lattice, ixesha lesisombululo alihlukanga kwiikhomputha eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-quantum. I-algorithm ye-SPHINCS + isebenzisa i-hash-based based cryptography techniques.
I-algorithms yendalo yonke eshiyekileyo ukuze iphuculwe nayo isekelwe kweminye imigaqo-i-BIKE kunye ne-HQC yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ze-algebraic coding theory kunye ne-linear codes, ekwasetyenziswa kwizicwangciso zokulungisa iimpazamo. I-NIST ijonge ukulungelelanisa ngakumbi enye yezi algorithms ukunika enye indlela esele ikhethiweyo ye-CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm, esekwe kwithiyori yelathisi. I-algorithm ye-SIKE isekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwe-isogeny ye-supersingular (ukujikeleza kwigrafu ye-isogeny ye-supersingular) kwaye ikwathathwa njengomviwa wokulinganisa umgangatho, ekubeni inobukhulu obuncinci beqhosha. I-algorithm yeClassic McEliece iphakathi kwabagqwesileyo, kodwa ayisayi kuba semgangathweni ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu besitshixo sikawonkewonke.
Isidingo sokuphuhlisa kunye nokulinganisa i-crypto-algorithms entsha ngenxa yokuba iikhomputha ze-quantum, eziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kutshanje, zixazulula iingxaki zokubola inani lendalo kwizinto eziphambili (RSA, DSA) kunye ne-discrete logarithm ye-elliptic curve points ( I-ECDSA), ephantsi kwe-algorithms yangoku ye-asymmetric encryption.izitshixo zikawonke-wonke kwaye azinakusonjululwa ngempumelelo kwiiprosesa zakudala. Kwinqanaba langoku lophuhliso, izakhono zeekhompyuter ze-quantum azikakwaneli ukuqhekeza i-algorithms yangoku ye-encryption yangoku kunye neesignesha zedijithali ezisekelwe kwizitshixo zoluntu, ezifana ne-ECDSA, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba imeko ingatshintsha kwiminyaka eyi-10 kwaye kuyimfuneko. ukulungisa isiseko sokudlulisa i-cryptosystems kwimigangatho emitsha.
umthombo: opennet.ru