Ukuzalwa intsomi
Ngokwembali, usapho lukaMicrosoft lweWindows lube yeyona nkqubo isebenzayo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukongama kwenkqubo ethile yokusebenza nako kwamiselwa kwangaphambili ngokwembali. Ukuba iSoviet Union ayizange iphele ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-90 yenkulungwane edlulileyo, inkqubo yokusebenza eyahluke ngokupheleleyo yayiza kusetyenziswa kwi-1/6 yomhlaba kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi. Ungaqhula malunga neCheburnet ixesha elide, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na amandla amakhulu isoftware yayo iyimfuneko yokuqala yokhuseleko lwesizwe. Kodwa oku akukho malunga naloo nto ngoku.
Inyani kukuba omnye wabasunguli beMicrosoft, uBill Gates, wazifumana engoyena ndoqo we "Big Bang" ngemveliso yakhe yesoftware. Iimeko ezinethamsanqa, italente kunye nekhono lokuqhuba ishishini kulo lonke uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto ezinokwenzeka (kwaye akukho mntu uthi zonke beziziphethe kakuhle ngokwembono yomntu oqhelekileyo) zamenza waba ngomnye wabantu abazizityebi emhlabeni. Kunye noluntu, nto leyo engabalulekanga kangako. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abathanda izityebi kunye noluntu. Ngapha koko, inkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows, njengemveliso enkulu, entsonkothileyo kwaye ephuhlayo, inikezele kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuzisa izinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo ezingathandekiyo kubasebenzisi.
Kodwa oku ayisosihloko sencoko yanamhlanje. Ekuphela kwento ekufuneka siyikhumbule namhlanje kukuba iGates eneneni yatyeba kubemi bomhlaba. Ngena epokothweni yomntu wonke! Kwaye oku akunakwenzeka ukuba kube lubaxo olunamandla. Nokuba uvala amehlo akho kwinto yokuba iWindows ngokwayo ayikaze ikhululeke, ukusukela entwasahlobo ka-2011, iMicrosoft yaqala ukuqokelela iimali zelayisensi, ngakumbi, kubavelisi bee-smartphones kunye neetafile ezisebenza nge-Android. Umzekelo, ngo-2014 kuphela, uMicrosoft wafumana i-3,4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kumalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza we-Android. Oko kukuthi, inani labemi ngokungangqalanga, kodwa lithe rhoqo igalelo lemali ethile kunye nendibaniselwano enkulu kwiMicrosoft kunye neGates.
Enyanisweni, ngo-2018 inkampani yenza amalungelo abenzi kwi-Android kwaye bayeka ukufumana iiroyalties ngokuzisebenzisa. Kodwa oku kukwaluphawu olubi - kwakungo-2018 apho iMicrosoft yangena ngokuphandle kwaye ngokungqongqo "kumthombo ovulekileyo": yathenga iGitHub, yajoyina umbutho ukukhusela ngokuchasene ne-patent troll, njalo njalo. Inkampani iqiqe ngengqiqo ukuba iiprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo ziya kuthi ekugqibeleni zifikelele abantu abaninzi. Ngaba le asiyondlela esa kulawulo lwehlabathi? Ngaba uyaqaphela ukuba yonke into idibana njani?
Ezona ziganeko zenzeka kutshanje. Embindini ka-Matshi walo nyaka, kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba uMongameli uTrump ebhengeze imeko kaxakeka e-United States ngenxa yobhubhani we-coronavirus, uGates ngokungalindelekanga wabhengeza ukurhoxa kwakhe kwibhodi yabalawuli beMicrosoft. Zonke ezi ziganeko, iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi wesisa ngokugxininisa ukulwa nobhubhane, kunye nendawo yenkokeli eyaziwayo "yebhiliyoni yegolide" idlale isiqhulo esingathandekiyo kwimbono yobuntu bukaBill Gates. Abemi abaninzi baqala ukumphatha, ububele bakhe, ukuthandwa kwakhe ngokubanzi, isimo sakhe sengqondo malunga nekhompiyutha egcwele yonke indawo, njl. njl. ngokukrokra okwandayo. Ngapha koko, uGates wade watyholwa ngokuqala ubhubhani we-coronavirus, ngezicwangciso ze-chipization kunye nokutshabalalisa uninzi lwabantu.
Enyanisweni, baqala ukumangalela uBill Gates ngezicwangciso ezikhohlisayo kwakudala, kwaye kungekhona ngoku, njengokuba, umzekelo, kwimeko yentetho echukumisayo kaNikita Mikhalkov. Konke oku kubangelwa ukuba iGates, ngemali yakhe kunye nokudibanisa, uye wabandakanyeka kakhulu kwisihloko samayeza kwaye, ngokukodwa, kwisihloko sokugonywa. Kwaye oku kuhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo kwishishini lakhe - ukufikelela wonke umntu. Ngaba wayiwela indlela yomntu? Ewe, ndiqhubekile. Ngaba oku kuyingenelo kubantu abaqhelekileyo? Ewe ndinayo. Ngokutsho kolunye uqikelelo, abantu abazizigidi ezisisi-1,5, inkoliso yabo ingabantwana, bafa minyaka le ngenxa yokungabikho kwezitofu. Oku kunikezelwe kwaye kuyintlekele, kodwa kunokwenzeka kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuyichaphazela.
Akufanele ube nenkohliso yokuba le nto yenzeka kwindawo enzulu yaseAfrika. Umzekelo wokusasazeka kwemasisi eYurophu kulo nyaka uphelileyo uyazithethela, kwaye ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kubonisa ukuba ukungabikho kogonyo okanye isitofu sokugonya, ubhubhane ngumcimbi wexesha kuphela. Ngaba iyamangala ke into yokuba uGates evakalise esidlangalaleni inkxalabo yokuba ubhubhani njengesisongelo sokuphila kwabantu uya kuba yimeko enokwenzeka ngakumbi kunemfazwe yenyukliya? Mhlawumbi wayeyazi kakhulu imeko yezempilo yaseMelika kwaye wayefuna ukuthetha ngayo ngaphambi kokuba imeko yokwenyani ityhilwe sisibetho se-coronavirus. Noko ke, kwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle nje kwabambalwa, izinto ziye zabonakala zingekho bhetele kakhulu, yaye le ngxaki ngokucacileyo isekude ukuba ingasonjululwa.
Ngoko, imisebenzi kaBill Gates ngaphandle kweendonga zeMicrosoft inokwenzeka ukuba isekelwe kwizinto ezimbini ezinomdla ngexesha elifanayo: ukusinda komntu njengeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nemali (ngokubanzi, izibonelelo zobomi kunye nomsebenzi). Enye inxulunyaniswe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nenye. UBill Gates unokunyaniseka kumnqweno wakhe wokusindisa ubomi (kutheni?), Kodwa oku akumthinteli ekubeni ngusomashishini kunye nokwenza izicwangciso zokwandisa, nokuba ungumthandi welizwe okanye u-globalist. Ubungangamsha bobuntu bukaGates kukuba waba ngumntu kumlinganiso weplanethi, eyamenza ukuba abe lixhoba elifanelekileyo leethiyori zeyelenqe kwaye esikhokelela kumbono weli nqaku.
Ke, enye yohlengahlengiso lwangoku lwethiyori yeyelenqe ebandakanya iBill Gates, eyathi ekupheleni kuka-Epreli. "Ijelo lokuQala" lityhola uGates ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiyelenqe lehlabathi elisemva kwezigcawu ngeenjongo zokutshabalalisa phantse lonke uluntu ngaphandle "kweebhiliyoni zegolide", okanye abemi abancinci ukuba babalawule ngurhulumente "wehlabathi". Ngokwale mbono, ubhubhane sisizathu nje okanye isizathu, okanye nokuba yinto ebangelwe ngokwenziwa ngobuchule, ukuze kuphunyezwe izicwangciso ezinobuqhophololo ezifikelela kude.
UNikita Sergeevich Mikhalkov wongeza umlilo kulo lonke ibali. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kusasazo lwakhe oluqhelekileyo, watyhola ngokuphandle uGates ngokufuna ukucofa abemi besebenzisa okanye phantsi kwesitofu sokugonya. Asikwazi ukugweba impumelelo okanye ukusilela kwezakhiwo zikaBill Gates kwicandelo lokugonya, kodwa njengesixhobo se-IT, siyazi into ethile malunga "nokutshiza", oko kukuthi, yeyiphi itekhnoloji "ingqondo embi" uBill Gates anokuba nayo kwaye nokuba kunjalo. itekhnoloji zikhona zonke .
Ukuziqhelanisa neChipping namhlanje
Kuyafaneleka ukuqala ngento yokuba, enyanisweni, ukwenza izinto eziphilayo ezincinci kumalunga neminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala. Kwaye imbono ngokwayo ayililo ikhulu lokuqala okanye iwaka leminyaka ubudala. Ukuchonga impahla, amakhoboka kunye nemfuyo babephawulwa. Kwanegama elithi uphawu kwisiRashiya linentsingiselo engalunganga, singasathethi ke ngokucofa. Kodwa oku kuyasebenza ebantwini. Akukho mntu ubuza izilwanyana - i-microchipping kudala yenza ukuba kugcinwe ugcino lweenkcukacha kwinani kunye nobume bempilo yemfuyo kwaye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokuthembekileyo ukuchonga izilwanyana zasekhaya. Umzekelo, jonga ixesha lokugonywa kwaye ukwenze ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ngokuzenzekelayo. Ilula, ithembekile kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi.
Ngenxa yoko, iindleko zokugcina imfuyo ziyancipha, ezivumela abanini bayo ukuba bafumane ngaphezulu, kwaye imarike ye-microchipping kunye neenkonzo zokulandelela nazo zikhula, ezibonelela nethuba lokufumana imali, kodwa kwabanye abantu. Namhlanje, imarike yezilwanyana ezincinci ifikelela kwiibhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba microchip abantu abaneempawu zezilwanyana? Kuyenzeka, kodwa kwihlabathi elisemva kwemiboniso, kungakhathaliseki ukuba wonke umntu ucinga ntoni ngayo, akukho ngqiqo isebenzayo kule nto, kwaye nantsi isizathu. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweethegi zerediyo (RFID) ezisetyenziselwa izilwanyana ze-microchip luyilo olulula olubandakanya i-transceiver ene-eriyali kunye ne-memory chip yamashumi, ngaphantsi kwekhulu okanye ibhithi. Ithegi ayinayo imvelaphi yayo yamandla kwaye iyifumana ngejelo likanomathotholo kwi-RFID scanner - ekhoyo ngoku eyenzelwe kwi-eriyali yethegi ngumhlaba we-electromagnetic we-scanner ihlawulisa i-capacitor. Le yokugqibela idlala indima yebhetri encinci kwithegi (inkqubo ngokwayo ifana nokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwe-smartphone). Ngokwenyani, konke oku kusebenza ngokwemigaqo efanayo apho iithegi zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela ekubiweni kwempahla kwiishelufa zevenkile, iipasile zemagnethi zokujika, kunye nomsebenzi onje: akukho teknoloji yenqanaba lendawo apha.
Irediyasi yokufunda yethegi enjalo isuka kwiisentimitha ezininzi ukuya kwiidesimitha ezininzi kwaye ixhomekeke kubungakanani bethegi kunye ne-eriyali yayo. Ngokuchasene nokubhengezwa kweekliniki zezilwanyana ukuba izilwanyana ze-microchip, akunakwenzeka ukufunda idatha kwithegi enjalo ngokupheleleyo, njengokuba kungenakwenzeka ukulandelela kunye nokufumana isilwanyana esilahlekileyo ngoncedo lwaso. Isilwanyana sinokuchongwa ngokukhethekileyo kuphela ukuba iimeko ezintathu zidibene ngaxeshanye: ukuba zibanjiwe, iqela elifumanayo lineskena se-RFID kunye nedatha malunga nesilwanyana (ithegi) ifakwe kwenye yogcino lweenkcukacha ezithandwayo.
Iindleko zethegi yerediyo yefrikhwensi yentengiso kumthamo osuka kwi-10 ukuya kuma-90 eesenti, kwaye inkqubo yokwazisa ithegi enjalo kwithishu ephilayo yesilwanyana sasekhaya inokubiza malunga nama-ruble angama-2. Ukuziqhelanisa ne-chipization nge-RFID tags kunokwenziwa into enkulu ngexabiso elifikelelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho i-nuance: inkqubo iqhutyelwa kusetyenziswa into efana nesirinji enenaliti enzima kakhulu, apho i-chip ifakwe kwizicubu. Akunakwenzeka ukuthetha malunga naluphi na uhlobo lwentshayelelo elumkileyo yophawu - ukuba usondela kumntu one "sirinji" enjalo, kulungile ukuba isigulana sehla ngoloyiko olulula kwaye asinikezeli ukuchasana okusebenzayo.
Kodwa masithi kukho into embi eyenzekileyo- ummi nangona kunjalo wayefakwe i-tag ye-RFID. Ubuninzi obunokuthi "buthungwe" kuyo yinombolo engafanelekanga (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiimpawu ze-8 ubude), ikhowudi yelizwe kunye nekhowudi yomenzi wethegi. Nangona kunjalo, akunakukwazi ukufunda ulwazi ukude. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ngakumbi ukufumana ummi onjalo kwisathelayithi. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukugcina inkqubo yokufunda idatha iyimfihlo. Yonke into iya kutyhilwa kwangoko xa abantu abaneeskena ze-RFID beqala ukukuhoya rhoqo.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukutshipha, okuxhaphakileyo namhlanje, kuthetha ubuncinci bolwazi (isazisi esikwisiseko sedatha) kunye nobuninzi bokuphazamiseka xa uqokelelwa. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokucacileyo akufanelanga ithiyori yeyelenqe. Izibonelelo zeethegi ze-RFID ezithungelwe phantsi kwesikhumba zinokwahluka. Abanye abantu bazifumanela indlela efanelekileyo yokuvula izitshixo ze-elektroniki, benze izitshixo zesiqhelo kungabikho mfuneko. Okanye, umzekelo, zingasetyenziselwa iintlawulo kwivenkile ngaphandle kwekhadi. Kodwa kule meko, umsebenzisi uyavuma ukutshiphuza ngokuzithandela kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho ntetho yokulawula kuye.
Microsoft's "Apocalyptic" Patent
Enye yeengxoxo zikaMikhalkov kunye nezithethi zangaphambili ezixhasa izicwangciso ezigwenxa zikaMicrosoft kunye noBill Gates buqu yayiyinombolo yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza WO/2020/060606. Ngokuchanekileyo, esi sisicelo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza esibhaliswe kwiwebhusayithi ye-WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation). Ukuba ujonga kwiinombolo zesicelo emva naphambili, unokufumanisa ukuba inombolo yesicelo WO/2020/060605 ikwayeyeMicrosoft, kwaye isicelo WO/2020/060607 safakwa yiWestern Digital. Ngoko ke, ngenombolo WO / 2020 / 060606, iinketho ezimbini zinokwenzeka: mhlawumbi i-Freemasons yaseYurophu yenza impazamo, okanye le nto idibene nenani lesicelo se-patent ethile kunye "nenombolo yomtyholi" 666. Kubonakala ngathi kuthi ukuba okwesibini kusondele ngokucacileyo kwinyani, ngakumbi kuba "i-apocalyptic" i-patent yeMicrosoft yabhaliswa e-USA kunyaka ongaphambi kwe-Geneva, kwaye inenombolo engathathi hlangothi nengenantsingiselo 16/138518. Ubume bePatent kunye nenombolo entsha , Olu xwebhu lwafunyanwa ngoMatshi 26, 2020. Asiyiqondi ukuba iphi "inani likasathana". Akukho zintandathu zibulalayo kwisixa esifunekayo nokuba kulapha okanye phaya.
Siye salungisa amanani, ngoku malunga ne patent ngokwayo. Sathetha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha ezindabeni ze . Kwi-retelling yamahhala kaMikhalkov, i-patent yeMicrosoft "I-CRYPTOCURRENCY SYSTEM UKUSEBENZISA IDATHA YOMSEBENZI WOMZIMBA" ibandakanya ukukrazula abemi kunye nokubakhuthaza ukuba bathathe amanyathelo athile ngokukhupha imivuzo kwi-cryptocurrency. Nangona kunjalo, enyanisweni akukho nto inye ikhankanyiweyo yokutshitshwa kwilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Abaphuhlisi beMicrosoft bacebise ukuba babambe idatha malunga nezinto ezenziwa ngumzimba womntu kusetyenziswa iinzwa zangaphandle kunye neeskena. Ezi isenokuba zizivamvo zobushushu (umlinganiselo wobushushu bomzimba), abenzi boluvo bokurekhoda i-ECG okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokulula (i-pulse), kusenokubakho izikena ezintsonkothileyo zeMRI zokulandelela ukuhamba kwegazi ebuchotsheni okanye abenzi boluvo bokufunda umsebenzi we-electrochemical of the brain. Kodwa konke oku ngaphandle kokwazisa iinkqubo zokulinganisa emzimbeni womntu, nangona amagama athi "kunye nezinye iindlela" zinokufihla nantoni na. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba kwakutheni ukuze kucetywe.
Umbono kaMicrosoft wokulandela umkhondo weempawu ezibalulekileyo zomsebenzisi xa esenza izinto ezithile phambi kwekhompyuter kukuphelisa ukubalwa kwe-hash kwitekhnoloji ye-cryptocurrency yezemigodi okanye ukwenza imisebenzi ye-blockchain. Esikhundleni sezibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, inkqubo iya kuthatha idatha kwi-scanners malunga neempawu ezibalulekileyo zomsebenzisi zangoku kwaye, ngokusekelwe kuzo, zenze ikhowudi ekhethekileyo kunye nengenakophulwa. Olu luhlobo olulodwa lomsayino wabasebenzisi. Ngokomzekelo, ehleli phambi kwekhompyutheni, wabukela intengiso, kwaye izikhombisi zakhe zarekhodwa kwaye zathungwa kwikhonkco lemisebenzi ye-blockchain, okanye ibhloko entsha ye-cryptocurrency yenziwa ngesiseko sabo. Uluvo lukaMicrosoft (kwaye luluvo nje, asithethi malunga nokuphunyezwa apha) kukugcina ixesha lekhompyuter kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa oku, njengombane. Yonke enye into yintelekelelo engenamsebenzi.
Abaphambukeli bakhetha i-anal probes, kwaye abantu basemhlabeni bakhetha i-nanotechnology
Uthotho lweeanimated ezihlekisayo zaseSouth Park zaqala ngo-Agasti 13, 1997, kunye nesiqendu sokulinga "iCartman kunye ne-Anal Probe." Wonke umntu waseMelika uyazi ukuba abaphambukeli bafaka ii-anal probes kubantu abathinjiweyo kwaye emva koko babathobela kwiminqweno yabo. Ukhetho olukhethiweyo lomxholo kumqhubi wenqwelomoya, kodwa abaphambukeli abakulo basebenzisa itekhnoloji yasemva ngokucacileyo. I-Chipping ifuna indlela enonya kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, yonke into ifanele ingabonakali: iqhutywe phantsi kwengubo yesitofu esiqhelekileyo okanye ukusebenzisa isitofu sokugonya. Ke ngoko, uBill Gates, ukuba wayecwangcisa into enje, kufuneka atyale imali kwi-miniaturization. Khumbula igama elithi "Wintel"? Nantsi!
I-Intel kunye neMicrosoft basebenza ecaleni ngalo lonke ixesha. Umzekelo, uMicrosoft uye waxhasa ngokuphindaphindiweyo iinkomfa ze-Intel, kubandakanywa iminyhadala enjenge-Intel Developer Forum. Ke ngoko, kwimiba ye-miniaturization, iMicrosoft ngokuqinisekileyo inokuthembela kuncedo lwe-Intel, ekudala iphambi kwalo lonke ishishini. Kodwa kwitekhnoloji yenkqubo ye-10nm okanye naphi na ngaphambili, yamisa. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji yenkqubo ye-Intel ye-10nm, engeyiyo eyona iphambili ngokwemigangatho yoshishino, yenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukufezekisa ingxinano ye-transistor engazange ibonwe ngaphambili - i-100,8 yezigidi ze-transistors nge-1 mm2. Oku kumalunga nenani elifanayo lee-transistors njenge-chip ye-Intel Pentium 4 Prescott processor, eyavela kwi-2004. Kuninzi onokukwenza ngolu hlobo lwehardware. Enyanisweni, ukuba sithetha ngeechips ezifakwe emzimbeni womntu, kusafuneka ukuba ngandlela-thile kulungiswe umba we-RAM, amandla enkqubo, unxibelelwano kunye ne "master" kunye neendlela zokulawula izenzo zayo.
Ngokucacileyo, inkumbulo ye-chip eyakhiwe emntwini kufuneka ibe yinto engaguqukiyo. Namhlanje, eyona nkumbulo ixineneyo yi-3D NAND. Ngelishwa, ukusuka kwindawo ethile, abavelisi be-3D NAND bayekile ukupapasha idatha malunga noxinaniso lweeseli kwindawo nganye yendawo yechip. Kodwa kwanele ukuba sibe nombono oqikelelweyo wokuba zeziphi izixa esithetha ngazo.
Kwenye yeenkomfa ze-IEEE ngo-2016, iMicron yatyhila ukuba kwiimeko zelabhoratri yakwazi ukoyisa isiganeko esibalulekileyo: ukufikelela kwirekhodi yoxinaniso ngelo xesha kwi-3D NAND kunye nokugqithisa ukurekhoda kweepleyiti zemagnethi zee-hard drives. Ngokukodwa ngakumbi, kwi-intshi enye yesikwere seMicron iyafa iiseli zememori ezinomthamo opheleleyo we-2,77 Tbit. Ngokumalunga ne-1 mm2, oku kufikelela kwi-4,29 Gbit okanye i-536 MB. Kwiprosesa yenqanaba le-Intel Pentium 4, eli ayilona phupha lokugqibela, kodwa ivolumu eyaneleyo yokuphumeza imiyalelo kunye nokugcina idatha.
Ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yonke into ibonisa ukuba inkqubo yekhompyuter enemveliso inokwakhiwa emntwini. Zininzi izixhobo zokusebenza zeenkqubo zexesha lokwenyani.
Lowo utya kakuhle uyasebenza
Makhe sizame ukufumana isondlo. Kwitshiphu encinci enokufakwa ingaqatshelwanga phantsi kwesikhumba okanye izihlunu zomntu, akukho ndawo yebhetri. Amandla ombane kuya kufuneka athathwe kwenye indawo ngaphandle. Siza kuthetha ngemithombo enokwenzeka yokufumana amandla apha ngezantsi, kodwa okwangoku siza kunikela ixesha elincinci ekusetyenzisweni kweprosesa eyakhiwe emntwini.
I-Intel kunye nabahlobo bayo baye bahamba indlela ende ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwe-chip. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, i-Intel yaqala ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo kunye noyilo lwesekethe oluya kuvumela ii-transistors ukuba zisebenze kumbane okufutshane nexabiso lomda. Ngaphambi koku, ingqiqo yaphuhliswa ngokuthatha i-transistor switching voltages ngaphezu kwe-1 V. Kodwa kwi-CMOS yendawo yonke kunye neenkqubo ze-silicon eziqhelekileyo, umda wethiyori we-voltage threshold uphantsi kakhulu, ngu-36 mV. Njengomphumo wemizamo eqhubekayo yokuzisa umkhuba kwithiyori, inyaniso kukuba namhlanje abavelisi be-chip banokuvelisa ingqiqo kunye ne-transistor switching voltages ukusuka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-500 mV.
Ewe, i-voltage yokusebenza yengqiqo inokuncitshiswa ngokwethiyori ngomnye umyalelo wobukhulu. Kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukuhla kombane wokubonelela ngee-transistors kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kokungaphumeleli kwengqiqo ngenxa yokwahluka kweeparameters ze-transistors ngexesha lokuvelisa kunye nokutshintsha kweempawu zabo phantsi kwefuthe lokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa. Ukubeka ngokulula, okusezantsi kombane wokubonelela (kunye nokusetyenziswa), okukhona kungathembekanga kwaye kucotha yonke into isebenza. Kwakhona kulandela kule nto ukuba ngenxa yokuthembeka, kuya kufuneka uncame ukuya kwinqanaba elithile lokuxinana kwee-transistors.
Ke luhlobo luni lwexabiso lokusetyenziswa esinokuthetha ngalo? Makhe sijonge umboniso we-Intel kwiseshoni yokuwa ye-IDF 2011. Emva koko iprosesa ye-32-nm yeClaremont (kwi-architecture efana ne-Intel P54C) ene-6 yezigidi ze-transistors kwi-chip enendawo emalunga ne-2 mm2. Ingqiqo yale processor yaqala ukusebenza kwi-voltage ye-380 mV kwi-frequency ye-10 MHz kunye nokusetyenziswa malunga ne-1,5 mW. Kwimo engasebenziyo, iprosesa ijongana nemisebenzi elula yangasemva kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwe-10 mW. Yintoni i-10 mW? Ukuthelekisa: isalathisi esiqhelekileyo se-LED kwi-smartphone yokutshaja idla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60 mW, kodwa injongo yaso kuphela kukuyenza ibonakale intle. Iprosesa yovavanyo ye-Intel yexabiso eliphantsi iClaremont ifuna umthombo wamandla ophindwe kathandathu ungaphantsi kwamandla ukuqalisa.
Ukuqwalasela uphuhliso lwezakhiwo, iinkqubo zobugcisa kunye nobuchwepheshe, kunengqiqo ukucinga ukuba namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukwenza i-Intel Pentium-level processor kunye nokusetyenziswa malunga ne-1 mW okanye nangaphantsi. Kodwa apho emzimbeni womntu sinokufumana unikezelo lwamandla oluzinzile ngamandla e-1 mW (kwaye ngokwenene ngakumbi, ekubeni nathi sifuna ukunika amandla imemori, i-radio transmitter kunye nolunye uhlobo lweenkqubo zokulawula abantu)? Kukho iimpendulo ezininzi kulo mbuzo, kodwa zonke azinakwenzeka ukuba zibe sisisombululo esifanelekileyo.
Iseli encinci yelanga-malunga nobungakanani besitampu esikhulu sokuposa-inokubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 mW yamandla, njengoko i-Intel ibonisile (jonga umfanekiso ongentla). Kodwa olu khetho ngokuqinisekileyo ayisiyiyo yeechips ezifakwe emzimbeni. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, iskimu esinjalo sokunikezelwa kwamandla asinakwenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo, nangona akunzima ukusisebenzisa ngokuvulekileyo. Kuya kuba luncedo ukunika amandla ukufakelwa kwengqondo kwiiphaneli zesola ezibekwe entloko. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ye-hypothetical chipping efihliweyo njengogonyo, olu khetho alufanelekanga ngokuqinisekileyo.
Amandla nawo anokufunyanwa kwiintshukumo kunye nokungcangcazela. Iiwotshi zepokotho ezine-automatic spring winding zayilwa malunga namakhulu amathathu eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ubuchwephesha bale mihla bematriki ye-microelectromechanical matrix (MEMS) buvula indlela yobonelelo lwamandla oluncinci oluvelisa ngoku ngokusuka kwiintshukumo. NgoFebruwari walo nyaka, enye yezinto zamva nje ezithembisayo malunga nesi sihloko Iziko lesiFrentshi CEA-Leti.
AmaFrentshi enze iitshiphusi ezivelisa umsinga wombane ukusuka kwintshukumo ekwaziyo ukuvelisa ukusuka kwi-100 µW ukuya kwi-1 mW. Okona kulungileyo, oku kunokwanela ukunika amandla itshiphu ethungelwe emzimbeni. Kodwa ubukhulu buyancipha. Ngokujonga umzekeliso okhaphayo (jonga ngasentla) - kwaye akukho datha ichanekileyo malunga nobungakanani bejeneretha okwangoku - i-microcircuit yejeneretha inkulu kakhulu. Ukuba inokufakwa phantsi kwesikhumba okanye kwezinye izihlunu eziphilayo, inokwenziwa kuphela ngotyando. Oku kwakhona ayisiyiyo inketho yogonyo lwe-mass mass chipization. Kuya kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphilisa kunye nokurhawuzelelwa - uya kuqaphela ngokuqinisekileyo.
Unokuqwalasela ukhetho lokukhupha umbane kwiindawo ze-electromagnetic - zombini kwiingcingo zombane kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zengxolo yerediyo (izikhululo zeselula, unxibelelwano lukanomathotholo, i-Wi-Fi, njl. njl.). Kodwa kukho ingxaki enye enkulu kuyo yonke le nto - udinga ikhoyili ye-antenna enkulu. Ithegi encinci ye-RFID kule meko ayinakuthathwa njengesisombululo esifanelekileyo. Iskena se-RFID sinakho ukwenza umdla kwintsimi ye-electromagnetic kwikhoyili ye-transponder, eyanele ukuvelisa amandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 mW. Kuphela apha iskena kufuneka sibe kumgama weesentimitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kummkeli, kwaye umamkeli kufuneka abe nekhoyili yokufumana ngokufanelekileyo kwisikali seesentimitha ezininzi.
Iithegi ezincinci zikanomathotholo zokutshitshwa kwezilwanyana, esixoxe ngazo ngasentla, zisebenza ngamandla asezantsi kakhulu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuze kudluliselwe amandla aneleyo kwitshiphu emiliselwe emzimbeni ukusebenza logic ezintsonkothileyo - yethu eqhelekileyo 1 mW - iskena okanye umthombo wemitha eyomeleleyo electromagnetic kufuneka ibekwe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwitshiphu eyimfihlo. Oko kukuthi, imfuno yoqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo kunye nobukhulu obukhulu bekhoyili ye-receiver inciphisa yonke imfihlo ukuya kwi-zero.
Mhlawumbi impendulo ekunikezeni amandla kumzimba we-elektroniki ilele kwiindlela zakudala ze-electrochemical reaction? Umzimba womntu kumyinge wama-60% wamanzi. Ngokuchanekileyo, ukusuka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-electrolyte. Yibhetri. Ngokomzekelo, uphuhliso lwamva nje olwenziwe ngabaphandi beZiko laseCalifornia Institute of Technology basebenzisa ukubila komntu njenge-electrolyte. I-patch, kwinkqubo yokubola kwe-lactic acid nge-enzyme phambi kwe-catalyst, ivumela umntu ukuba enze i-35 mW yamandla ukusuka kwi-square centimeter. Kodwa ithiyori yeyelenqe iphinda ijongelwe phantsi ngobukhulu besisombululo. Oku ngokucacileyo kungekhona ukuthwala okufihliweyo, kwaye ukuba i-generator enjalo yenziwe nge-intramuscular, ngoko ke ingxaki yokususa iimveliso zokubola iya kuvela. Kwiminyaka engama-20-30, mhlawumbi kukho into eya kuza kuyo, kodwa namhlanje ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo.
Oku kungasentla kusebenza ngokulinganayo ekufumaneni amandla kwiicarbohydrates, ngakumbi kwiglucose (iswekile). Xa kukho i-enzymes kunye ne-catalysts, i-glucose ngokwenene iyancipha kwaye isebenza njengomthombo wamandla. Iimvavanyo kweli cala kwaye zisaqhubeka. Iibhetri ezininzi zeprototype ezinikwe izisombululo ze-glucose zenziwe kwiilabhoratri, kodwa ukudibanisa umthombo wamandla onjalo kumzimba womntu ngumngeni womyalelo ohluke ngokupheleleyo. Luhlobo luni lwebhetri yeglucose esinokuthetha ngayo ukuba ingxaki yesifo sikashukela ayikasombululwa?
Unokukhumbula malunga nomnye umthombo wamandla - ubushushu obuveliswa ngumntu. Ezona ziguquli zisebenzayo zobushushu zibe ngumbane zizinto ze-thermoelectric ezisekelwe . Indawo encinci yePeltier iyakwazi ukunika amandla amandla angama-10, 20 mW, okanye ngaphezulu. Kukho uphuhliso oluninzi olunjalo, kwaye umdla kubo awupheli (bona, umzekelo, kunye nefoto engentla). Enye into kukuba ukuze i-thermoelement isebenze, kufuneka kubekho umahluko obonakalayo wokushisa kumacala ayo amhlophe. Ukwenza oku, elinye lamacala ento kufuneka likhutshwe ukuze lichithe ubushushu kwindawo ejikelezileyo. Kwaye ayinakwenziwa kwakhona ingaqatshelwa.
Ukushwankathela uhambo olufutshane kunikezelo lwamandla ombane olunxitywayo / olufakelwayo, sinokuthi ngokuzithemba ukuba namhlanje isayensi kunye nethekhnoloji azikwazi ukunika ibhetri encinci nakwi-serial wearable electronics, kwaye nangakumbi kwi-chipization efihliweyo (eyimfihlo). I-Microelectronics kule ndawo sele ilungele ukunika into enomdla, kodwa ngoku iyafana nokuba unikwe ukwakha ikhompyutha ngaphandle kombane.
Sele silapha sinokugqiba inqaku malunga nokugonywa kwentsomi, kodwa siya kuqhubeka. Makhe sichukumise imiba yonxibelelwano.
Ukuqhelaniswa nemidlalo engeyiyo eyemidlalo (kunomathotholo).
Ngaphandle kokuba ulihashe, ngubani onokufaka ngokulula ithegi yamaza kanomathotholo kangangeesentimitha ezininzi ngobukhulu kwizihlunu okanye phantsi kolusu, ngoko ke uya kukwazi ukubona umzimba otshitshwe ngeethegi zeRFID ngokungqubana nayo impumlo ukuya empumlweni. Iitshiphusi ezinkulu zesayizi yenaliti kwiinkomo zinokugubungela amadlelo okanye amadlelo amancinci, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko iradiyasi ayikho ngaphezulu kwesibini ukuya kwamashumi amathathu eemitha. Iithegi zeRFID okanye ezinye iziboniso zeRFID azinakujongwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Olona xhulumaniso lufanelekileyo kulo mbandela lunokuba yiselula kuphela, kunye nezikhululo ezisisiseko ezibekwe ngokusondeleyo komnye nomnye.
Iithiyori zeyelenqe zidibanisa ezimbini kunye ezimbini kwaye zafumana ... ezintlanu - iinqaba zonxibelelwano ze-5G zaqala ukutshisa phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi.
Jonga kwindawo engalunganga, batshisi abemi! Abasebenzisi kudala beqala ukufihla ii-eriyali zeselula. Namhlanje, uphuhliso lwasezidolophini lubonakala lubona into entsha yokuhombisa ivela kunenqaba yakudala ecaphukisayo eyayiyi-20 okanye iminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo. Oku kunokuba ngumbhobho weplastiki othe nkqo othe nkqo onee-eriyali ezifihlwe ngaphakathi, okanye into ethe nkqo yentengiso yangaphandle. Umfanekiso ongasentla, umzekelo, ubonisa indlela ii-eriyali zase-USA zifihlwe ngayo kwimodeli ye-cactus yobungakanani bobomi. Olu qheliselo luba yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye ukutshintshela kwi-5G kuya kwenza ukuba i-antenna kunye neenqaba zingabonakali kakhulu kwiindawo zasedolophini nakwiindawo zasemaphandleni. Abantu abaxakeke liyelenqe lehlabathi abanakukwazi ukubabhaqa, okanye, phantsi kwengubo yokulwa neenqaba, baya kuqala ukutshabalalisa yonke into abangayithandiyo.
Itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano ye-5G iqaliswa ngokuyinhloko ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa kwedatha. Ukwenza oku, iinqaba kufuneka zifakwe rhoqo. Kodwa le asiyonqaba siyiqhelileyo. Iyunithi yesikhululo sesiseko se-5G, kunye ne-server encinci eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, incinci kwaye ithelekiseka ngobukhulu kwi-laptop (isithombe esingasentla ngumzekelo wesinye sezixhobo ze-Huawei ze-5G). Ukubonelela nge-mass coverage, izikhululo ezisisiseko ze-5G zinokuxhonywa nje kwiindonga zezakhiwo kwaye zikwazi ukufihlakala ngokulula ngezinto zokuhlobisa. Iibhloko ezinjalo aziyi kubangela ukukrokra okanye ukucaphuka phakathi kwabemi. Kukwakho nenkqubo yokubeka iziseko ezihonjiswe ngeplastiki kwiipali zokukhanyisa ezitalatweni. Ngubani onikela ingqalelo kuzo? Ukubekwa rhoqo kwezikhululo zesiseko, ngendlela, kwakhona lithuba lokunciphisa amandla omqondiso omabini amacala okudlulisa kunye nokwamkela. Kodwa ngaba oku kunganceda ngandlel’ ithile ukulawula abantu abatshisiweyo?
Kunzima. Izicubu zomntu kunye namanzi kwiithishu zisikhuselo esilungileyo sokukhutshwa kwerediyo ye-high-frequency kuluhlu apho unxibelelwano lwe-5G lusebenza khona. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-antenna ye-5G ye-transceiver ayinakuphinda ibuyele nzulu emzimbeni womntu. Kumele kube kufutshane nobuso besikhumba ngokusemandleni, kungenjalo kuya kufuneka amandla amakhulu kakhulu ukuseka unxibelelwano. Kwakhona, i-eriyali yonxibelelwano lwe-5G yinto entsonkothileyo, edibeneyo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuyenza ingabonakali kwinaliti emzimbeni womntu. Imilinganiselo emikhulu, ngenxa yobude bamaza onomathotholo asetyenzisiweyo, kunye nesidingo sokubeka i-eriyali ye-5G phantse kwindawo ecacileyo iyathetha ngokwayo - kwisigulana, ukufakelwa kwe-5G ye-transceiver kunye ne-eriyali akuyi kuhamba ingabonwa.
Kufuneka kuthethwe amagama ambalwa malunga namandla afunekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-transceiver ye-5G (kunye nonxibelelwano lweselula ngokubanzi). Xa unxibelelwano lusekiwe phakathi komthumeli kunye nesikhululo sesiseko, amandla omqondiso afikelela kwi-1 W. Umqondiso kufuneka ube namandla ukudlula ukuqinisekiswa kunye nokuseka umjelo othembekileyo, kodwa esi sigaba sithatha umcimbi we-milliseconds. Masithi kule meko, ummi otyunjiweyo unikezelwa nge-supercapacitor enamandla (ionistor). Ukunwebeka okukhulu, kodwa kuyenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe. Emva kwenqanaba lokuseka unxibelelwano, amandla amakhulu ngolo hlobo awasafuneki ukuba usebenzise ijelo likanomathotholo; unokudlula ngamandla omyalelo wamashumi amaninzi eemiliwatts. Ukuqwalasela ukuphuhliswa kwe-algorithms yokulungiswa kwephutha kunye nokuthunyelwa okukhulu kwezikhululo ze-5G, sicinga ukuba umbane we-transceiver we-10 mW uya kukwanela ukuxhasa umjelo wonxibelelwano. Kodwa kwanale nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprosesa efakiweyo kunye nokuthabatha kwithiyori yeyelenqe.
I-chipization yokwenyani ngomso: iya kujongeka njani?
Ukusuka kuyo yonke into ekhankanywe ngasentla, ilandela ngokucacileyo ukuba i-chipization eyimfihlo, leyo, ngokomzekelo, inokuthi iguqulwe njengento yokugonywa, ayinakwenzeka nje kwinqanaba langoku lobuchwepheshe. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyichasi into yokuba ukufakelwa kwe-semiconductor implants emzimbeni womntu kunokuba yinyani kwixesha elizayo elingekude. Kuya kwenzeka ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa noko kucingwa ngabathiyori beyelenqe. Ukuqonda apho inkqubela yezobugcisa ihamba khona ngokwenene kule ndawo, kunengqiqo ukujonga i-Neuralink neural interface, ephuhliswa yinkampani ye-Elon Musk yegama elifanayo.
Kwiveki ephelileyo u-Elon Musk kwakhona ukuba ekupheleni konyaka i-Neuralink iya kuqalisa izilingo zeklinikhi ze-proprietary human-machine interface kubantu abaphilayo. Ngaphambili wathembisa ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile (esinokwenzeka ukuba sisemthethweni), ukufakelwa kwe-Neuralink neural interface kwingqondo ephilayo yesigulane akukenzeki.
Inokwenzeka njani le nto. Masimnike umgangatho kuMusk: “Siza kusika iqhekeza lokakayi, emva koko sifakele isixhobo seNeuralink apho. Emva koko, iintambo ze-electrode ziya kudibaniswa ngononophelo kakhulu kwingqondo, kwaye emva koko yonke into iya kuthungwa. Isixhobo siya kukwazi ukusebenzisana nayo nayiphi na inxalenye yengqondo kwaye siya kubuyisela umbono olahlekileyo okanye ukulahleka kokusebenza kwamalungu. "
I-Chipization ngokuka-Elon Musk iya kuba yinxalenye yotyando olunzima. Olu ayilogonyo ngesantya sokugqabhuka kompu womatshini, lufuna indlela yomntu ngamnye. Iichips zifakwe ngaphakathi kwentloko yesigulane, kwaye i-electrodes ifakwe kwi-cortex ye-cerebral ngokwesicwangciso esikhethekileyo.
Kwakhona, ngokucacileyo, iichips ngaphakathi kokakayi ziya kudityaniswa ne-inductor ebekwe kwindawo ekufutshane (akukho nto icetywayo ukuba iphume ngaphandle), kwaye isixhobo sangaphakathi siya kunxibelelana nehlabathi langaphandle-ngebhetri kunye ne-transceiver yeBluetooth (kwaye emva koko ikhompyutha) - iya kwenziwa kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji efana neRFID.
Ukusuka kwimifanekiso ebonisiweyo unokuqonda ukuba i-chipization yokwenyani iya kujongeka njani. Injongo yolu cwecwe kukuvumela abaguli abangakwaziyo ukuhamba okanye abantu abonzakele kakhulu ukuba balawule ii-smartphones, iikhompyuter okanye iiprostheses ze-elektroniki "ngamandla okucinga." Kungenjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukubuyisela inkangeleko ethile yokubona okanye yokuva. Oku sele kuyingxelo. Kwezinye iimeko, inkqubo enjalo iya kunceda ukubuyisela izakhono zemoto emzimbeni ukuba umonakalo kwintambo yomgogodla utshabalalise umjelo othe ngqo wokuhanjiswa kweempembelelo ze-nerve.
Kwixesha elizayo elikude kakhulu, uMusk uphupha ukudibanisa ingqondo yomntu kunye neyokwenziwa, kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngoncedo lweechips ezinjalo umntu unokulawulwa. Ngenye imini oku kuya kwenzeka, kodwa kakhulu, ixesha elide kakhulu. Ngaba kuya kubakho abachasi kulo mkhwa? Ngokuyimfuneko! Ukungazi kunokupheliswa kuphela yimfundo yesayensi, kwaye ngale nto kwiplanethi yethu, yonke into ayisekho ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
isiphelo
Ngentla sithethe ngokweenkcukacha malunga noko kuqondakalayo (sinethemba) kuninzi lwabantu abanengqondo ephilileyo. Ngelishwa, i-Intanethi ibonelele ngeqonga lazo naziphi na izimvo, kubandakanywa nezo zinezinga elimangalisayo leentsomi kunye nobuncinci besiseko sesayensi okanye nokunqongophala ngokupheleleyo kwengqiqo. Asikwazanga ukuma ecaleni kwaye sagqiba ekubeni sithethe ngomba we-chipization ngomoya wokuba inokubonakala njani kwinqanaba langoku lophuhliso lombane. Zonke ezi zibalo zingentla ziqikelelwa, kodwa zithetha ngokucacileyo malunga nenqanaba lezakhono zezisombululo ezinjalo.
Kukho isiphelo esinye kuphela: namhlanje akukho teknoloji eyenza ukuba kube lula ukwenza isisombululo esincinci esidibeneyo sokungabonakali okanye ukwaziswa okubonakalayo kumzimba womntu ukuze kulawulwe izenzo zayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-propaganda endala ihlangabezana nalo msebenzi ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa libali elahluke ngokupheleleyo.
umthombo: 3dnews.ru