I-2018 edlulileyo ibe lixesha lokukhula okukhulu kwii-NVMe drives. Ngeli xesha, abavelisi abaninzi baye baphuhlisa kwaye bazisa iimveliso eziye zaphakamisa kakhulu umgangatho wezisombululo ezisebenza ngebhasi yePCI Express. Ukusebenza komda kwee-NVMe SSDs zaqala ukusondela kwi-PCI Express 3.0 x4 ujongano, kwaye isantya sokusebenza ngokungekho mthethweni sinyuke kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neminikelo yezizukulwana ezidlulileyo.
Ukukhanya koku, akumangalisi konke konke ukuba izisombululo ezininzi ezinomdla ziye zafika kwimarike. Abona baqhubi bangcono kakhulu kulo nyaka uphelileyo bekuyimpumelelo ye-Intel SSD 760p, WD Black NVMe kunye ne-ADATA XPG SX8200, kwaye bonke bajonge kwinqanaba leemodeli zangaphambili zeNVMe njengabameli besizukulwana esitsha ngokupheleleyo-ukwanda kweempawu zesantya kwakubi kakhulu. . Isimboli sotshintsho yayiyinto yokuba okokuqala kwiminyaka eliqela, i-Samsung yaphulukana nesihloko somthengisi weyona SSDs inomdla kakhulu eyenziwe ngobuninzi: i-Samsung 960 EVO drive, eyanikezelwa kuyo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, yaba kude. ukusuka kweyona ndlela ilungileyo ngenxa yokwanda komsebenzi wabakhuphisana. Kwaye kwabonakala ngathi ukukhula okunzulu obekuqalile akusayi kuphinda kumiswe, kwaye ngo-2019 ukuphuculwa okusebenzayo kwee-NVMe SSDs eziveliswe ngobuninzi ziya kuqhubeka.
Nangona kunjalo, iinyanga zokuqala zalo nyaka zibonisa okuchaseneyo: kubonakala ngathi abavelisi baye bachitha yonke imizamo yabo kwimpumelelo yonyaka odlulileyo, kwaye eyona nto sinokuyibona kwixesha elizayo kuhlaziyo oluthe ngcembe kwiimveliso zonyaka ophelileyo. Awudingi ukujonga kude kwimizekelo. Namhlanje siza kujonga kwi-Western Digital ye-NVMe SSD yamva nje, i-WD Black SN750, kwaye le yimveliso yesithathu entsha kulo nyaka ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho olusisiseko kuyilo olusisiseko lwe-drive. Kwiimveliso esidibana nazo kulo nyaka, abavelisi abasixhasi ngeendlela ezintsha kunye nezisombululo zehardware. Yonke into inqunyelwe ekutshintsheni imemori yeflash ukuya kwiintlobo zale mihla, okanye ngakumbi kuphuculo kwinqanaba le-firmware.
Noko ke, asifuni ukuthi indlela enjalo ngokucacileyo ayinakuba nemiphumo emihle. Kukho umzekelo ogqibeleleyo: i-Samsung 970 EVO Plus drive entsha, eyohlukileyo kwiyandulelayo ngokususa i-64-layer endala kunye ne-96-layer TLC 3D V-NAND ngokungalindelekanga, iseti ngokungalindelekanga ibhenchmarks zokusebenza kumthengi we-NVMe SSD imakethi. icandelo.
Kodwa oku akusoloko kusebenza kwaye hayi wonke umntu. Umzekelo, inguqulelo entsha ye-ADATA XPG SX8200 drive, efumene isiphelo se-Pro egameni layo, ifumene ukulungelelaniswa kwe-firmware kangangokuba kuya kuba ngcono ukungabi nayo kwaphela. I-drive iye yakhawuleza kuneyandulelayo ngokukodwa kwiibhentshi, kodwa ayinikeli naluphi na uphuculo lokwenyani kwisantya okanye ezinye iimpawu.
Into eyenziwe yiWestern Digital ekuqaleni ijongeka ngakumbi njengendlela ye-ADATA. Inyani kukuba i-WD Black SN750 yi-analogue ye-WD Black NVMe drive yonyaka ophelileyo (yayinenombolo yemodeli SN720) ene-firmware elungisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, masingangxami ukuya kwizigqibo; ngubani owaziyo ukuba oku kunokuchaphazela njani ukusebenza. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, i-Western Digital sele isinike into engalindelekanga kunye neyothusayo xa, kulandela inguqulelo yokuqala ecothayo nengaphawulekiyo ye-WD Black PCIe, inguqulelo yesibini ye-WD Black NVMe yakhululwa, eyatshintsha yonke into kwaye yaba ngomnye wabathengi abangcono kakhulu be-NVMe SSD. kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngoko ke, ngokukhawuleza ukuba inguqulo yesithathu ye-"black" ye-Western Digital drive ifike eRashiya, ngokukhawuleza sagqiba ekubeni siyivavanye. Makhe sibone, mhlawumbi i-Western Digital ikwazile ukukhupha i-Samsung kwakhona kwaye yenza into enomdla ngakumbi kune-Samsung 970 EVO Plus?
Iinkcukacha zobugcisa
Kwi-Black NVMe drive (SN720) ekhutshwe kunyaka ophelileyo, iWestern Digital ihlaziye ngokupheleleyo iqonga le-hardware. Umenzi wasondela kuphuhliso lwe-SSD ngalo lonke uxanduva: isilawuli esikhethekileyo sobunini bemodyuli yenzelwe yona, leyo, njengoko bekucwangcisiwe kwasekuqaleni, kwiiyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo, bekufanele ukuba ngokuthe ngcembe isasaze indawo yayo kwezinye ii-NVMe SSD zenkampani. I-SN750 entsha emnyama esithetha ngayo namhlanje iyinyani ngokupheleleyo kuyilo lwangaphambili: icandelo layo eliphambili lizuzwe kumanduleli walo. Iphinda isebenzise isilawuli se-tri-core 28nm efanayo, esenziwe liqela lobunjineli beSanDisk elathi langena phantsi kwephiko leWestern Digital.
Nangona kunjalo, ukungabikho kwendawo yomlawuli akunakuthathwa njengento embi. I-Chip yeSanDisk iqhube kakuhle kwi-2018 Black NVMe, kwaye ngaphandle kwenani elincinci le-ARM Cortex-R cores, ibonelele ngokusebenza okundilisekileyo ngaphandle kweengxaki.
I-SSD kunye nememori ye-flash ayikatshintshi xa kuthelekiswa noguqulelo lwangaphambili. Zombini ngoko nangoku, iWestern Digital isebenzisa imemori ye-BiCS64 yobunikazi engama-3 (TLC 3D NAND) enobungakanani be-chip ye-256-gigabit kwimveliso yayo yeflegi. Kwaye lo mzuzu, ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo, uphakamisa imibuzo emikhulu kakhulu. Inyani yeyokuba iWestern Digital ibhengeze ukuhanjiswa kovavanyo lwenkumbulo engaphezulu ye-96 yenqanaba lesine lesizukulwana sesine (BiSC4) embindini wonyaka ophelileyo. Kwaye kuya kuba sengqiqweni ukuba olu hlobo lwenkumbulo luvele kwinguqulelo yanamhlanje yeflagship drive yenkampani. Ngaphaya koko, iqabane lemveliso ye-Western Digital, uToshiba, waqala ukubonelela ngeedrives ezisekwe kwimemori ye-BiCS4 ngoSeptemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo (imodeli ehambelanayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-XG6). Nangona kunjalo, kukho into engalunganga kwi-Western Digital, kwaye utshintsho kwimemori ye-flash ye-96 aluzange lwenzeke, ngenxa yoko i-Black SN750 entsha, ngokumalunga noqwalaselo lwe-hardware, yajika yafana ngokupheleleyo noguqulelo lwangaphambili. iflegi "emnyama".
Ekukhuseleni imveliso yakhe entsha, umenzi uthi utshintsho olunzulu lwenziwe kwinqanaba le-firmware, kwaye inxalenye yesoftware ehlaziyiweyo inokubonelela ngenkqubela phambili kwizikhombisi zesantya. Nangona kunjalo, kufanelekile ukukhumbula apha ukuba isilawuli seSanDisk apho i-Western Digital drives isekwe khona ibonakaliswe kukuphunyezwa kwehardware yee-algorithms ezininzi apho iindlela zesoftware ziqhele ukusetyenziswa.
Kwaye le nyaniso ibeka ukuthandabuza malunga nokuba ukusebenza kwelungu elilandelayo losapho oluMnyama kungaphuculwa kakhulu luhlobo oluthile lwe-firmware. Kodwa, ngokucacileyo, isebe lentengiso ye-Western Digital alaneli ngokuthandabuza kwethu. Uluhlu lweempawu zemveliso entsha luqulunqwe ngokungathi i-Black SN750 ngenene yimveliso ebonakala ingcono kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-NVMe emnyama yangaphambili. Izantya ezilinganisiweyo zokufunda nokubhala okungahleliwe, kunye nesantya sokufunda ibhloko encinci, ngokwedatha esemthethweni, inyuke ngo-3-7%. Kwaye ukusebenza ngexesha lokurekhoda okungahleliwe ngokukhawuleza kwanda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%, ekufuneka iqinisekise ngokukodwa ukusebenza okungcono kwemodeli entsha kwiimeko zangempela.
Ukuba sithetha ngamanani athile, ke iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni zeWD Black SN750 zithathe kule fom ilandelayo.
| Umenzi | Western Digital | |||
| Uchungechunge | WD Black SN750 NVMe SSD | |||
| Inombolo yomzekelo | I-WDS250G3X0C | I-WDS500G3X0C I-WDS500G3XHC |
I-WDS100T3X0C I-WDS100T3XHC |
I-WDS200T3X0C I-WDS100T3XHC |
| Into yefom | M.2 2280 | |||
| ujongano | I-PCI Express 3.0 x4 - NVMe 1.3 | |||
| Umthamo, GB | 250 | 500 | 1000 | 2000 |
| Isimo | ||||
| Iitshiphusi zememori: uhlobo, iteknoloji yenkqubo, umenzi | SanDisk 64- umaleko BiCS3 3D TLC NAND | |||
| Umlawuli | SanDisk 20-82-007011 | |||
| Isithinteli: uhlobo, umthamo | DDR4-2400 256 MB |
DDR4-2400 512 MB |
DDR4-2400 1024 MB |
DDR4-2400 2048 MB |
| Imveliso | ||||
| Max. isantya sokufunda esilandelelanayo esizinzileyo, MB/s | 3100 | 3470 | 3470 | 3400 |
| Max. isantya sokubhala esilandelelanayo esizinzileyo, MB/s | 1600 | 2600 | 3000 | 2900 |
| Max. isantya sokufunda ngokungahleliwe (iibhloko ze-4 KB), IOPS | 220 000 | 420 000 | 515 000 | 480 000 |
| Max. isantya sokubhala ngokungahleliwe (iibhloko ze-4 KB), IOPS | 180 000 | 380 000 | 560 000 | 550 000 |
| Iimpawu zomzimba | ||||
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: ukungasebenzi / ukufunda-ukubhala, W | 0,1/9,24 | |||
| I-MTBF (ixesha eliqhelekileyo phakathi kokusilela), iiyure ezizigidi. | 1,75 | |||
| Isixhobo sokurekhoda, i-TB | 200 | 300 | 600 | 1200 |
| Imilinganiselo xa iyonke: LxHxD, mm | 80 x 22 x 2,38 - ngaphandle kwerediyetha 80 x 24,2 x 8,1 – ngerediyetha |
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| Ubunzima g | 7,5 - ngaphandle kwe-radiator 33,2 - kunye nerediyetha |
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| Ixesha lewaranti, iminyaka | 5 | |||
Ukuqwalasela ukuba zonke iinguqu zokusebenza zifezekiswa ngokulungiswa kwe-firmware yodwa, umbuzo wendalo uvela malunga nokuba i-2018 WD Black NVMe esele ikhutshwe iya kufumana ukuphuculwa okufanayo. Kwaye ngelishwa, impendulo nguhayi. I-Western Digital inqabile ukucacisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kutheni i-firmware ye-SN750 ingasetyenziswa kwi-SN720, kodwa sikholelwa ukuba i-firmware entsha ityhala isilawuli kwisantya esiphezulu sewotshi, kwaye nokuqinisekisa ukuba oku akubangeli naziphi na iingxaki, imithetho engqongqo isetyenziswa Iichips zeSN750 ngexesha leemfuno zemveliso zomgangatho weekristale ze-semiconductor. Enyanisweni, i-Western Digital isandul 'ukongeza isisombululo se-NVMe esisezantsi kuluhlu lwemveliso, i-Blue SN500, kwaye ngenxa yoko, inkampani ngoku inethuba lendalo lokwahlula abalawuli ngokusekelwe kumgangatho we-silicon ngaphandle kokunyusa izinga lesiphene.
Kunye nokunyusa umvandedwa wesilawuli, ukuhlengahlengiswa kwemigaqo yokusebenza ye-caching ye-SLC nako kunokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-Black SN750. Ukuba sithetha ngeBlack NVMe, i-cache ye-SLC kule drive ayizange iphantse yasebenza kakuhle. Abaphuhlisi basebenzise esona skimu silula, kwaye inani lememori ye-flash esebenza kwimowudi ekhawulezileyo yayincinci kakhulu - kuphela malunga ne-3 GB kuyo yonke i-250 GB ye-SSD. Kodwa inguqulelo entsha yeBlack SN750, ngelishwa, ayizange ifumane naluphi na uphuculo olubalulekileyo kweli cala. I-cache ye-SLC iphinda isebenze kwindawo emiselweyo yoluhlu lwememori ye-flash yobukhulu obufanayo. Ngenxa yoko, zonke izikhalazo ezindala malunga ne-Black SN750 SLC cache zihlala.
Njengomzekeliso, nantsi igrafu yemveli ebonisa ukuba imodeli ehlaziyiweyo yesiqingatha seterabyte WD Black SN750 ibonakala njani ngexesha lokurekhoda okulandelelanayo.
Ewe, le grafu iphantse yafana ngokupheleleyo nesantya sokubhala esilandelelanayo esisifumene kwiWD Black NVMe. Ngaphezu koko, oku akusebenzi kuphela kwisixa sedatha emva kokurekhoda apho kukho ukuhla kwentsebenzo, kodwa nakwixabiso elipheleleyo lesantya sokurekhoda.
Kodwa i-WD Black SN750 entsha isabonelela ngezinto ezintsha ezinzulu. Umzekelo, i-2 TB drive version sele ivele ngoku kuluhlu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ukuyidala, umenzi kufuneka asebenzise i-chips ye-512-gigabit endaweni ye-256-gigabit, kwaye oku, ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwiimeko ezinjalo, akuzange kube nefuthe elihle ekusebenzeni. Nokuba ngokweenkcukacha zepaspoti, i-2 TB drive iyacotha kune-1 TB drive.
Olwesibini olutsha olusisiseko kukubonakala kwendlela ekhethekileyo yokudlala kwi-SSD (iMowudi yokudlala), ejolise kubantu abathanda ukufumana eyona ntsebenzo ibalaseleyo. Kuyo, imisebenzi yokugcina amandla (i-Autonomous Power State Transitions) ivaliwe kwi-drive, evumela ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka ngexesha lokufikelela kokuqala kwidatha. Imowudi yemidlalo ye-Black SN750 inikwe amandla kwindawo yeDashboard yeDashboard yeNtshona yeDijithali, apho iswitshi ehambelanayo ngoku yongezwe.
Nangona kunjalo, akufanele ucinge ukuba iModi yeMidlalo luhlobo oluthile lwetekhnoloji yomlingo enokutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo imeko yokusebenza. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba ukunyuka kwezikhombisi phantse kungabonakali. Utshintsho oluncinci olungcono lubonakala kuphela kwiibhentshi zokwenziwa kwaye kuphela ngemisebenzi yebhloko encinci ngokungabikho komgca wesicelo.
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Nangona kunjalo, kwiinkqubo zedesktop sisengacebisa ukuba iModi yoMdlalo ingasebenzi. Isabonelela ngokunyusa ukusebenza, nangona incinci. Ngexesha elifanayo, le modi ayifaki nayiphi na imiphumo emibi, ngaphandle kokunyuka okuncinci kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, okungenakwenzeka ukuba kubonakale kwiikhomputha zedeskithophu.
Ngokumalunga neemeko zewaranti kunye nesibonelelo esibhengeziweyo, kule nkalo i-WD Black SN750 ifana ngokupheleleyo nemodeli yangaphambili. Ixesha lewaranti libekwe kwiminyaka emihlanu eqhelekileyo, apho umsebenzisi avunyelwe ukuba abhale ngokupheleleyo i-drive ngamaxesha angama-600. I-exception yenziwe kuphela kwi-version encinci kunye nomthamo we-250 GB: kuyo, isibonelelo sonyuswa ukuya kumaxesha angama-800 i-SSD iphinda ibhale ngexesha lobomi bayo benkonzo.
Ukubonakala kunye nokuhlelwa kwangaphakathi
Ngokulandelayo kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, i-WD Black SN750 luhlaziyo nje oluncinci lwe-WD Black NVMe yangaphambili enoluhlu oluncinci lweenguqu. Ke ngoko, ayimangalisi into yokuba iinguqulelo ezindala kunye ezintsha ze-drive ziyafana ngokwemigaqo yoyilo lwePCB. Uyilo lwayo alutshintshanga konke konke, kwaye kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukwahlula imodeli entsha ukusuka kwendala ukuba ukhupha isitika kuyo.
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I-SSD inoyilo olucalanye oluvumela ukuba lusetyenziswe kwiindawo zokubeka "iprofayili ephantsi". Umlawuli we-SanDisk ongumnikazi we-20-82-007011 usembindini webhodi, kwaye iichips ezimbini zeememori ze-flash zifumaneka emaphethelweni emodyuli ye-M.2. Oku kwenziwa ngenjongo - iinjineli ze-Western Digital zaqwalasela ukuba ngolu luhlu ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ine-topology elula, kwaye iphinda isombulule umba wokutshisa ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo.
Siye savavanya i-500 GB drive, kwaye uluhlu lwememori ekhanyayo kuyo yavela ukuba yenziwe iitshiphusi ezimbini, nganye kuzo ineekristale ezisibhozo ezingama-64-256 Gbit 3D TLC NAND (BiCS3) ezenziwe nguSanDisk. Ngenxa yoko, umlawuli weshaneli ezisibhozo ezibandakanyiweyo kwi-drive ephantsi koqwalaselo usebenzisa i-double interleaving yezixhobo kwisitishi ngasinye. Oku kudla ngokwaneleyo ukuba iqonga lehardware ye-SSD ifikelele kwisakhono sayo esipheleleyo.
I-DRAM buffer chip ifakwe ecaleni kwesilawuli, esiyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokukhawuleza kunye netafile yokuguqulela idilesi. Eli licandelo kuphela kwi-WD Black SN750 ethengwa ngumvelisi ngaphandle. Kule meko, i-chip ye-SK Hynix enomthamo we-512 MB isetyenzisiwe, kwaye kugxilwe kwimemori enesantya esiphezulu-i-DDR4-2400.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto entsha kuyo yonke le nto sabona into efanayo xa siqhelana neWD Black NVMe. Kodwa i-Western Digital yazama ukuhlawulela ukungabikho kweenguqu kuqwalaselo lwe-hardware ubuncinane utshintsho oluthile lwangaphandle. Umfanekiso wokudlala wakhethwa kwi-WD Black SN750, kwaye igxininiswe kuzo zonke iindlela ezikhoyo: okokuqala, ngoyilo lokupakisha kwaye okwesibini ngendlela isitikha solwazi kwi-SSD sibukeka ngayo.
Ibhokisi ye-WD Black SN750 yenziwe kwiskimu sombala omnyama, othathe indawo yoyilo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe, ifonti ye-monospace isetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo kuyilo, kwaye igama lokuqhuba ngoku libhalwe njenge WD_BLACK.
Isincamathelisi kwi-drive sikwayilwe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa hayi ngaphandle kweziphene. Nangona kunjalo, unokuxolelwa ngenxa yoko, kuba umenzi kufuneka abeke ulwazi oluninzi olusemthethweni, iilogo kunye neebhakhowudi kuyo.
Kuba iBlack SN750 ijolise ngokucacileyo kwabo bathanda, kuya kuba sengqiqweni ukuba isincamathelisi senziwe kwisiseko se-foil, abathi abanye abavelisi babhenele ekuphuculeni ukukhutshwa kobushushu kwiitshiphusi kwibhodi ye-SSD. Kodwa abaphuhlisi be-Western Digital bagqiba ekubeni bajongane nomcimbi wokupholisa ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye abo baxhalabileyo malunga nomcimbi wokupholisa, benza uhlengahlengiso olwahlukileyo lwe-Black SN750 kunye ne-radiator epheleleyo.
Le nguqulo yimveliso eyahlukileyo ebiza i-$ 20-$ 35 ngaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-Western Digital ikholelwa ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo kukho into yokuhlawula apha. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, i-heatsink esetyenzisiweyo ayisiyonto ilula, ingasebenziyo yokuphelisa ubushushu, leyo, umzekelo, iinkampani zenqanaba lesithathu zithanda ukuyifaka kwii-NVMe SSDs. KuBlack SN750 yibhloko yealuminiyam emnyama enkulu ngokufanelekileyo, imilo yayo eyayisetyenzwe ziinkosi zobuchule babo - iingcali ezimenywe yinkampani ye-EKWB.
Software
Iidrive ze-Western Digital zihlala ziza kunye nenkonzo yenkonzo yeDashboard ye-SSD efanayo, ephumeza yonke imisebenzi esisiseko yokuyikhonza. Kodwa ngokukhululwa kwenguqu entsha ye-flagship ye-NVMe SSD, itshintshile ngokuphawulekayo: inenguqu entsha emnyama ye-interface, evuliwe ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba i-utility ibona umdlalo we-Black SN750 kwinkqubo.
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Kwangaxeshanye, ubunakho be-utility buhlala buphantse bufane, kwaye akukho mntu unokumangalisa. Ngapha koko, kuphela iswitshi yeMowudi yeMidlalo yongezwa kwiseti eqhelekileyo yemisebenzi. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba asanelisekanga nantoni na: akukho zikhalazo malunga nenkqubo yeDashboard ye-SSD, kuba ihlala enye yezona nkonzo zigcweleyo ezipheleleyo zohlobo lwayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeDashboard ye-SSD: ukufumana ulwazi malunga ne-SSD efakwe kwisistim, kubandakanywa nedatha kwi-resource eseleyo kunye neemeko zokushisa zangoku; esweni ngexesha lokwenyani ukusebenza drive; Uhlaziyo lweFirmware nge-Intanethi okanye kwifayile; ukwenza umsebenzi wokuCima ngokuKhuselekileyo kunye nokucima nayiphi na idata kwimemori edanyazayo ngokuyinyanzela ukuba ibe zero; Yenza uvavanyo lwe-SMART kwaye ujonge iimpawu ze-SMART.
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Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amathuba okutolika iiparamitha ze-SMART ezifakwe kwiDashboard ye-SSD zityebile ngandlel’ ithile kunolwazi olunokufunyanwa kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo zomntu wesithathu.
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Kodwa akukho mqhubi weNVMe ongumnini weWD Black SN750. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka usebenze nayo ngomqhubi wenkqubo esebenzayo, kwiipropathi zayo, ukonyusa ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwiibenchmarks eziqhelekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhangele ibhokisi ecaleni kokhetho “Khubaza ukugungxula irekhodi le-cache buffer. kwesi sixhobo."
umthombo: 3dnews.ru