Kwinxalenye yesibini yenqaku ngumlobi wethu wezobugcisa u-Andrey Starovoitov, siya kujonga ukuba ngokuchanekileyo ixabiso lokuguqulelwa kwamaxwebhu obugcisa lenziwa njani. Ukuba awufuni ukufunda itekisi eninzi, jonga ngokukhawuleza icandelo elithi "Imizekelo" ekupheleni kwenqaku.
Unokufunda inxalenye yokuqala yenqaku .
Ke, ugqibe kwelokuba uza kusebenzisana nabani kuguqulelo lwesoftware. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiingxoxo zihlala zixoxwa ngexabiso leenkonzo. Yintoni kanye kanye ekuza kufuneka uyihlawule?
(Ekubeni inkampani nganye yokuguqulela yahlukile, asibangi ukuba yonke into iya kuhamba ngendlela echazwe ngezantsi kuwe. Nangona kunjalo, ndabelana ngamava am apha)
1) Igama le-UI & Doc
Akukhathaliseki nokuba ucela ukuguqulela i-gui okanye uxwebhu, abaguquleli bahlawulisa igama ngalinye. Ukuhlawula ngegama ngalinye linqaku eliphambili kwingxoxo yexabiso.
Umzekelo, uya kuguqulela isoftware kwisiJamani. Inkampani yokuguqulela ikuxelela ukuba ixabiso ngegama ngalinye liya kuba yi-$ 0.20 (onke amaxabiso kwinqaku akwiidola zase-US, amaxabiso aqikelelweyo).
Nokuba uyavuma okanye awuvumi - zibonele ngokwakho. Ungazama ukuthengiselana.
2) Iyure yolwimi
Iinkampani zoguqulo zinenani elincinane lamagama ekufuneka athunyelwe ukuze aguqulelwe. Umzekelo, 250 amagama. Ukuba uthumela ngaphantsi, kuya kufuneka uhlawule "iyure yeelwimi" (umzekelo, i-$ 40).
Ngokubanzi, xa uthumela ngaphantsi kobuncinci obufunekayo, iinkampani zinokuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ukuba ufuna ngokukhawuleza ukuguqulela amabinzana angama-1-2, abanye bangayenza simahla njengesipho kumxhasi. Ukuba ufuna ukuguqulela amagama angama-50-100, banokucwangcisa ngesaphulelo seeyure ze-0.5.
3) Igama le-UI & Doc lokuthengisa
Ezinye iinkampani zoguqulo zibonelela ngenkonzo “yoguqulo olukhethekileyo”-idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kukho into efuna ukuguqulelwa ukuthengisa.
Uguqulelo olunjalo luya kwenziwa "yingqondi yolwimi" enamava owazi iqela lezaci, osebenzisa i-epithets ngokufanelekileyo, okwaziyo ukulungelelanisa isivakalisi ukuze isicatshulwa sibe nomtsalane ngakumbi, sihlale sikhumbula ixesha elide, njl.
Iindleko zenguqulelo enjalo ziya kuthi, ngokufanelekileyo, zibize kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umrhumo wokuguqulela okulula yi-$ 0.20 ngegama ngalinye, ngoko inguqulelo "ekhethekileyo" yi-$ 0.23.
4) Iyure yolwimi yokuthengisa
Ukuba ufuna ukwenza inguqulelo "ekhethekileyo", kodwa uthumela ngaphantsi kobuncinci obusekwe yinkampani, kuya kufuneka uhlawule "iyure ekhethekileyo yolwimi".
Iyure enjalo iya kuba yindleko ngakumbi kunesiqhelo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ixabiso lesiqhelo liyi-40 yeedola, ngoko ekhethekileyo malunga ne-$ 45.
Kodwa kwakhona, inkampani inokudibana nawe phakathi. Ukuba inxalenye yokubhaliweyo incinci ngenene, banokuyiguqulela kwisiqingatha seyure.
5) Imali ye-PM
Kwangexesha lothetha-thethwano lokuqala, iparameter efana "nomvuzo womphathi" yaxoxwa. Yintoni?
Kwiinkampani ezinkulu zokuguqulela, unikwa umphathi wakho. Uthumela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyiguqulela kuye, kwaye sele ewenza wonke umsebenzi wombutho:
- ukuba izixhobo zakho kufuneka zilungiselelwe ukuguqulelwa, ngoko umphathi ubathumele kwiinjineli (ngaphezulu koku kamva);
- ukuba inkampani inee-odolo ezininzi kunye nabaguquleli abaninzi (izithethi zomthonyama) kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ngoko umphathi uya kuxoxisana ukuba ngubani kubo ngoku ukhululekile kwaye uya kukwazi ukugqiba ngokukhawuleza ukuguqulela;
— ukuba abaguquleli banemibuzo malunga nokuguqulelwa, umphathi uya kukubuza, aze adlulisele impendulo kubaguquleli;
— ukuba ukudluliselwa kungxamisekile, umphathi uya kuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngubani na onokusebenza ixesha elongezelelekileyo;
- ukuba ufuna ukuguqulela, kwaye abaguquleli kwelinye ilizwe baneholide kawonkewonke, ngoko umphathi uya kukhangela umntu onokuthatha indawo yabo, njl., njl.
Ngamanye amazwi, umphathi likhonkco phakathi kwakho nabaguquleli. Uthumela izixhobo zokuguqulela + into ukuze icace (izimvo, iifoto zesikrini, iividiyo) kwaye yiyo loo nto- emva koko umphathi uya kukhathalela yonke enye into. Uya kukwazisa xa udluliselo lufika.
Umphathi naye ufumana intlawulo yawo wonke lo msebenzi. Ihlala iqukwa kwiindleko zomyalelo, yinto eyahlukileyo kwaye ibalwa njengepesenti yomyalelo. Umzekelo, 6%.
6) Iyure yobunjineli bendawo
Ukuba into oyithumeleyo ukuguqulelwa iqulethe ii-ID ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, iithegi, njl.njl ezingadingi kuguqulelwa, ngoko ke inkqubo yokuguqulela ezenzekelayo (isixhobo seCAT) isazibala kwaye iquke kwixabiso lokugqibela.
Ukuze ugweme oku, isicatshulwa esinjalo sinikezelwa kuqala kwiinjineli, eziqhuba ngeskripthi, zitshixe kwaye zisuse yonke into engafuneki ukuba iguqulelwe. Ngoko ke, awuyi kuhlawuliswa ezi zinto.
Wakuba umbhalo uguqulelwe, uqhutywa ngesinye iskripthi esongeza ezi ngongoma emva kombhalo osele uguqulelwe.
Kwiinkqubo ezinjalo intlawulo emiselweyo ihlawuliswa "njengeyure yobunjineli". Umzekelo $34.
Njengomzekelo, makhe sijonge imifanekiso emi-2. Nanku umbhalo oze ukuguqulelwa kumxhasi (enezazisi kunye neethegi):
Nantsi into abaza kuyifumana abaguquleli emva kokuba iinjineli ziqhube isicatshulwa:
Kukho iingenelo ezi-2 apha - 1) izinto ezingafunekiyo zisusiwe kwixabiso, 2) abaguquleli akufuneki bafake iithegi kunye nezinye izinto - mancinci amathuba okuba umntu adibanise kwindawo ethile.
7) Imodeli yokuchithwa kwesixhobo se-CAT
Kwiinguqulelo, iinkampani zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezizisebenzelayo ezibizwa ngokuba yiCAT tools (Computer-Assisted Translation tools). Imizekelo yezo nkqubo ziiTrados, Transit, Memoq nezinye.
Oku akuthethi ukuba ikhompyutha iya kuguqulela. Ezo nkqubo zinceda ukwenza iNkumbulo yoGuqulelo ukuze ungaguquleli into esele iguqulelwe. Zikwanceda ukuqonda ukuba iinguqulelo ezenziwe ngaphambili zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwezintsha. Ezi nkqubo zinceda ukudibanisa isigama, ukuphula isicatshulwa kwiindidi kunye nokuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba yimalini kunye nento yokuhlawula, njl.
Xa uthumela umbhalo wokuguqulela, uqhutywa ngenkqubo enjalo - ihlalutya isicatshulwa, ithelekise kunye nememori ekhoyo yokuguqulela (ukuba kukho enye) kwaye yahlula isicatshulwa ngokweendidi. Icandelo ngalinye liya kuba nexabiso lalo, kwaye la maxabiso yenye inqaku lengxoxo kwiingxoxo.
Ngokomzekelo, makhe sibe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni, sinxibelelana nenkampani yokuguqulela size siyibuze ukuba kuya kuba yimalini ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kwisiJamani. Saxelelwa i-0.20 yeedola ngegama ngalinye. Kwaye ke babiza amaxabiso eendidi ezahlukeneyo apho isicatshulwa sahlulwe khona ngexesha lokuhlalutya:
1) Udidi Akukho mdlalo okanye amagama amatsha – 100%. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba akukho nto ingaphinda isetyenziswe kwimemori yokuguqulela, ke ixabiso elipheleleyo lithathwa - kumzekelo wethu, i-$ 0.20 ngegama ngalinye.
2) Umdlalo womxholo wodidi – 0%. Ukuba ibinzana lihambelana ngokupheleleyo nelinye eliguqulelwe ngaphambili kwaye isivakalisi esizayo asitshintshanga, ngoko ke uguqulelo olunjalo luya kukhululeka - luya kusetyenziswa kwakhona kwimemori yokuguqulela.
3) Uphinda-phindo lweCandelo okanye umdlalo we-100% - 25%. Ukuba ibinzana liphindwe kaninzi kwisicatshulwa, baya kuhlawulisa i-25% yexabiso ngegama ngalinye (kumzekelo wethu kuvela ukuba yi-$ 0.05). Lo mrhumo uthatyathelwa umguquli ukujonga ukuba ukuguqulelwa kwebinzana kuya kufundwa njani kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
4) Udidi oluphantsi-fuzzy (75-94%) - 60%. Ukuba inguqulelo ekhoyo ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngu-75-94%, ngoko iya kuhlawuliswa kwi-60% yexabiso ngegama ngalinye. Kumzekelo wethu kuvela ukuba i-$ 0.12.
Nantoni na engaphantsi kwe-75% iya kubiza ngokufanayo negama elitsha - i-$ 0.20.
5) Udidi oluphezulu-fuzzy (95-99%) - 30%. Ukuba inguqulelo ekhoyo ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngu-95-99%, ngoko iya kuhlawuliswa kwi-30% yexabiso ngegama ngalinye. Kumzekelo wethu, oku kuphuma kwi-0.06 yeedola.
Konke oku akulula ukukuqonda ngokufunda isicatshulwa esinye.
Makhe sijonge imizekelo ethile - khawucinge ukuba siye saqalisa ukusebenzisana nenkampani ethile saza sathumela iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulela.
IMIZEKELO:
Isahlulo 1: (inkumbulo yoguqulelo ayinanto)
Ngoko, uqale ukusebenza nenkampani entsha yokuguqulela kwaye wacela into yokuguqulelwa okokuqala. Umzekelo, esi sivakalisi:
Umatshini wenyani yikopi efanisiweyo yekhompyuter ebonakalayo enokusetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yenginginya.
Izimvo: Inkqubo iya kubona ukuba inkumbulo yokuguqulela ayinanto - akukho nto iphinda isetyenziswe. Inani lamagama ngama-21. Onke achazwa njengamatsha, kwaye ixabiso lenguqulelo enjalo liya kuba: 21 x $0.20 = $4.20
Isahluko sesi-2: (makhe sicinge ukuba ngesizathu esithile uthumele isivakalisi esifanayo ukuze siguqulelwe okokuqala)
Umatshini wenyani yikopi efanisiweyo yekhompyuter ebonakalayo enokusetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yenginginya.
Inkcazo: Kule meko, inkqubo iya kubona ukuba isivakalisi esinjalo sele siguqulelwe, kwaye umxholo (isivakalisi esingaphambili) awuzange utshintshe. Ngoko ke, ukuguqulelwa okunjalo kunokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye akudingeki ukuba uhlawule nantoni na. Ixabiso-0.
ISahlulo sesi-3: (uthumela isivakalisi esifanayo ukuze siguqulelwe, kodwa ekuqaleni kongezwe isivakalisi esitsha samagama ama-5)
Yintoni umatshini wenyani? Umatshini wenyani yikopi efanisiweyo yekhompyuter ebonakalayo enokusetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yenginginya.
Izimvo: Inkqubo iya kubona isithembiso esitsha samagama e-5 kwaye siyibale ngexabiso elipheleleyo - $ 0.20 x 5 = $ 1. Kodwa isivakalisi sesibini singqinelana ngokupheleleyo nesiguqulelwe ngaphambili, kodwa umxholo utshintshile (isivakalisi songezwa ngaphambili). Ngoko ke, iya kufakwa njengomdlalo we-100% kwaye ibalwe njenge-$ 0.05 x 21 = $ 1,05. Esi sixa-mali siya kuhlawuliswa ukuba umguquleli ajonge ukuba inguqulelo ekhoyo yesivakalisi sesibini ingaphinda isetyenziswe - akuyi kubakho kuphikisana kwegrama okanye kwesemantic okunxulumene nokuguqulelwa kwesivakalisi esitsha.
ISahlulo sesi-4: (makhe sicinge ukuba ngeli xesha uthumele into efanayo nakwinxalenye yesi-3, ngotshintsho olunye kuphela - izithuba ezi-2 phakathi kwezivakalisi)
Yintoni umatshini wenyani? Umatshini wenyani yikopi efanisiweyo yekhompyuter ebonakalayo enokusetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yenginginya.
Izimvo: Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-screenshot, inkqubo ayijongi le meko njengenguqu kumxholo - ukuguqulelwa kwamabinzana omabini ngendlela efanayo sele ikhona kwimemori yokuguqulela, kwaye ingaphinda isetyenziswe. Ngoko ke ixabiso ngu-0.
ISahlulo sesi-5: (thumela ibinzana elifanayo njengakwicandelo loku-1, tshintsha nje “i” ukuya “kwi”)
Umatshini wenyani yikopi efanisiweyo yekhompyuter ebonakalayo enokusetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yenginginya.
Izimvo: Inkqubo ibona olu tshintsho kwaye ibala ukuba inguqulelo ekhoyo ingaphinda isetyenziswe nge-97%. Kutheni ngokuchanekileyo i-97%, kwaye kumzekelo olandelayo kunye notshintsho oluncinci olufanayo - 99%? Imithetho yokwahlula iqiniswe kwingqiqo yangaphakathi yenkqubo ngabaphuhlisi bayo. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokwahlulahlula . Ngesiqhelo basebenzisa imithetho emiselweyo yokwahlulahlula, kodwa kwezinye iisistim zinokutshintshwa ukwandisa ukuchaneka nokuchaneka kokubhaliweyo okubhaliweyo kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela onokuyitshintsha ngayo imithetho yecandelo kwi-memoQ .
Ngoko, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa kwakhona ukuguqulelwa kwe-97% kuchaza amagama kwi-High-fizzy isigaba, kwaye, ngokomzekelo wethu, ixabiso lenguqulelo enjalo iya kuba yi-$ 0.06 x 21 = $ 1,26. Eli xabiso lithathwa ngenxa yokuba umguquleli uya kukhangela ukuba ukuguqulelwa kwenxalenye etshintshileyo kwintsingiselo kunye negrama iphikisana nayo yonke inguqulelo, eya kuthathwa kwimemori yenkqubo.
Umzekelo onikeziweyo ulula kwaye awubonakalisi ukubaluleka ngokupheleleyo kweso tshekhi. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuguqulelwa kwenxalenye entsha ngokubambisana nendala kuhlala "ifundeka kwaye iyaqondakala".
ISahlulo sesi-6: (sithumela ukuba kuguqulelwe ibinzana elifanayo njengakwinxalenye 1, kuphela isiphumlisi esongezwa emva “kwekhompyutha”)
Umatshini wenyani yikopi efanisiweyo yekhompyuter ebonakalayo, enokusetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yenginginya.
Izimvo: Yonke into apha iyafana nenxalenye ye-5, inkqubo kuphela, ngokwengqiqo yayo yangaphakathi, inquma ukuba inguqulelo ekhoyo ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngu-99%.
ISahlulo sesi-7: (sithumela ukuguqulelwa kwesivakalisi esifana nesahlulo sokuqala, kodwa ngeli xesha isiphelo sitshintshile)
Umatshini wenyani yikopi efanisiweyo yekhompyuter ebonakalayo enokusetyenziswa kunye nezona zidumileyo ii-OS.
Inkcazo: Inkqubo iya kubona ukuba isiphelo sitshintshile kwaye siya kubala ukuba ngeli xesha inguqulelo ekhoyo ingasetyenziswa kwakhona nge-92%. Kule meko, amagama awela kwi-Low-fuzzy category, kwaye ixabiso le nguqulelo liya kubalwa njenge-$ 0.12 x 21 = $ 2,52. Eli xabiso lihlawuliswa kungekuphela nje ukuguqulela amagama amatsha, kodwa kwakhona ukujonga indlela inguqulelo endala evumelana ngayo nentsha.
ISahlulo sesi-8: (sithumela isivakalisi esitsha sokuguqulelwa, esiyinxalenye yokuqala yesivakalisi ukusuka kwinxalenye yoku-1)
Umatshini wenyani yikopi efanisiweyo yekhompyuter ebonakalayo.
Izimvo: Emva kokuhlalutya, inkqubo ibona ukuba inguqulelo ekhoyo ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngu-57%, kodwa lo mlinganiso awubandakanyi kwi-High-fuzzy okanye i-Low-fuzzy. Ngokwesivumelwano, yonke into engaphantsi kwe-75% itolikwa njengoNomdlalo. Ngokuhambelanayo, ixabiso libalwe ngokupheleleyo, njengamagama amatsha - $ 0.20 x 11 = $ 2,20.
ISahlulo sesi-9: (thumela isivakalisi esinesiqingatha sebinzana eliguqulelwe ngaphambili kunye nesiqingatha selinye elitsha)
Umatshini obonakalayo yikopi efanisiweyo yekhompyuter ebonakalayo enokuphathwa njengePC yokwenyani ukuba usebenza nayo ngeRDP.
Izimvo: Inkqubo ibona ukuba inguqulelo ekhoyo ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngama-69%. Kodwa, njengakwicandelo lesi-8, lo mlinganiselo awuweli ku-High-fuzzy okanye kwi-Low-fuzzy. Ngokufanelekileyo, ixabiso liya kubalwa njengamagama amatsha: $ 0.20 x 26 = $ 5,20.
ISahlulo se-10 : (sithumela isivakalisi esitsha sokuguqulelwa, esiquka ngokupheleleyo amagama afanayo nezivakalisi eziguqulelwe ngaphambili, kodwa la magama kuphela akuluhlu olwahlukileyo)
Ikhompyutha ebonakalayo elinganisiweyo esebenza kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yenginginya ibizwa ngokuba ngumatshini wenyani.
Izimvo: Nangona onke la magama eguqulelwe ngaphambili, le nkqubo ibona ukuba ngeli xesha akwindlela entsha ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, iwahlula kudidi lwamagama amatsha kwaye ibala ixabiso lokuguqulela ngokupheleleyo - $ 0.20 x 16 = $ 3,20.
ISahlulo se-11: (sithumela ukuguqulelwa kwesicatshulwa esithile apho isivakalisi esinye siphindwe kabini)
Ngaba uyafuna ukonga imali? Thenga iParallels Desktop kwaye usebenzise zombini usetyenziso lweWindows kunye neMacOS kwikhompyuter enye ngaphandle kokuphinda uqalise. Ngaba uyafuna ukonga imali? Sitsalele umnxeba ngoku kwaye ufumane isaphulelo.
Izimvo: Emva kokuhlalutya, inkqubo ibona ukuba esinye sezivakalisi sisetyenziswe kabini. Ngoko ke, amagama ama-6 avela kwisivakalisi esiphindaphindiweyo aqukiwe kudidi loPhindo, aze amanye angama-30 aseleyo aqukwe kudidi lwamagama amatsha. Iindleko zokudluliselwa okunjalo ziya kubalwa njenge-$ 0.05 x 6 + $ 0.20 x 30 = $ 6,30. Ixabiso lesivakalisi esiphindaphindiweyo lithathwa ukujonga ukuba ukuguqulelwa kwayo (xa kwakuguqulelwe okokuqala) kunokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwimeko entsha.
Isiphelo:
Emva kokuvumelana ngamaxabiso, isivumelwano sisayinwa apho la maxabiso aya kulungiswa. Ukongezelela, i-NDA (isivumelwano esingenakuchazwa) sisayinwe - isivumelwano apho omabini amaqela athatha ukuba angabonakali ulwazi lwangaphakathi lomlingane kunoma ubani.
Ngokwesi sivumelwano, inkampani yoguqulo ikwathembisa ukunika inkumbulo yoguqulo kwimeko yokuyekiswa kwesivumelwano. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze ungashiywa nomkhombe ongenanto ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokutshintsha i-localizer. Enkosi kwinkumbulo yoguqulo, uya kuba nazo zonke iinguqulelo ezenziwe ngaphambili, kwaye inkampani entsha inokuphinda izisebenzise.
Ngoku ungaqala ukusebenzisana.
umthombo: www.habr.com