Molo %igama lomsebenzisi.
Ngelixa usomba isixhobo sakho, siqhubeleka nesihloko sebhiya, esele sisigubungele ngokuyinxenye. , kancinci kancinci - , kodwa asipheli apho!
Ndivuyiswa kakhulu kukuba ekugqibeleni ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndolule oku kuluhlu lwamanqaku, kuba ukusuka kumazwana ndiye ndafumanisa ukuba imiba emininzi ebonakala ingabalulekanga kwasekuqaleni kufuneka iqwalaselwe - kwaye ukuba bendibhale inqaku elinye, bekuya kuba engaphelelanga, okanye inde kakhulu kwaye iyadika.
Kwaye ke - sele sinenxalenye yesithathu kwaye, ndiyathemba, akukho nto inomdla. Kwaye ndiyibhala ngamabomu kwangoko ngeCawa, ukuze ndingonakalisi ukuqala kweveki yomsebenzi. Ndiza kuyichitha kunye namacandelo alandelayo :)
Yiya.
Ndiza kuqala ngembali ethenjisiweyo yeGuinness kunye noSuku lukaSt.
Iholide ephambili yaseIreland sele idityaniswe ngamandla nombala oluhlaza, iiparade, iileprechauns ezinxilisayo ezibomvu kunye nebhiya yeGuinness. Kodwa oku kuyamangalisa - emva koko, yintoni iSt. Patrick kwaye, ngokwenene, ukwamkelwa kobuKristu e-Ireland kunento yokwenza no-Arthur Guinness kunye nefektri yakhe, eyavela emva kwexesha elide?
Kodwa enyanisweni, akukho nanye - ngaphezu koko: kude kube yi-60 yenkulungwane edlulileyo, zonke ii-pubs zavalwa ngoSuku lweSt. Patrick, ngoko ke ukuthengisa nayiphi na i-alcohol, kubandakanywa nobhiya, kwakungavumelekanga, okuchanekileyo, emva kwayo yonke into, iholide ngokuyinhloko ijika inkolo. . Kodwa ekubeni amaIreland engabantu baseIreland, ngoMatshi 17, ngokuhambelana nokwamkelwa kobuKristu eIreland, abantu kwangaxeshanye bayayihlonela inkcubeko yaseIreland.
Enyanisweni, yayiyi "nkcubeko" yeholide abavelisi baseGuinness abayibambayo. Abenzi botywala base-Ireland abasakhasayo, abanohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu, abakhange bakhuthaze iimveliso zabo ngexesha leholide kuphela, kodwa bakwaphembelela ukubamba kwayo kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ubungazi, %igama lomsebenzisi%, kodwa eMalaysia babhiyozela uSuku lweSt. Patrick ngokubekekileyo ngenxa yolwahlulo lwasekhaya lwenkampani. EKhanada, apho iholide sele idume kakhulu, abameli beshishini lotywala ngokubanzi bakhuthaza ukuba ibe yiholide yesizwe.
Ngokubanzi, kufuneka siyinike inkampani imfanelo yayo: yenze yonke into ukuze xa abantu besiva igama elithi "Ireland," into yokuqala abayikhumbulayo yi-stout edumileyo kwaye bayithathele ingqalelo ngokunyanisekileyo njengebhiya ephambili yeholide. Ngokwezibalo, ukuthengiswa kweGuinness kwanda malunga namaxesha angama-10 ngoSuku lukaSt. Funda ukuthengisa ngobuchule, %igama lomsebenzisi%!
Siza kuthetha ngeGuinness ngaphezu kweyodwa, kodwa okwangoku siza kuqhubeka malunga nezithako zebhiya. Sinento encinci kakhulu eshiyekileyo - kwaye zonke zikhetho.
Hop.
Ngoko ke, masiqale ngento yokuba iihops (lat. HΓΊmulus) luhlobo lwezityalo ezidubulayo zosapho lweHemp. Ewe, ewe, iicones zehop zizalamane zezo cones kakhulu abanye oomalumekazi kunye noomalume abanomdla kakhulu kubukho bebalcony yakho. Kodwa masiyisuse ngokukhawuleza enye yeentsomi: i-hops, ngokuchasene nentsingiselo yegama elithi "unxila" kunye nobukho bezihlobo ezingathandabuzekiyo kwintsapho, azichaphazeli nangayiphi na indlela amandla ebhiya, kodwa zibe nefuthe elincinci lokuthomalalisa, amandla angaphantsi kune valerian. I-Valocordin, i-Valosedan, i-Novo-Passit, i-Korvaldin, i-Sedavit, i-Urolesan ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-hops okanye amacandelo ayo. Sithethe inyani: butywala obu bunxilisayo hayi iihops ezithi ziphumle zizipholele.
"Iicones" zehops ziqulethe i-8-prenylnaringenin, into eyinxalenye yeklasi ye-phytoestrogens (i-phyto-plant, i-estrogen - ihomoni yesondo yabasetyhini), enika i-hops umsebenzi we-estrogenic. Kwiimvavanyo kwiigundane ezithenwe kunye neempuku zeentsana, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-70% ye-hop extract kwi-dose ye-10-30 mg yenza i-estrus okanye i-proestrus. Ukulawulwa kwansuku zonke kwe-hop extract kwizilwanyana iintsuku ezili-12 kwandisa ubunzima bophondo lwe-uterine ngamaxesha angama-4,1. Ukongezwa kwe-8-isoprenylnaringenin kumanzi okusela amagundane e-ovariectomized kubangele ukuvuselela i-estrogenic ye-epithelium yangasese. Nangona kunjalo, umphumo waphunyezwa kwi-concentration ubuncinane ye-100 ΞΌg / ml, amaxesha angama-500 aphezulu kunomxholo we-8-isoprenylnaringenin kwibhiya.
Zininzi izinto ezityholwayo malunga nefuthe le-phytoestrogens evela kwi-hops kwibhiya emzimbeni womntu: abafazi ababandakanyekayo ekuvuneni iihops baye baphazamiseka imijikelo yabo, amadoda aye alahlekelwa sisidima esibi - nangona kunjalo, iimvakalelo aziyithatheli ngqalelo into yokuba. Iphytoestrogen equlethwe kwiihops iphantse ibe buthathaka ngamaxesha angama-5000 kune-estrogen yezilwanyana. Ngoko ke, ukuze ukhule amabele amahle, aqinileyo, kuya kufuneka usele malunga neetoni ezi-5-10 zebhiya yonke imihla. Ngoko ulibale konke malunga namagama othusayo "estrus" kunye ne "proestrus", yeka ukuzama kwiimpondo zakho kwaye ukhangele i-epithelium yangasese - okanye kungcono, uthele enye iglasi.
IiHops sisithako esinokuzikhethela kwibhiya. Ngaphambili, imifuno ekhethekileyo yayisetyenziselwa endaweni yokuvelisa, kodwa injongo yayisefana: ukulinganisa ubumnandi be-malt kunye nokukrakra kwemifuno. Ubhiya bunokwenziwa ngaphandle kwe-hops, kodwa kule meko iya kuphuma ingalingani kwaye ingenancasa.
IiHops zichaphazela iimpawu eziphawulekayo zebhiya: ivumba, incasa jikelele kwaye, ngokukodwa, iqondo lokukrakra. Ubukrakra sisilathisi esiphambili; Ukongeza iihops kumanqanaba okuqala emveliso yebhiya kuya kwandisa ubukrakra kwaye kutshintshe ngokubonakalayo incasa, kwaye kumanqanaba amva kuya kuchaphazela ikakhulu ivumba - i-citrus, iziqhamo zothando, iintyatyambo, imango, i-herbal, umhlaba kunye namanye amavumba ebhiya avela kwiihops. , kwaye hayi kwizongezo ezintle, ukuqala ngonobumba "E" kunye namanani emva. Kodwa ungazicebisi, %username%: enye yevumba elimnandi lebhiya ngumxube wevumba lomchamo wekati kunye ne-currant emnyama - esi siphumo siphunyezwa ngoxinaniso olukhulu lwe-Simcoe hops, kodwa ivumba lekofu esandula ukwenziwa. , enokuthi ikutsalele kwi-pub elandelayo - ngokuchaseneyo, iphunga elimnandi kwaye libhekwa njengelingamkelekanga kwibhiya. Kubonakala ngenxa ye-oxidation ye-hops xa ibhiya isesichengeni sokukhanya kwelanga - ngaphezulu koko kamva.
Njengemalt, iintlobo ngeentlobo zebhiya zinokuveliswa kusetyenziswa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeehops, zongezwa ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ngale ndlela, incasa enomdla kakhulu kunye neempawu zevumba lesiselo zinokufezekiswa, kwaye ke inani elikhulu leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeehops zotywala ziyalinywa kwihlabathi, kwaye iintlobo ezintsha zivela minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ziintlobo ezininzi zeshumi elinambini, ezona zidumileyo zivela kwiRiphabhliki yaseCzech nase-USA. Enye yezona hops zidumileyo nezaziwayo yiSaaz, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiZhatetsky. Isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwenani elikhulu leentlobo ze-lagers, enika ubukrakra obufihlakeleyo kunye nephunga elimnandi elibonakalayo lomhlaba elinobuqhophololo kunye namanqaku emifuno. Ukuba usele iibhiya zakudala zaseCzech okanye, yithi, iStella Artois lager, ngoko uqhelene nale nto ndithetha ngayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hops ecinezelweyo ngendlela ye-granules isetyenziselwa imveliso (kukho uluvo lokuba le nto yayiyenye yezizathu zokubonakala kwenkolelo malunga nebhiya ye-powder): ngale ndlela igcinwa ixesha elide kwaye igcina iimpawu zayo, kunye nomgangatho. yebhiya ayisokoli nangayiphi na indlela.
EBelgium, amagqabi e-hop kunye namahlumela amancinci asetyenziselwa isaladi kwaye yongezwa kwiisuphu kunye neesosi. E-Romania, amahlumela amancinci asetyenziswa njenge-asparagus. Ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo, iihops bezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yokubhaka ukubhaka izonka kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo zeconfectionery. Iihops zikwasetyenziswa ekuveliseni kungekuphela nje ibhiya, kodwa newayini yobusi: ziphucula iimpawu zayo ze-organoleptic, zikhuthaza ukucaciswa kwendalo kwe wayini yobusi kwaye ziyikhusele ekuvuthweni.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo yeehops xa kusenziwa utywala zii<em>alpha acids zazo. Eli ligama elinikwe iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo ezifana ne-humulone.
Nantsi i-humulon entle
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ze-hop, iimeko zokukhula kwayo, ubudala ngexesha lokuvuna kunye nenkqubo yokomisa, ukugxilwa kwe-humulone kunokwahluka, umzekelo:
- I-Cascade 4.5-8%
- Centennial 9-11.5%
- Chinook 12-14%
- East Kent Goldings 4.5-7%
- Hallertauer Hersbrucker 2.5-5%
- Intaba Ihood 3.5-8%
- Saaz 2-5%
- I-Styrian Goldings 4.5-7%
- Willamette 4-7%
Ngendlela, kufuneka kuthiwe ngaphezu kwe-humulone kukho kwakhona i-cohumulone, i-adhumulon, i-posthumulon kunye ne-prehumulon. Ukongeza, kukho i-beta acids: i-lupulone, i-colupulone kunye ne-adlupulone. Badlulisa ubukrakra oburhabaxa kancinci kwibhiya kune alpha acid. Kodwa, ekubeni zinganyibiliki kakuhle, igalelo labo lincinci kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko i-alpha male acids iyaphumelela.
Xa ishushu, i-alpha acid ingena kwi-isomerization, ngoko ke isohumulone yenziwa ukusuka ku-humulone:
I-isohumulone eyamkelwa njengomgangatho wobukrakra kwi-Chamber of Weights and Measures Isishunqulelo esingaqondakaliyo se-IBU, esimele i-International Bitterness Units, ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba yeyiphi i-isohumulone emanzini kwi-mg / l ehambelana nobukrakra bebhiya ethile. . Kukholelwa ukuba umda wokubona ubukrakra ebantwini umalunga ne-120 IBU. Nantoni na enkulu kuneli xabiso iyakubonwa ngokulinganayo. Oku kufanelekile ukukhumbula xa udibana nebhiya ethengiswayo enamanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu okukrakra ngaphandle koko, akukho sizathu sokusela ibhiya ene-IBU ephantsi emva kwexabiso eliphezulu - i-taste buds iya "kuvaleka" kwaye uya kuba lula. ndiyayixabisa incasa.
Ngendlela, i-beta acids ayifani njenge-alpha acids. Endaweni yoko, bacotha i-oxidize. Ekubeni le nkqubo ithatha ixesha elide, xa ibhiya ivundisiwe kwaye igugile, umphumo unamandla ngakumbi kwaye uphawuleka ngakumbi.
I-Isohumulone yenye ye-iso-alpha acids, kodwa zonke zinenye impembelelo ebalulekileyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo: zinefuthe le-bacteriostatic kwiibhaktheriya ezininzi zegram-positive. Okokuqala, oku kucinezela ukwanda kweebhaktheriya ezijongene ne-lactic acid fermentation - oko kukuthi, ikhusela ibhiya ekumuncu. Kwelinye icala, i-iso-alpha acids ayisebenzi kwiibhaktheriya zegram-negative, kwaye ngoko ke umdidiyeli wotywala kufuneka abeke iliso kucoceko kunye nobunyumba ukuba ufuna ukufumana ibhiya ekugqibeleni, kwaye hayi ivumba elibi kwaye limuncu.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo ezi zinto, kuyacaca ukuba kutheni kwi-Middle Ages ibhiya yayikhethwa endaweni yamanzi: iphunga kunye nencasa yesiselo yayibubungqina obubalaseleyo bokungcoliswa kwayo kunye neebhaktheriya, ezingenakuthiwa ngamanzi ngokwawo.
I-Iso-alpha acids, nangona kunjalo, njengezinye izinto ezibandakanyiweyo kwi-hops, zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-foam: ukuba i-malt ibangele ukubunjwa kwegwebu, i-hops iyakuchaphazela ukuzingisa kwayo. Oku, ngendlela, kubonakala ngokukodwa kumzekelo we-lagers ezilula ezinobunzima obuphantsi: ukugalela i-Miller kwiglasi, awuyi kufumana intloko ye-foam enzima, eqhubekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, yi-iso-alpha acids ekhokelela kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "skunky beer." Phambi kokukhanya kunye neoksijini, ezi zinto ziqhekeka kwimpendulo eyenziwe yi-riboflavin, ivelisa iiradicals zasimahla ngokuqhekeka kwe-homolytic ye-exocyclic carbon-carbon bond. Icala le-acyl elicandiweyo liphinde libole kwakhona, livelise i-radical ye-1,1-dimethylallyl. Le radical inokusabela ngesulfure-equlethe amino acids ezifana cysteine ββββukwenza 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol - kwaye le mveliso inoxanduva ivumba skunk. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo eziphantsi kakhulu ivumba livakala njengekofu esanda kugcadiswa.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukuchithwa kwe-iso-alpha acid yinkqubo engathandekiyo kakhulu, kwaye i-hops eninzi kwibhiya, ngokukhawuleza iya kuthotywa, ilahlekelwe yiphunga kunye nokukrakra. Ngoko ke, iibhiya ezixutywayo akufunekanga zigcinwe ixesha elide: ibhiya ingaphulukana nesiqingatha seempawu zayo ezinevumba elimnandi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuveliswa. Kusisidenge ngakumbi ukuyigcina ivulekile. Ukulunga, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuthotywa okunjalo akubonakali nje kuphela kwi-IPA, kodwa ngokubanzi naluphi na uhlobo lwebhiya oluphawulwa licandelo elibonakalayo le-hop: ezi ziintlobo zonke zeenguqu zePale Ale (APA, NEIPA, bitters). , njl.), kunye ne-pilsners (inxalenye ephambili yebhiya yaseCzech), kunye ne-helles (i-lagers zaseJamani ezifana ne-Spaten, i-LΓΆwenbrau, i-Weihenstephaner kunye nezinye). Kunengqiqo ukusela yonke le bhiya njengento entsha ngokusemandleni kwaye ungayikhohlwa kwifriji okanye, ngokukodwa, kwi-shelf kwi-closet kwiinyanga ezininzi. Nokuba ivulwe phambi komhla wokuphelelwa kwayo, ayisayi kuba mnandi kangako.
Ukuphelisa ukuthotywa okunokwenzeka, ngexesha lokuveliswa kwebhiya, ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kwisakhono semitha ye-UV ukufikelela kwibhiya, kunye nokuxinana kwe-oksijini emanzini. Abanye oomatshini botywala bafikelela kugxininiso lweoksijini yamashumi emicrograms/l nangaphantsi - ke uyaqonda, %igama lomsebenzisi%, sithetha ngamanqanaba amkelekileyo kwiisekethe zokupholisa zereactors zenyukliya.
Ngendlela, namhlanje kukho iindidi ezingama-250 zeeoli eziyimfuneko ezikhoyo kwiihops. Isityalo siqulethe iindawo eziphezulu ze-myrcene, i-humulene kunye ne-caryophyllene. Owesibini kubo wenza igalelo elibaluleke kakhulu kwincasa kunye nephunga lesiselo esinegwebu. Iindidi zehop zaphesheya zinemyrcene eninzi kuneyaseYurophu. Yongeza amanqaku amaninzi e-citrus kunye nepine. I-Caryophyllene yongeza intwana yeziqholo kwaye inika ibhiya incasa ebukhali. Xa ixutywe kunye neester esele zikhankanyiwe ezifunyenwe ngexesha lokuvutshelwa, i-perfume enzima enjalo inokufumaneka ukuba i-Rive Gauche kunye ne-L'Etoile baphumle.
Irhasi.
Ewe, i-%username%, igesi nayo inokuqwalaselwa njengenxalenye yebhiya.
Irhasi yokuqala kuluhlu lwethu yikharbon diokside, enye yeemveliso zenkunkuma yegwele. Kwangaxeshanye, isixa sekharbhon diokside kwibhiya elungiswayo sixhomekeke kakhulu kwiminqweno yebrewer/technologist, kodwa phantse isoloko ihluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisiphi na isikhongozeli ibhiya ekugqibeleni ifakwe kuyo. Kwaye le ngongoma ephambili.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, sinokuthi oku kulandelayo: igesi isoloko ifuneka - ngakolunye uhlangothi, igxotha i-oksijini eyingozi kwisisombululo, kwaye ngakolunye, ibangela ukubunjwa kwe-foam xa uvula ubhiya.
Ngokufuthi, ibhiya ethengiswa enkonkxeni okanye ebhotileni igalelwa yigesi yodwa ebudeni bamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuvubela, okanye iqhubeka isenjenjalo sele ikwishelufu kwimeko yento ebizwa ngokuba yibhiya ephilayo, ethi ivundiswe ebhotileni. Kwezinye iimeko, umenzi unokunyanzelisa i-carbonate ibhiya kunye ne-carbon dioxide kwinqanaba elifunekayo - oku kuyakhawuleza kwaye kulula. Oku kwenziwa rhoqo ukuba ibhiya yenzelwe ukuba ikhutshwe kwimpompo ekwibhari okanye kwivenkile. Kule meko, ngokuqinisekileyo, igesi eveliswa yigwele ayifani naleyo yongezwa kwi-cylinder. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo unokukholelwa kwi "biocarbon dioxide" kwaye uhlawule amaxabiso aphezulu ngokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo nengcamango yeenzuzo zokunyuka kwamavili nge-nitrogen. Nqwenelela impumelelo.
Ngoko ke, ibhiya eshiya i-factory, ifakwe kwimibhobho ekhethekileyo (i-kegs), inezinga elifunekayo le-carbonation (carbonation). Ngexesha elifanayo, kwindawo yokufaka iibhotile, oko kukuthi, kwi-bar okanye kwivenkile yeebhotile, eli nqanaba liya kufuneka ligcinwe. Ukwenza oku, i-cylinder yegesi (i-carbon dioxide okanye i-nitrogen umxube) idibaniswe nenkqubo yeebhotile: umsebenzi wayo awukona nje ukukhupha ubhiya ngaphandle kwe-keg, kodwa nokugcina i-carbonation kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
Enyanisweni, kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo olubekwe kwinkqubo yokuzaliswa, umthamo ohlukeneyo wegesi ungena kwibhiya, yingakho unokunika iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Kwaye esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni iindidi zeebhotile ezifanayo zinokuqondwa ngokwahlukileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zihluke kwiinguqulelo zayo zebhotile kunye nenkonkxiweyo.
Ukongezelela kwikharbon diokside, initrogen ifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Njengoko kwavela kwiminyaka engama-60 eyadlulayo, umahluko kwiipropati carbon dioxide kunye nitrogen utshintsho kakhulu.
Cinga ngeGuinness Draft esanda kugalelwa eglasini. Intloko eshinyeneyo enokhilimu, ngaphantsi kukho amaqamza awayo, enza loo βavalanche effectβ kakhulu, kwaye ibhiya ngokwayo ibonakala ngathi inekhrimu kancinane, ayinakhabhothi, inokwakheka okuthambileyo - konke oku kusisiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwenitrogen kwidrafti yeGuinness. .
Eneneni, yaba ngumenzi wenkunzi yaseIreland edume ehlabathini ngoku owaqala ukusebenzisa le gesi xa egalela ibhiya, kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke ngenxa yobomi obulungileyo. I-brewery eyaziwayo yafumanisa kunzima ukukhuphisana kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20 kunye neentlobo zedrafti ezazifumana ukuthandwa ngelo xesha, ngakumbi i-lagers, kwaye ayinakwenza nto malunga nayo: i-Guinness yayithengiswa ishushu kwiibhotile, okanye, okona kulungileyo, igalelwe ngekharbon diokside, eyayenza mandundu incasa yebhiya kwaye yathothisa ngokubonakalayo inkqubo yokugalela. Abantu bafuna into ebandayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Kwakufuneka kwenziwe okuthile.
Ingxaki yasonjululwa ngumqeshwa we-Irish brewery, uMichael Ash: ukuba yingcali yezibalo ngoqeqesho, wabekwa ngabaphathi kwintloko yeqela elalifanele ukuphuhlisa iteknoloji yokwandisa ubomi beshelufu yeGuinness yebhotile. Uthuthu aluzange lubone nje ukusebenza kakuhle kokususa umoya xa kusetyenziswa initrogen endaweni yecarbon dioxide, yena neqela lakhe baphuhlisa inkqubo eyavumela ukuba i-stout igalelwe ngokukhawuleza isuka emgqomeni kusetyenziswa umxube weegesi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka initrogen. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1958, inkqubo entsha yayinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yaqalisa ukusetyenziswa, inyusa ukuthengiswa kweGuinness ngekota. Ngendlela, phantse ngaxeshanye banelungelo lobunikazi bokongeza ibhola yeplastiki ene-nitrogen ecinezelweyo kwibhiya enkonkxiweyo, egqabhuka xa kuvulwa inkonkxa kwaye "igwebu" ibhiya.
Ngoku kwiplanethi kukho amakhulu eentlobo ezifakwe kwiibhotile zisebenzisa i-nitrogen, okanye kunoko zisebenzisa umxube we-nitrogen kunye ne-carbon dioxide: ubukhulu becala malunga ne-80% ukuya kwi-20%, ngokulandelanayo. Ikakhulu unokufumana ii-ales zesiNgesi kunye ne-Irish kwaye, ngakumbi, i-stouts ibhodlela kwi-nitrogen, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha unokufumana iindidi ezinokuthi zifake i-nitrogen, umzekelo, i-lager.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthiwe ngokwemvelo kukho iingqikelelo malunga nale nto - ngoku ndithetha ngazo zonke iintlobo ze "Nitro IPA": Guinness Nitro IPA, Vermont Nitro IPA kunye nabanye. Inyani kukuba i-IPA (i-India Pale Ale) isitayile sebhiya apho indima ephambili idlalwa yi-hop component. I-IPA-style ales akufuneki ibe krakra kakhulu (le ndlela sele idlulile), kodwa kufuneka kubekho ubukrakra obuthile be-hop kwibhiya enjalo. Kungenxa yokutsiba okuqinileyo ukuba abathandi bebhiya baxabise i-IPA kunye neentlobo zayo.
I-capsules kwi-Nitro IPA cans iqulethe i-nitrogen (okanye kunoko, umxube we-nitrogen kunye ne-carbon dioxide). I-nitrojeni inika ibhiya iimpawu ezithile: intloko eshinyeneyo, enegwebu elikhrim, ukumila okumnandi kunye nokusela. Ubhiya be-nitrogen buhle kakhulu ukusela, bubonakala bulula kwaye bucacile.
Kodwa ngaphandle koku, i-nitrogen inolunye uphawu, olufihlakeleyo: ifihla emva kwayo ezinye zencasa yencasa yebhiya. Ngokukodwa, ifihla ubukrakra. Kwaye ukuba i-nitrogen inceda kuphela i-classic ebhityileyo ye-Guinness stout okanye i-Kilkenny ale elula neqondakalayo ukuba ibe ngcono, ngoko ibhiya ye-hoppy iba lutshaba oluphambili. I-Nitrojeni ithatha i-IPA into encinci efunekayo ukuze ibonakale kwabanye.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, nayiphi na "i-IPA" ene-nitrogen ayiyi kunika into ephambili eyayifanele inike - ukukrakra okumnandi, okukrakra kwe-hop. Okanye kunoko, uya kuzama, kodwa uya kuthintelwa yigesi ephuma kwi-capsule: iya kwenza ukuba ibhiya ibe lula, ibe mnandi kwaye iphuze, kwaye iya kubonisa amaqamza amahle aphuma ecaleni kweendonga zeglasi, kodwa iya kukuhlutha. oko abo nobumba baxatyiswayo zintathu babebekwe enkonkxeni .
Ngamafutshane, "i-Nitro Ips" yimveliso yomnqweno wabathengisi ukuwela i-bulldog ene-rhinoceros enesiphumo esihambelanayo.
Ngendlela, ekubeni sichukumise isihloko se-foam, ndiya kwongeza kancinci. I-Foam ichaphazela kakhulu imbono yencasa kunye nevumba lebhiya. Ukunxibelelana ne-taste buds, yile nto isinika imvakalelo yokuthamba kwesiselo, kunye nokungabikho kwayo okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukugqithisa kunokutshintsha kakhulu imvakalelo yokunambitha. Galela ingqolowa yesiJamani kwiglasi, vumela i-foam ihlale (kuya kufuneka ulinde) kwaye uzame. Ngoku galela isahlulo esitsha kwenye iglasi ukuze intloko enogwebu yenze, kwaye uthathe ikhefu: ndikholelwe, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuwuva umahluko.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kwanemilo yeglasi ichaphazela inani le-foam. Ngokukodwa, ukucutha ezantsi kweglasi yebhiya yengqolowa yakudala ikhona ngokuchanekileyo ukuze ngokuthambeka kweglasi nganye igwebu elifunwa yile ndlela yebhiya ngokuhambelana nomgangatho wenziwa kwakhona. Ubushushu bukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo: umzekelo, ukuba ibhiya eyidrafti igcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu, iya kuba negwebu kakhulu xa igalelwe. Okufanayo kuyafana nakwibhotile eshushu okanye ibhiya enkonkxiweyo: Ndicinga ukuba akukho mthandi webhiya ongakhange agwebe kanye xa evula ibhotile ngemini eshushu.
Ngendlela, ukuba udla ubhiya ngokutya okunamafutha, kuya kubakho i-foam ecacileyo: ngoqhagamshelwano ngalunye, amanqatha asele emlonyeni avimbela iiprotheni ukuba zenze i-foam kwaye ziyonakalisa.
Ngoko kwixesha elizayo, uzama ukuthulula ibhiya yakho ngobuncinci be-foam, khumbula: ngokunokwenzeka, ngoku ngoku ngokuzithandela uzinqanda ulonwabo olungadingekile kwisiselo.
Ngendlela, ukuhlonipha i-foam luphawu oluhle lwenqanaba le-bartender lolwazi kunye nobuchule. Ibha yebhiya efanelekileyo ayiyi kugalela ibhiya ngaphandle kwentloko ye-foam, ukuba kufuneka kubekho enye. Kwaye kufuneka ibekho kwiimeko ezininzi, ngaphandle kwezinto ezinqabileyo: xa ibhiya ingenagwebu kakuhle ngokwendalo yayo (umzekelo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-casque ales okanye i-American light lagers).
Ngoko musa ukukhawuleza ukugxeka i-bartender ngokuzama ukukukhohlisa ngokuzisa iglasi enentloko enogwebu - mhlawumbi uyazikhohlisa.
Ewe, oko kwanele namhlanje, kwaye kwinxalenye elandelayo siza kuthetha ngesithako sokugqibela sebhiya-izongezo ezahlukeneyo, siya kujonga ukuba ngaba azikho ngqiqweni, ukuba amaJamani namaBelgians acinga ntoni ngayo, nayo iGOST. I-31711-2012, i-GOST 55292-2012 kunye norhulumente waseRashiya ngokubanzi - kwaye makhe sibone ukuba ngubani owufunayo. Kuya kubakho ulwazi oluninzi, kwaye nangaphezulu kushiywe ngaphandle kwezibiyeli, ngoko ke oku akusayi kuba yinxalenye yokugqibela.
Umthombo: www.habr.com