sathetha malunga nendlela iibhasi kunye neeprothokholi ezisebenza ngayo kwi-industrial automation. Ngeli xesha siza kugxila kwizisombululo zokusebenza zanamhlanje: siza kujonga ukuba zeziphi iiprotocol ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo kwihlabathi jikelele. Makhe siqwalasele iteknoloji yeenkampani zaseJamani i-Beckhoff kunye ne-Siemens, i-Austrian B & R, i-American Rockwell Automation kunye ne-Russian Fastwel. Siza kufunda kwakhona izisombululo zendalo yonke ezingaboshelwanga kumenzi othile, njenge-EtherCAT kunye ne-CAN.
Ekupheleni kwenqaku kuya kuba netafile yokuthelekisa kunye neempawu ze-EtherCAT, POWERLINK, PROFINET, EtherNet / IP kunye neModbusTCP protocol.
Asizange sifake i-PRP, i-HSR, i-OPC UA kunye nezinye iiprotocol ekuhlaziyweni, kuba Sele kukho amanqaku agqwesileyo kubo kwiHabrΓ© ngoogxa bethu iinjineli abaphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuzisebenzela kwimizi-mveliso. Umzekelo, ΠΈ .
Okokuqala, makhe sichaze isigama: I-Industrial Ethernet = inethiwekhi yezoshishino, i-Fieldbus = ibhasi yasendle. Kwi-automation ye-industrial automation yaseRashiya, kukho ukudideka ngokwemigaqo ehambelana nebhasi yentsimi kunye nenethiwekhi yamashishini aphantsi. Rhoqo la magama adityaniswa abe ngumbono omnye, ongacacanga obizwa ngokuba "kwinqanaba elisezantsi", ekubhekiselwa kuzo njengebhasi esecaleni kunye nenqanaba elisezantsi, nangona isenokungabi yibhasi kwaphela.
Kutheni kunjaloOku kudideka kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kubalawuli abaninzi banamhlanje, ukudityaniswa kweemodyuli ze-I / O zihlala ziphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa i-backplane okanye ibhasi yomzimba. Oko kukuthi, abafowunelwa abathile bebhasi kunye nezixhumi zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iimodyuli ezininzi kwiyunithi enye. Kodwa ezo ndawo, nazo, zinokudityaniswa zombini inethiwekhi yoshishino kunye nebhasi yentsimi. Kwisigama saseNtshona kukho ulwahlulo olucacileyo: inethiwekhi yinethiwekhi, ibhasi ibhasi. Eyokuqala yonyulwa yi-Industrial Ethernet, eyesibini yi-Fieldbus. Eli nqaku liphakamisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "uthungelwano lwamashishini" kunye negama elithi "ibhasi yasendle" kwezi ngcamango, ngokulandelanayo.
I-EtherCAT yothungelwano lwe-Industrial, iphuhliswe ngu-Beckhoff
Iprotocol ye-EtherCAT kunye nenethiwekhi yezoshishino mhlawumbi enye yeendlela ezikhawulezayo zokuhanjiswa kwedatha kwiinkqubo zokuzenzekelayo namhlanje. Inethiwekhi ye-EtherCAT isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezisasazwayo, apho ii-node ezisebenzisanayo zihlukaniswe kumgama omde.
I-protocol ye-EtherCAT isebenzisa iifreyimu eziqhelekileyo ze-Ethernet ukuhambisa ii-telegrams zayo, ngoko ihlala ihambelana nazo naziphi na izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-Ethernet kwaye, ngokwenene, ukwamkelwa kwedatha kunye nokuhanjiswa kunokucwangciswa kunoma yimuphi umlawuli we-Ethernet, ngaphandle kokuba isofthiwe efanelekileyo ikhona.
Umlawuli we-Beckhoff oneseti yeemodyuli ze-I/O. Umthombo:
Inkcazo yeprotocol ivulekile kwaye iyafumaneka, kodwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sombutho wophuhliso - iQela leTekhnoloji ye-EtherCAT.
Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo i-EtherCAT (umboniso uyamangalisa, njengomdlalo we-Zuma Inca):
Isantya sotshintshiselwano oluphezulu kule protocol - kwaye sinokuthetha malunga neeyunithi ze-microseconds - iqondwa ngenxa yokuba abaphuhlisi benqabile ukutshintshiselana ngokusebenzisa iitelegram ezithunyelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwisixhobo esithile. Endaweni yoko, i-telegram enye ithunyelwa kwinethiwekhi ye-EtherCAT, ebhekiswe kuzo zonke izixhobo ngexesha elifanayo, nganye yeendawo zekhoboka zokuqokelela kunye nokudlulisa ulwazi (bakwabizwa ngokuba yi-OSO - isixhobo sonxibelelwano lwento) ithatha kuyo "kwi-fly" idatha eyayilungiselelwe yona kwaye ifaka kwi-telegram idatha ekulungele ukubonelela ngokutshintshiselana. I-telegram ithunyelwa kwi-node yekhoboka elandelayo, apho kwenzeka khona umsebenzi ofanayo. Emva kokudlula kuzo zonke izixhobo zokulawula, i-telegram ibuyiselwa kumlawuli oyintloko, leyo, ngokusekelwe kwidatha efunyenwe kwizixhobo zekhoboka, isebenzise ingqiqo yokulawula, iphinde idibanise nge-telegram kunye neendawo zekhoboka, ezikhupha uphawu lokulawula ukuba izixhobo.
Inethiwekhi ye-EtherCAT ingaba nayo nayiphi na i-topology, kodwa ngokwenene iya kuhlala iyindandatho - ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwemodi ye-duplex epheleleyo kunye nezixhumi ezimbini ze-Ethernet. Ngale ndlela, i-telegram iya kuhlala ihanjiswa ngokulandelelana kwisixhobo ngasinye ebhasini.
Ukumelwa kweSchematic yenethiwekhi ye-Ethercat eneendawo ezininzi. Umthombo:
Ngendlela, ukucaciswa kwe-EtherCAT akuqulathanga izithintelo kwi-100Base-TX umaleko womzimba, ngoko ukuphunyezwa kweprotocol kunokwenzeka ngokusekelwe kwimigca yegigabit kunye ne-optical.
Vula uthungelwano lwamashishini kunye nemigangatho ye-PROFIBUS / NET evela kwi-Siemens
Inkxalabo yaseJamani i-Siemens kudala isaziwa ngabalawuli bayo bokucwangcisa (PLCs), abasetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.
Utshintshiselwano lwedatha phakathi kweenodi zenkqubo ezenzekelayo elawulwa yi-Siemens izixhobo zenziwa zombini ngebhasi yasendle ebizwa ngokuba yi-PROFIBUS kunye ne-PROFINET network network.
Ibhasi ye-PROFIBUS isebenzisa ikhebula elikhethekileyo elinambini elinezixhumi ze-DB-9. I-Siemens inayo emfusa, kodwa siye sabona abanye ekusebenzeni :). Ukudibanisa ii-nodes ezininzi, ikhonkco inokudibanisa iintambo ezimbini. Ikwanayo neswitshi ye-terminal resistor. I-resistor terminal kufuneka ivulwe kwizixhobo zokugqibela zothungelwano, ngaloo ndlela ibonisa ukuba esi sisixhobo sokuqala okanye sokugqibela, kwaye emva kwayo akukho nto, kuphela ubumnyama kunye nokungabikho (zonke rs485 zisebenza ngolu hlobo). Ukuba uvula i-resistor kwisidibanisi esiphakathi, icandelo elilandelayo liya kuvalwa.
Intambo ye-PROFIBUS eneziqhagamshelo ezidibanisayo. Umthombo:
Inethiwekhi ye-PROFINET isebenzisa i-analogue twisted pair cable, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nezixhumi ze-RJ-45, ikhebula linemibala eluhlaza. Ukuba i-topology ye-PROFIBUS yibhasi, ngoko i-topology yenethiwekhi ye-PROFINET ingaba nantoni na: i-ring, inkwenkwezi, umthi, okanye yonke into edibeneyo.
Umlawuli we-Siemens onentambo ye-PROFINET edibeneyo. Umthombo: w3.siemens.com
Kukho iinkqubo ezininzi zonxibelelwano kwi-PROFIBUS yebhasi nakwinethiwekhi ye-PROFINET.
YePROFIBUS:
- IPROFIBUS DP - ukuphunyezwa kwale protocol ibandakanya unxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zekhoboka ezikude, kwimeko yePROFINET, le protocol ihambelana neprotocol yePROFINET IO.
- I-PROFIBUS PA iyafana ne-PROFIBUS DP, isetyenziselwa kuphela iinguqulelo zobungqina bokuqhuma kogqithiso lwedatha kunye nonikezelo lwamandla (okufana ne-PROFIBUS DP eneempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba). Kwi-PROFINET, inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ugqabhuko-dubulo efana ne-PROFIBUS ayikabikho.
- I-PROFIBUS FMS - eyenzelwe ukutshintshiselana kwedatha kunye neenkqubo ezivela kwabanye abavelisi abangenakusebenzisa i-PROFIBUS DP. I-analogue ye-PROFIBUS FMS kuthungelwano lwe-PROFINET yi-PROFINET CBA protocol.
YePROFINET:
- I-PROFINET IO;
- I-PROFINET CBA.
Iprotocol yePROFINET IO yohlulwe ngokweendidi ezininzi:
- I-PROFINET NRT (ixesha elingelona lokwenyani) - lisetyenziswa kwizicelo apho iiparamitha zexesha zingabalulekanga. Isebenzisa i-Ethernet TCP / IP yokudlulisa idatha yeprotocol kunye ne-UDP / IP.
- I-PROFINET RT (ixesha langempela) - apha i-I / O yotshintshiselwano lwedatha iphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa izakhelo ze-Ethernet, kodwa idatha yokuxilonga kunye nokunxibelelana isadluliselwa nge-UDP / IP.
- I-PROFINET IRT (I-Isochronous Real Time) - Le protocol yaphuhliswa ngokukodwa kwizicelo zokulawula ukunyakaza kwaye iquka isigaba sokudlulisa idatha ye-isochronous.
Ngokuphathelele ukuphunyezwa kweprotocol ye-PROFINET IRT enzima yexesha langempela, kunxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo ezikude zihlula iziteshi ezimbini zokutshintshiselana: isochronous kunye ne-asynchronous. Ishaneli ye-isochronous enobude obusisigxina bomjikelo wotshintshiselwano isebenzisa ulungelelwaniso lwewotshi kwaye idlulisa idatha ebalulekileyo yexesha; iitelegram zenqanaba lesibini zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa. Ubude bexesha lokudluliselwa kwitshaneli ye-isochronous alidluli i-millisecond eyi-1.
Ishaneli ye-asynchronous idlulisela idatha ebizwa ngokuba yi-real-time data, ekwajongwana nayo ngedilesi ye-MAC. Ukongezelela, ulwazi olwahlukeneyo lokuxilonga kunye nolwazi oluncedisayo luhanjiswa nge-TCP / IP. Akukho datha yexesha lokwenyani, ngaphantsi kolunye ulwazi, ngokuqinisekileyo, inokuphazamisa umjikelo we-isochronous.
Iseti eyandisiweyo yemisebenzi ye-PROFINET IO ayidingeki kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-automation ye-industrial, ngoko ke le protocol ilinganiswe kwiprojekthi ethile, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iiklasi zokuthobela okanye iiklasi zokuthobela: CC-A, CC-B, CC-CC. Iiklasi zokuthobela zikuvumela ukuba ukhethe izixhobo zentsimi kunye nezixhobo zomqolo ezinobuncinci obufunekayo.
umthombo:
Iprotocol yesibini yokutshintshiselana kwinethiwekhi ye-PROFINET - PROFINET CBA - isetyenziselwa ukuququzelela unxibelelwano lwezoshishino phakathi kwezixhobo ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukeneyo. Iyunithi yemveliso ephambili kwiinkqubo ze-IAS liqumrhu elithile elibizwa ngokuba licandelo. Eli candelo lidla ngokuba yingqokelela yomatshini, umbane kunye neendawo zombane zesixhobo okanye ufakelo, kunye nesoftware yesicelo ehambelana nayo. Kwicandelo ngalinye, imodyuli yesoftware ikhethiwe equlethe inkcazo epheleleyo yojongano lweli candelo ngokuhambelana neemfuno zomgangatho wePROFINET. Emva koko ezi modyuli zesoftware zisetyenziselwa ukutshintshiselana ngedatha kunye nezixhobo.
Iprothokholi ye-B&R Ethernet POWERLINK
Iprotocol yePowerlink yaphuhliswa yinkampani yase-Austrian B&R ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000. Oku kolunye ukuphunyezwa kweprotocol yexesha langempela phezu komgangatho we-Ethernet. Inkcazo yeprothokholi iyafumaneka kwaye isasazwe ngokukhululekileyo.
Itekhnoloji yePowerlink isebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi-mixed polling mechanism, xa yonke intsebenziswano phakathi kwezixhobo ihlulwe ngokwezigaba ezininzi. Idatha ebaluleke kakhulu idluliselwa kwisigaba sotshintshiselwano se-isochronous, apho ixesha lokuphendula elifunekayo lilungiselelwe; idatha eseleyo iya kuhanjiswa, xa kunokwenzeka, kwisigaba se-asynchronous.
Umlawuli we-B&R oneseti yeemodyuli ze-I/O. Umthombo: br-automation.com
Iprotocol yaqalwa yaphunyezwa ngaphezulu kwe-100Base-TX yomaleko womzimba, kodwa kamva ukuphunyezwa kwegigabit kwaphuhliswa.
Iprotocol yePowerlink isebenzisa indlela yonxibelelwano yokucwangcisa. Isiphawuli esithile okanye umyalezo wolawulo uthunyelwa kuthungelwano, ngoncedo apho kuchongwa ukuba zeziphi izixhobo okwangoku ezinemvume yokutshintshiselana ngedatha. Sisixhobo esinye kuphela esinokufikelela kutshintshiselwano ngexesha.
Umelo olucwangcisiweyo lwenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet POWERLINK eneendawo ezininzi.
Kwinqanaba le-isochronous, umlawuli wokuvota ngokulandelelana uthumela isicelo kwi-node nganye apho kufuneka afumane idatha ebalulekileyo.
Isigaba se-isochronous senziwe, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kunye nexesha lokujikeleza elihlengahlengiswayo. Kwinqanaba le-asynchronous lokutshintshiselana, i-IP protocol stack isetyenzisiweyo, umlawuli ucela idatha engabalulekanga kuzo zonke iindawo, ezithumela impendulo njengoko zifumana ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi. Umlinganiselo wexesha phakathi kwezigaba ze-isochronous kunye ne-asynchronous zingalungiswa ngesandla.
Rockwell Automation Ethernet / IP Protocol
Iprotocol ye-EtherNet / IP yaphuhliswa ngokuthatha inxaxheba esebenzayo yenkampani yaseMelika iRockwell Automation kwi-2000. Isebenzisa i-TCP kunye ne-UDP IP stack, kwaye iyandisa kwi-industrial automation applications. Inxalenye yesibini yegama, ngokuchasene nenkolelo eyaziwayo, ayithethi iProtocol ye-Intanethi, kodwa iProtocol ye-Industrial. I-UDP IP isebenzisa i-CIP (iProtocol ye-Common Interface Protocol) yonxibelelwano, ekwasetyenziswa kwi-ControlNet/DeviceNet networks kwaye iphunyezwe phezu kwe-TCP/IP.
Inkcazo ye-EtherNet / IP ifumaneka esidlangalaleni kwaye ifumaneka simahla. I-topology yenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet / IP inokuba yinto engafanelekanga kwaye iquka umsesane, inkwenkwezi, umthi okanye ibhasi.
Ukongeza kwimisebenzi esemgangathweni ye-HTTP, i-FTP, i-SMTP, i-protocol ye-EtherNet / IP, iphumeza ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ebalulekileyo yexesha phakathi komlawuli wokuvota kunye nezixhobo ze-I / O. Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha engekho ixesha elibalulekileyo kunikwa iipakethi ze-TCP, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwexesha elibalulekileyo ledatha yokulawula i-cyclic kwenziwa nge-protocol ye-UDP.
Ukuvumelanisa ixesha kwiinkqubo ezisasazwayo, i-EtherNet / IP isebenzisa i-protocol ye-CIPsync, eyongezwa kwe-protocol yonxibelelwano lwe-CIP.
Ukumelwa okucwangcisiweyo kwenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet / IP eneendawo ezininzi kunye noqhagamshelo lwezixhobo zeModbus. Umthombo:
Ukwenza lula ukusekwa kwenethiwekhi ye-EtherNet / IP, ezininzi izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezizenzekelayo ziza kunye neefayile zoqwalaselo ezichazwe kwangaphambili.
Ukuphunyezwa kweprotocol yeFBUS eFastweel
Ixesha elide sacinga ukuba singabandakanya inkampani yaseRussia iFaswel kolu luhlu kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo kwasekhaya kwe-FBUS protocol protocol, kodwa ke sagqiba ekubeni sibhale imihlathi embalwa ukuze siqonde ngcono iinyani zokutshintsha indawo.
Kukho ukuphunyezwa kweFBUS okubili. Enye yazo yibhasi apho iprotocol yeFBUS iqhuba ngaphezulu komgangatho weRS485. Ukongeza, kukho ukuphunyezwa kwe-FBUS kwinethiwekhi ye-Ethernet yoshishino.
I-FBUS ayinakubizwa ngokuba yiprotocol enesantya esiphezulu; ixesha lokuphendula lixhomekeke kakhulu kwinani leemodyuli ze-I/O ebhasini nakwiiparamitha zotshintshiselwano; ngokuqhelekileyo isuka kwi-0,5 ukuya kwi-10 millisecond. Enye i-FBUS i-slave node inokuqulatha kuphela iimodyuli ze-I/O ezingama-64. Kwi-fieldbus, ubude bekhebula abukwazi ukudlula imitha ye-1, ngoko asithethi malunga neenkqubo ezisasazwayo. Okanye kunoko, kuyenzeka, kodwa kuphela xa usebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-FBUS yefektri ngaphezulu kwe-TCP/IP, okuthetha ukwanda kwexesha lokuvota izihlandlo ezininzi. Iintambo zokwandiswa kweebhasi zingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iimodyuli, ezivumela ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kweemodyuli kwikhabhinethi yokuzenzekelayo.
Isilawuli se-Fastweel kunye neemodyuli ze-I / O ezixhunyiwe. Umthombo:
Iyonke: yonke le nto isetyenziswa njani ekusebenzeni kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo ezenzekelayo
Ngokwendalo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeprothokholi zanamhlanje zokudluliselwa kwedatha zikhulu kakhulu kunokuba sichaze kweli nqaku. Ezinye ziboshwe kumenzi othile, ezinye, ngokuchaseneyo, zizonke. Xa kuphuhliswa iinkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo (APCS), injineli ikhetha iiprotokholi ezifanelekileyo, ngokuqwalasela imisebenzi ethile kunye nokunciphisa (ubugcisa kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali).
Ukuba sithetha ngokuxhaphaka kweprotocol ethile yokutshintshiselana, sinokunika umzobo wenkampani IiNethiwekhi zeHMS AB, ebonisa izabelo zentengiso yeetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zotshintshiselwano kuthungelwano lwamashishini.
umthombo:
Njengoko kunokubonwa kumzobo, i-PRONET kunye ne-PROFIBUS evela kwi-Siemens ithatha izikhundla eziphambili.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, kwiminyaka emi-6 eyadlulayo .
Itheyibhile engezantsi iqulethe idatha yesishwankathelo kwiiprothokholi zotshintshiselwano ezichazwe. Ezinye iiparameters, umzekelo, ukusebenza, zibonakaliswa ngokwemiqathango engabonakaliyo: ephezulu / ephantsi. Ukulingana kwamanani kunokufumaneka kumanqaku ohlalutyo lokusebenza.
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I-EtherCAT
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POWERLINK
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PROFINET
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I-EtherNet/IP
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ModbusTCP
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Umaleko womzimba
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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Inqanaba ledatha
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Ijelo (izakhelo ze-Ethernet)
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Ijelo (izakhelo ze-Ethernet)
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Ijelo (izakhelo ze-Ethernet), Inethiwekhi/izithuthi (TCP/IP)
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Inethiwekhi/Ezothutho(TCP/IP)
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Inethiwekhi/Ezothutho(TCP/IP)
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Inkxaso yexesha langempela
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ukuba
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ukuba
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ukuba
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ukuba
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akukho
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Imveliso
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ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
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ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
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I-IRT β ephezulu, RT β ephakathi
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Umyinge
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Ephantsi
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Ubude bekhebula phakathi kweenodi
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100m
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100m/2km
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100m
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100m
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100m
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Izigaba zokutshintshela
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akukho
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I-Isochronous + i-asynchronous
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IRT β isochronous + asynchronous, RT β asynchronous
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akukho
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akukho
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Inani leendawo
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65535
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240
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TCP / IP Network Unyino
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TCP / IP Network Unyino
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TCP / IP Network Unyino
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Isisombululo sokungqubana
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I-topology yeringi
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Ungqamaniso lwewotshi, izigaba zothumelo
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I-topology yeringi, izigaba zothumelo
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Iiswitshi, itopology yeenkwenkwezi
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Iiswitshi, itopology yeenkwenkwezi
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Ukutshintshana okushushu
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akukho
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ukuba
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ukuba
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ukuba
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Kuxhomekeke ekuphunyezweni
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Iindleko zezixhobo
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Ephantsi
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Ephantsi
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ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
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Umyinge
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Ephantsi
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Imimandla yokusetyenziswa kweeprothokholi zotshintshiselwano ezichaziweyo, i-fieldbuses kunye nothungelwano lwemizi-mveliso yahluke kakhulu. Ukusuka kumashishini ekhemikhali kunye neemoto ukuya kwitekhnoloji ye-aerospace kunye nokuveliswa kombane. Iiprothokholi zotshintshiselwano ngesantya esiphezulu zifunwa kwiinkqubo zokubeka ixesha lokwenyani zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neerobhothi.
Zeziphi iiprothokholi osebenze nazo kwaye uye wazisebenzisa phi? Yabelana ngamava akho kumazwana. π
umthombo: www.habr.com