Sonke siqhelene nento yokuba iinqaba zonxibelelwano kunye neemasti zikhangeleka zikruqula okanye zingabonakali. Ngethamsanqa, kwimbali kwakukho - kwaye - umdla, imizekelo engaqhelekanga ezi, ngokubanzi, izakhiwo utilitarian. Sidibanise uluhlu oluncinci lweenqaba zonxibelelwano esizifumene ziphawuleka ngakumbi.

Inqaba yaseStockholm

Masiqale nge "ikhadi lexilongo" - eyona nto ingaqhelekanga kunye noyilo oludala ekukhetheni kwethu. Kunzima ukuyibiza ngokuba "yinqaba". Ngomnyaka we-1887, kwakhiwa inqaba yesikwere ukusuka kwi-trusses yentsimbi e-Stockholm. Ngee-turrets kwiikona, iiflegi kunye nemihlobiso ejikeleze umjikelezo - ubuhle!

Inqaba yayijongeka ngokukhethekileyo ebusika, xa iingcingo zazikhenkceke ngaphezulu:

Ngowe-1913, le nqaba yayeka ukuba liziko leefowuni, kodwa ayizange ichithwe yaye ishiywe njengendawo ephawulekayo yesixeko. Ngelishwa, kwiminyaka engama-40 kanye kamva kwabakho umlilo kweso sakhiwo, yaye le nqaba kwafuneka ichithwe.

Inethiwekhi yeMicrowave

Ngo-1948, inkampani yaseMelika i-AT&T yasungula iprojekthi ebiza kakhulu ukwenza uthungelwano lweenqaba zonxibelelwano lwerediyo kuluhlu lwe-microwave. Ngowe-1951, uthungelwano oluquka iinqaba ezili-107 lwaqalisa ukusebenza. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, kwakusenzeka ukutsalela umnxeba kwilizwe lonke kunye nokusasaza umqondiso weTV kuphela emoyeni, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa uthungelwano lweengcingo. Iintsimbi zee-eriyali zabo zisikhumbuza ngandlel' ithile iigramafoni okanye izithethi zomyili ezakhiwe ngokwendlela yoyilo lweempondo.

Nangona kunjalo, inethiwekhi kamva yayekwa ngenxa yokuba unxibelelwano lwerediyo ye-microwave yatshintshwa yifiber optical. Isiphelo seenqaba ziye zahluka: ezinye zigqwala zingasebenzi, ezinye zigawulwe kwisinyithi esilahliweyo, ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukuququzelela unxibelelwano ngeenkampani ezincinci; Ezinye iinqaba zisetyenziswa ngabahlali basekuhlaleni kwiimfuno zabo.

Wardenclyffe Tower

U-Nikola Tesla wayeyingqondi, kwaye mhlawumbi wayejongelwa phantsi. Mhlawumbi kwakukho intwana yempambano eyayibandakanyekile. Mhlawumbi, ukuba abatyali-mali abazange bamlahle, ngewayehlile kwimbali njengomntu otshintshe ubomi boluntu lonke. Kodwa ngoku sinokuqikelela kuphela malunga noku.

Kwi-1901, uTesla waqala ukwakha iNqaba yeWardenclyffe, eyayiza kuba sisiseko somgca wonxibelelwano we-transatlantic. Kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ngoncedo lwayo, uTesla wayefuna ukubonisa ubungqina bokuba kunokwenzeka ukuhanjiswa kombane ngaphandle kwamacingo - umqambi waphupha ngokudala inkqubo yehlabathi yokuhambisa umbane, usasazo lukanomathotholo kunye nonxibelelwano lukanomathotholo. Yeha, amabhongo akhe aphikisana neshishini labatyali-mali bakhe, ngoko ke uTesla wayeka ukunika imali yokuqhubeka neprojekthi, ekufuneka ivalwe ngo-1905.

Inqaba yakhiwe ecaleni kwelabhoratri kaTesla:

Ewe, ingqondo yengqondo ayizange iphile kuze kube namhlanje - inqaba yachithwa ngo-1917.

Isigebenga esineempondo ezintathu

Kodwa le nqaba iyaphila kwaye ilungile, isetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo kwaye iluncedo. Isakhiwo esiziimitha ezingama-298 ukuphakama samiswa kwinduli eSan Francisco. Yakhiwa ngo-1973 kwaye isasetyenziselwa usasazo lukamabonakude nonomathotholo. Kuze kube yi-2017, i-Sutro Tower yayisona sakhiwo siphakamileyo sokwakha kwisixeko.

Ukucofa lo mfanekiso kuya kuvula umfanekiso opheleleyo:

Umbono weSan Francisco ukusuka kwinqaba:

Emanzini angekho nzulu

Umkhosi wasemoyeni wase-US wakha wakha iinqaba ezininzi zerediyo kwiGulf of Mexico.

Kanye emazantsi, kumanzi angekho nzulu, iitripodi zentsimbi zazixhonywe kwiziseko zekonkile, neemasti ezibhityileyo ze-eriyali ezinamaqonga ezixhobo apho indlu encinane inokungena khona ukuphakama phezu kwamanzi. Umbono ongaqhelekanga kakhulu-imasti evulekileyo ephuma embindini wolwandle.

Njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka, ukuphuhliswa kobuchwephesha bonxibelelwano kwenze ukuba iinqaba zingabi yimfuneko, kwaye namhlanje umkhosi awukwazi ukuba wenzeni ngabo: mhlawumbi ugawulwe, ukhukulise, okanye ubashiye njengoko benjalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kule minyaka yobukho bazo, i-eriyali ziye zajika zaba luhlobo lwezixhobo ezenziweyo kunye neendawo zazo ezincinci zendalo, kwaye ziye zakhethwa ngabathandi bokuloba elwandle kunye nokuntywila, abade bafaka isikhalazo ukuze iinqaba zigcinwe. ayitshatyalaliswa.

Ngaphambi kwerediyo

Kwaye ukugqiba ukhetho lwethu, sifuna ukuthetha malunga nokuveliswa kwamaFrentshi amabini, abazalwana bakaChappe. Ngo-1792, babonisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi "semaphore" - inqaba encinci enentonga ejikelezayo ejikelezayo, ekupheleni kwayo kukho imivalo ejikelezayo. Abazalwana bakwaShapp bacebisa ukuba kufakwe iikhowudi oonobumba namanani ealfabhethi kusetyenziswa iindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokumisa iirodi nemivalo.

Imivalo kunye nebar kwafuneka ijikelezwe ngesandla. Namhlanje yonke le nto ibonakala icotha kwaye iphazamisekile, kwaye ngaphandle koko, inkqubo enjalo yayine-drawback enzima: yayixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwimozulu kunye nexesha lemini. Kodwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, le yayiyimpumelelo emangalisayo - imiyalezo emifutshane yayinokuhanjiswa phakathi kwezixeko ngothotho lweenqaba malunga nemizuzu engama-20.

Kwaye embindini wenkulungwane ye-19, zonke iintlobo zeetelegraphs ze-optical - kubandakanywa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzisa iimpawu zokukhanya - zatshintshwa ngumbane, ii-telegraphs ezinocingo. Kwaye kwezinye izikhumbuzo zokwakha, ii-turrets apho iinqaba ze-semaphore zazihlala zimi kuzo zisagciniwe. Umzekelo, kuphahla lweWinter Palace.

umthombo: www.habr.com