Ushicilelo lwe-53 loluhlu lwee-supercomputers ezisebenza kakhulu zipapashwe

Yaziswa Ushicilelo lwama-53 inqanaba Iikhompyuter ezingama-500 ezisebenza kakhulu kwihlabathi. Kushicilelo olutsha, abalishumi abaphezulu bahlala bengatshintshi, ngaphandle kokunyuselwa kwindawo yesihlanu kuluhlu lweqela elitsha. Frontera, eveliswe nguDell kwiZiko leKhompyutha yaseTexas. Iqela liqhuba i-CentOS Linux 7 kwaye ibandakanya ngaphezu kwe-448 amawaka ee-cores esekwe kwi-Xeon Platinum 8280 28C 2.7GHz. Ubungakanani obupheleleyo be-RAM yi-1.5 PB, kwaye ukusebenza kufikelela kwi-23 petaflops, amaxesha angama-6 ngaphantsi kwenkokeli ekulinganisweni.

Iqela eliphambili kuluhlu Ingqungquthela imisiwe ngu-IBM e-Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA). Iqela liqhuba i-Red Hat Enterprise Linux kwaye ibandakanya i-2.4 yezigidi zeeprosesa ze-cores (usebenzisa i-22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz CPUs kunye ne-NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators), ebonelela ngokusebenza kwe-148 petaflops.

Iqela laseMelika lithatha indawo yesibini Sierra, efakwe kwi-Livermore National Laboratory yi-IBM ngesiseko seqonga elifana neNgqungquthela kunye nokubonisa ukusebenza kwi-94 petaflops (malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi ze-cores). Kwindawo yesithathu liqela laseTshayina Ilanga TaihuLight, esebenza kwi-National Supercomputing Centre yaseChina, kubandakanywa ngaphezu kwe-10 yezigidi ze-computing cores kunye nokubonisa ukusebenza kwe-93 petaflops. Ngaphandle kwezalathi zokusebenza ezifanayo, iqela laseSierra lidla isiqingatha samandla amaninzi njengeSunway TaihuLight. Kwindawo yesine yiqela laseTshayina iTianhe-2A, elibandakanya phantse i-5 yezigidi ze-cores kwaye ibonisa ukusebenza kwe-61 petaflops.

Eyona ndlela inomdla kakhulu:

• Iqela lasekhaya elinamandla kakhulu, i-Lomonosov 2, yasuka kwi-72nd ukuya kwindawo ye-93 kwindawo yokubeka unyaka. Iqela phakathi IRoshydromet yehla ukusuka kwi-172 ukuya kwi-365 indawo. Amaqela eLomonosov kunye neTornado, abekwe kwindawo yama-227 kunye nama-458 kunyaka ophelileyo, akhutshelwa ngaphandle koluhlu. Inani lamaqela asekhaya kwi-rankings kulo nyaka lehla ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-2 (ngo-2017 kwakukho i-5 iinkqubo zasekhaya, kwaye ngo-2012 - 12);
• Ukuhanjiswa ngenani leekhompyuter ezinkulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo:
  • I-China: 219 (206 - kunyaka odlulileyo);
  • USA: 116 (124);
  • EJapan: 29 (36);
  • EFransi: 19 (18);
  • E-UK: 18 (22);
  • EJamani: 14 (21);
  • eIreland: 13 (7);
  • ENetherlands: 13 (9);
  • eKhanada 8 (6);
  • EMzantsi Korea: aba-5 (7);
  • EItali: 5 (5);
  • EOstreliya: aba-5 (5);
  • eSingapore 5;
  • eSwitzerland 4;
  • eSaudi Arabia, eBrazil, eIndiya, eMzantsi Afrika: ezi-3;
  • eRashiya, eFinland, eSweden, eSpeyin, eTaiwan: 2;
• Kwinqanaba leenkqubo zokusebenza ezisetyenziswa kwii-supercomputers, i-Linux kuphela ihleli iminyaka emibini;
• Usasazo ngonikezelo lweLinux (kunyaka ophelileyo kwizibiyeli):
  • I-48.8% (50.8%) ayinazinkcukacha ngosasazo,
  • I-27.8% (23.2%) isebenzisa i-CentOS,
  • 7.6% (9.8%) - Cray Linux,
  • 3% (3.6%) - SUSE,
  • 4.8% (5%) - RHEL,
  • 1.6% (1.4%) - Ubuntu;
  • 0.4% (0.4%) - I-Linux yezeNzululwazi
• Ubuncinci bentsebenzo yokungena kwi-Top500 iye yanda kunyaka ukusuka kwi-715.6 ukuya kwi-1022 teraflops, okt. ngoku akukho maqela ashiywe kwinqanaba kunye nokusebenza okungaphantsi kwe-petaflop (kunyaka odlulileyo, amaqela angama-272 kuphela abonisa ukusebenza okungaphezulu kwe-petaflop, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo - i-138, iminyaka emithathu edlulileyo - i-94). Kwi-Top100, umda wokungena unyuke ukusuka kwi-1703 ukuya kwi-2395 teraflops;
• Ukusebenza okupheleleyo kwazo zonke iinkqubo zokulinganisa kunyukile enyakeni ukusuka kwi-1.22 ukuya kwi-1.559 exaflops (iminyaka emine eyadlulayo yayiyi-361 petaflops). Inkqubo evala indawo yangoku yayikwindawo ye-404 kwinqaku lokugqibela, kunye ne-249 ngonyaka ngaphambili;
• Ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kwenani leekhompyuter ezinkulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
  I-267 supercomputer ikhona e-Asia (iminyaka engama-261 eyadlulayo),
  I-127 eMelika (131) kunye ne-98 eYurophu (101), i-5 e-Oceania kunye ne-3 e-Afrika;

• Njengesiseko somprosesa, ii-Intel CPUs zikhokele - 95.6% (kunyaka odlulileyo yayingu-95%), kwindawo yesibini yi-IBM Power - 2.6% (ukusuka kwi-3%), kwindawo yesithathu yi-SPRC64 - 0.8% (1.2% ), kwindawo yesine yi-AMD - 0.4% (0.4%);
• I-33.2% (kunyaka ophelileyo i-13.8%) yazo zonke iiprosesa ezisetyenzisiweyo zine-20 cores, 16.8% (21.8%) - i-16 cores, 11.2% (8.6%) - 18 cores, 11.2% (21%) - 12 cores, 7% ( 8.2% ) - 14 cores;
• Iinkqubo ezili-133 kwezingama-500 (kunyaka ophelileyo - i-110) zisebenzisa i-accelerators okanye i-coprocessors, ngelixa iinkqubo ze-125 zisebenzisa iitshiphusi ze-NVIDIA (kunyaka ophelileyo bekukho i-96), i-5 - Intel Xeon Phi (bekukho 7), 1 - PEZY (4) , I-1 isebenzisa izisombululo ze-hybridi (kwakukho i-2), i-1 isebenzisa i-Matrix-2000 (1). Ii-GPU ze-AMD zikhutshiwe kuluhlu;
• Phakathi kwabavelisi beqela, iLenovo ithathe indawo yokuqala nge-34.6% (kunyaka odlulileyo i-23.4%), i-Inspur ibambe indawo yesibini nge-14.2% (13.6%), i-Sugon ithathe indawo yesithathu nge-12.6% (11%), kwaye yasuka kwindawo yesibini ukuya kweyesine. Hewlett-Packard - 8% (15.8%), indawo yesihlanu ibanjwe nguCray 7.8% (10.6%), ilandelwa nguBull 4.2% (4.2%), Dell EMC 3% (2.6%), Fujitsu 2.6% (2.6%) ) , IBM 2.4% (3.6%), iPenguin Computing - 1.8%, iHuawei 1.4% (2.8%). Okubangela umdla kukuba, kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo ukuhanjiswa phakathi kwabavelisi kwakumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Hewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, Cray 10.2% kunye neSGI 3.8% (3.4%).

Ngexesha elifanayo, ukukhutshwa okutsha kolunye ukulinganisa kweenkqubo ze-cluster kuyafumaneka Igrafu 500, igxile ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kwamaqonga eekhompyutha ezinkulu anxulunyaniswa nokulinganisa iinkqubo eziphathekayo kunye nemisebenzi yokusetyenzwa kweedatha ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo. Ukukala I-Green500 ngokwahlukeneyo ngakumbi ayikhutshwanga kwaye idityaniswe neTop500, njengoko kusetyenzwa ngamandla ngoku ibonakalisiwe kwi-Top500 rating ephambili (umlinganiselo we-LINPACK FLOPS kusetyenziso lwamandla kwi-watts ithathelwa ingqalelo).

umthombo: opennet.ru