Ushicilelo lwe-54 loluhlu lwee-supercomputers ezisebenza kakhulu zipapashwe

ipapashiwe Ushicilelo lwama-54 inqanaba Iikhompyuter ezingama-500 ezisebenza kakhulu kwihlabathi. Kushicilelo olutsha, ishumi eliphezulu alikatshintshi. Iqela likwindawo yokuqala kuluhlu Ingqungquthela imisiwe ngu-IBM e-Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA). Iqela liqhuba i-Red Hat Enterprise Linux kwaye ibandakanya i-2.4 yezigidi zeeprosesa ze-cores (usebenzisa i-22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz CPUs kunye ne-NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators), ebonelela ngokusebenza kwe-148 petaflops.

Iqela laseMelika lithatha indawo yesibini Sierra, efakwe kwi-Livermore National Laboratory yi-IBM ngesiseko seqonga elifana neNgqungquthela kunye nokubonisa ukusebenza kwi-94 petaflops (malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi ze-cores).

Kwindawo yesithathu liqela laseTshayina Ilanga TaihuLight, esebenza kwi-National Supercomputing Centre yaseChina, kubandakanywa ngaphezu kwe-10 yezigidi ze-computing cores kunye nokubonisa ukusebenza kwe-93 petaflops. Ngaphandle kwezalathi zokusebenza ezifanayo, iqela laseSierra lidla isiqingatha samandla amaninzi njengeSunway TaihuLight.

Kwindawo yesine yiqela laseTshayina iTianhe-2A, elibandakanya phantse i-5 yezigidi zeecores kwaye libonisa ukusebenza kwe-61 petaflops.

Iqela lithatha indawo yesihlanu kuluhlu Frontera, eveliswe nguDell kwiZiko leKhompyutha yaseTexas. Iqela liqhuba i-CentOS Linux 7 kwaye ibandakanya ngaphezu kwe-448 amawaka ee-cores esekwe kwi-Xeon Platinum 8280 28C 2.7GHz. Ubungakanani obupheleleyo be-RAM yi-1.5 PB, kwaye ukusebenza kufikelela kwi-petaflops ye-23, amaxesha angama-6 ngaphantsi kwenkokeli ekulinganisweni.

Eyona ndlela inomdla kakhulu:

• Iqela elitsha laseRashiya lathatha indawo ye-29 kwinqanaba SberCloud, yasungulwa nguSberbank. Iqela lakhiwe kwi-platform ye-NVIDIA DGX-2, isebenzisa i-Xeon Platinum 8168 24C 2.7GHz CPU kwaye ine-99600 cores computing. Ukusebenza kweSberCloud yi-6.6 petaflops. Inkqubo yokusebenza ngu-Ubuntu 18.04.01.

  Iqela lesibini lasekhaya, iLomonosov 2, lasuka kwi-6 ukuya kwindawo ye-93 kwindawo yokubeka ngaphezu kweenyanga ezi-107. Iqela phakathi IRoshydromet yehla ukusuka kuma-365 ukuya kuma-465 kwindawo. Inani lamaqela asekhaya kwinqanaba leenyanga ezintandathu liye landa ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3 (ngo-2017 kwakukho i-5 iinkqubo zasekhaya, kwaye ngo-2012 - 12);

• Ukuhanjiswa ngenani leekhompyuter ezinkulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo:
  • China: 228 (219 kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo). Iyonke, amaqela aseTshayina avelisa i-31.9% yayo yonke imveliso (iinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo - 29.9%);
  • USA: 117 (116). Iyonke imveliso iqikelelwa kuma-37.8% (kunyaka ophelileyo - 38.4%);
  • EJapan: 29 (29);
  • EFransi: 18 (19);
  • EJamani: 16 (14);
  • ENetherlands: 15 (13);
  • eIreland: 14 (13);
  • E-UK: 11 (18);
  • eKhanada 9 (8);
  • EItali: 5 (5);
  • eSingapore 4 (5);
  • EOstreliya, eMzantsi Korea, eSaudi Arabia, eBrazil, eRashiya: ezi-3;
• Kuluhlu lweenkqubo zokusebenza ezisetyenziswa kwii-supercomputers, i-Linux kuphela ihleli iminyaka emibini enesiqingatha;
• Ukusasazwa ngonikezelo lweLinux (kwizibiyeli - kwiinyanga ezi-6 ezidlulileyo):
  • I-49.6% (48.8%) ayinazinkcukacha ngosasazo,
  • I-26.4% (27.8%) isebenzisa i-CentOS,
  • 6.8% (7.6%) - Cray Linux,
  • 4.8% (4.8%) - RHEL,
  • 3% (3%) - SUSE,
  • 2% (1.6%) - Ubuntu;
  • 0.4% (0.4%) - I-Linux yezeNzululwazi
• Ubuncinci bomgangatho womsebenzi wokungena kwi-Top500 kwiinyanga ezi-6 zonyuka ukusuka kwi-1022 ukuya kwi-teraflops ye-1142 (kunyaka ophelileyo, amaqela angama-272 kuphela abonisa ukusebenza okungaphezulu kwe-petaflop, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo - 138, kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo - 94). Kwi-Top100, umda wokungena unyuke ukusuka kwi-2395 ukuya kwi-2570 teraflops;
• Ukusebenza okupheleleyo kwazo zonke iinkqubo kuhlelo kunyuswe enyakeni ukusuka kwi-1.559 ukuya kwi-1.650 exaflops (kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo yayingama-566 eepetaflops). Inkqubo evala indawo yangoku yayikwindawo ye-397 kwinqaku lokugqibela, kunye ne-311 kunyaka ongaphambili;
• Ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kwenani leekhompyuter ezinkulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
  I-274 supercomputer ikhona e-Asia (267 - kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo),
  129 eMelika (127) kunye 94 eYurophu (98), 3 eOceania;

• Njengesiseko somprosesa, ii-Intel CPUs zihamba phambili - i-94% (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo yayiyi-95.6%), kwindawo yesibini yi-IBM Power - 2.8% (ukusuka kwi-2.6%), kwindawo yesithathu yi-AMD - 0.6% (0.4% ), kwindawo yesine ngu-SPARC64 - 0.6% (0.8%);
• I-35.6% (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo 33.2%) yazo zonke iiprosesa ezisetyenzisiweyo zine-20 cores, 13.8% (16.8%) - 16 cores, 11.2% (11.2%) - 12 cores, 11% (11.2%) - 18 cores, 7.8% ( 7%) - 14 cores;
• Iinkqubo ezili-144 kwezingama-500 (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo - i-133) zisebenzisa i-accelerators okanye i-coprocessors, ngelixa iinkqubo ze-135 zisebenzisa iitshiphusi ze-NVIDIA (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo bekukho i-125), i-5 - Intel Xeon Phi (bekukho 5), 1 - PEZY (1) , I-1 isebenzisa izisombululo ze-hybridi (kwakukho i-1), i-1 isebenzisa i-Matrix-2000 (1), i-1 AMD Vega GPU (iinyanga ezi-XNUMX ezidlulileyo i-AMD accelerators ayizange isetyenziswe);
• Phakathi kwabavelisi beqela, uLenovo wathatha indawo yokuqala - 34.8% (kunyaka odlulileyo 34.6%), indawo yesibini
  USugon ukhokele ngo-14.2% (12.6%), i-Inspur ibambe indawo yesithathu-13.2% (14.2%), indawo yesine ibanjwe nguHewlett-Packard-7% (8%) ne-7% (7.8%), ilandelwe ngu-Atos. - 4.6% , IBM 2.6 (2.4%), Fujitsu 2.6% (2.6%), Penguin Computing - 2.2% (1.8%), Dell EMC 2.2% (3%), Huawei 2% (1.4%), NVIDIA 1.2%. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, ukuhanjiswa phakathi kwabavelisi kwakumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Hewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, Cray 10.2% kunye ne-SGI 3.8%;

• I-Ethernet isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ama-nodes kwi-52% yamaqela, i-InfiniBand isetyenziswe kwi-28% yamaqela, kwaye i-Omnipath isetyenziswe kwi-10%.

  Xa ujonge ukusebenza ngokubanzi, iinkqubo ze-InfiniBand-based account ye-40% ye-Top500 yokusebenza ngokubanzi, ngelixa i-Ethernet i-akhawunti ye-29%.

Ngexesha elifanayo, ukukhutshwa okutsha kolunye ukulinganisa kweenkqubo ze-cluster kuyafumaneka Igrafu 500, igxile ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kwamaqonga eekhompyutha ezinkulu anxulunyaniswa nokulinganisa iinkqubo eziphathekayo kunye nemisebenzi yokusetyenzwa kweedatha ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo. Ukukala I-Green500 ngokwahlukeneyo ngakumbi ayikhutshwanga kwaye idityaniswe neTop500, njengoko kusetyenzwa ngamandla ngoku ibonakalisiwe kwi-Top500 rating ephambili (umlinganiselo we-LINPACK FLOPS kusetyenziso lwamandla kwi-watts ithathelwa ingqalelo).

umthombo: opennet.ru