ProHoster > Ibhulogi > iindaba ze-intanethi > Ushicilelo lwe-60 lokulinganiswa kwezona zixhobo ziphezulu ze-supercomputers zipapashwe

Ushicilelo lwe-60 lokulinganiswa kwezona zixhobo ziphezulu ze-supercomputers zipapashwe

Ushicilelo lwe-60 loluhlu lweekhompyuter ze-500 ezisebenza kakhulu kwihlabathi lishicilelwe. Kuhlelo olutsha, kukho utshintsho olulodwa kuphela kwishumi eliphezulu-iqela likaLeonardo, elikwiziko lophando lwezenzululwazi lase-Italiya i-CINECA, lithathe indawo yesi-4. Iqela libandakanya phantse i-1.5 yezigidi zeprosesa (CPU Xeon Platinum 8358 32C 2.6GHz) kwaye ibonelela ngokusebenza kwe-255.75 petaflops ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-5610 kilowatts.

Abathathu abaphezulu, abafana neenyanga ezi-6 ezidlulileyo, baquka la maqela alandelayo:

  • I-Frontier-Igcinwe kwiSebe le-US le-Oak Ridge yeLebhu yeSizwe. Iqela phantse 9 million core processor (AMD EPYC 64C 2GHz CPU, AMD Instinct MI250X accelerator) kwaye ibonelela ukusebenza 1.102 exaflops, nto leyo phantse izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphezu cluster indawo yesibini (ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla Frontier ngama-30% ngaphantsi).
  • I-Fugaku - igcinwe kwi-RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (eJapan). Iqela lakhiwe ngokusebenzisa iiprosesa ze-ARM (i-158976 nodes esekelwe kwi-Fujitsu A64FX SoC, exhotywe nge-48-core Armv8.2-A SVE 2.2GHz CPU). I-Fugaku ihambisa i-442 petaflops yokusebenza.
  • I-LUMI ibanjwe kwi-European Supercomputing Centre (EuroHPC) eFinland kwaye ibonelela nge-151 petaflops yokusebenza. Iqela lakhiwe kwiqonga elifanayo le-HPE Cray EX235a njengenkokeli yokukala, kodwa ibandakanya i-1.1 yezigidi zeeprosesa (i-AMD EPYC 64C 2GHz, i-AMD Instinct MI250X i-accelerator, i-Slingshot-11 network).

Ngokuphathelele ii-supercomputers zasekhaya, i-Chervonenkis, i-Galushkin kunye ne-Lyapunov yamaqela adalwe yi-Yandex yehla ukusuka kwi-22, i-40 kunye ne-43 indawo ukuya kwi-25, i-44 kunye ne-47 indawo. La maqela enzelwe ukuxazulula iingxaki zokufunda koomatshini kunye nokubonelela ngokusebenza kwe-21.5, 16 kunye ne-12.8 petaflops, ngokulandelanayo. Amaqela aqhutywa nguBuntu 16.04 kwaye axhonywe nge-AMD Epyc Proces kunye ne-NVIDEIA A7 I-AMDE i-A100 i-A199 ye-AMDC inee-A193 GPUS), i-7702 i-64 yamawaka cores 2 1592C 100GH kunye 80 GPU NVIDIA A136 134G), Lyapunov - 7702 nodes (64 amawaka cores AMD EPYC 2 1088C 100GHz kunye 80 GPU NVIDIA A137 130G).

Iqela le-Christofari Neo elisetyenziswe yi-Sberbank lehla ukusuka kwi-46 ukuya kwindawo ye-50. UChristofari Neo uqhuba i-NVIDIA DGX OS 5 (Ubuntu edition) kwaye ubonisa ukusebenza kwe-11.9 petaflops. Iqela linama-cores angaphezu kwama-98 amawaka ekhompyuter esekwe kwi-AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz CPU kwaye iza ne-NVIDIA A100 80GB GPU. Iqela lesibini le-Sberbank (Christofari) lisuka kwi-80 ukuya kwindawo ye-87 kwindawo yokubeka ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu.

Amaqela amabini asekhaya angaphezulu nawo ahlala kwirenki: iLomonosov 2 - isuka kwi-262 ukuya kwi-290 indawo (ngo-2015, i-cluster ye-Lomonosov 2 yathatha indawo ye-31, kunye ne-Lomonosov eyandulelayo ngo-2011 - indawo ye-13) kunye ne-MTS GROM - isuka kwi-318 ukuya ku-352 indawo . Ngaloo ndlela, inani lamaqela asekhaya kwinqanaba alizange litshintshe kwaye, njengeenyanga ezintandathu ezedlulileyo, iinkqubo ezi-7 (ukuthelekisa, ngo-2020 kwakukho iinkqubo ezi-2 zasekhaya kwi-rankings, ngo-2017 - 5, kwaye ngo-2012 - 12).

Eyona ndlela inomdla kakhulu:

  • Ukuhanjiswa ngenani leekhompyuter ezinkulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo:
    • China: 162 (173 - kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo). Iyonke, amaqela aseTshayina avelisa i-10% yayo yonke imveliso (iinyanga ezintandathu ezedlulileyo - 12%);
    • USA: 127 (127). Iyonke imveliso iqikelelwa kwi-43.6% yayo yonke ireyithingi yemveliso (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo - 47.3%);
    • EJamani: 34 (31). Iyonke imveliso - 4.5%;
    • EJapan: 31 (34). Iyonke imveliso - 12.8%;
    • EFransi: 24 (22). Iyonke imveliso - 3.6%;
    • E-UK: 15 (12);
    • eKhanada ali-10 (14);
    • ENetherlands: 8 (6);
    • Mzantsi Korea 8 (6)
    • Brazil 8 (6);
    • iRashiya 7 (7);
    • EItali: 7 (6);
    • iSaudi Arabia 6 (6);
    • eSweden 6 (5);
    • EOstreliya 5 (5);
    • eIreland 5;
    • Poland 5 (5);
    • eSwitzerland 4 (4);
    • EFinland: 3 (4).
    • eSingapore: 3;
    • EIndiya: 3;
    • ePoland: 3;
    • ENorway: 3.
  • Kuluhlu lweenkqubo zokusebenza ezisetyenziswa kwii-supercomputers, kuphela i-Linux esele iminyaka emithandathu;
  • Ukusasazwa ngonikezelo lweLinux (kwizibiyeli - kwiinyanga ezi-6 ezidlulileyo):
    • I-47.8% (47.8%) ayinazinkcukacha ngolwabiwo;
    • I-17.2% (18.2%) isebenzisa i-CentOS;
    • 9.6% (8.8%) - RHEL;
    • 9% (8%) - Cray Linux;
    • 5.4% (5.2%) - Ubuntu;
    • 3.8% (3.8%) - SUSE;
    • 0.8% (0.8%) - Alma Linux;
    • 0.8% (0.8%) - Rocky Linux;
    • 0.2% (0.2%) - I-Linux yeNzululwazi.
  • Ubuncinci bomgangatho wokusebenza wokungena kwi-Top500 kwiinyanga ezi-6 yayiyi-1.73 petaflops (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo - 1.65 petaflops). Kwiminyaka emine edlulileyo, amaqela angama-272 kuphela abonisa ukusebenza okungaphezulu kwe-petaflop, kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo - 138, kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo - 94). Kwi-Top100, umda wokungena unyuke ukusuka kwi-5.39 ukuya kwi-9.22 petaflops;
  • Ukusebenza okupheleleyo kwazo zonke iinkqubo zokulinganisa kwiinyanga ezi-6 kunyuke ukusuka kwi-4.4 ukuya kwi-4.8 exaflops (iminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo yayiyi-1.650 exaflops, kwaye kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo - i-749 petaflops). Inkqubo evala indawo yangoku yayikwindawo ye-458 kwinqaku lokugqibela;
  • Ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kwenani lee-supercomputers kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ii-supercomputer ze-218 zifumaneka e-Asia (229 - kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo), i-137 eMntla Melika (141) kunye ne-131 eYurophu (118), i-8 eMzantsi. IMelika (6), i-5 e-Oceania (5) kunye ne-1 e-Afrika (1);
  • Njengesiseko somprosesa, ii-Intel CPUs zikhokele - 75.6% (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo ibiyi-77.4%), i-AMD ikwindawo yesibini nge-20.2% (18.8%), kwaye i-IBM Power ikwindawo yesithathu - 1.4% (yayiyi-1.4). %).
  • I-22.2% (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo i-20%) yazo zonke iiprosesa ezisetyenzisiweyo zinee-cores ezingama-24, i-15.8% (15%) - i-cores 64, i-14.2% (19.2%) - i-20 cores, i-8.4% (8.8%) - i-16 cores, i-7.6% ( 8.2% ) - 18 cores, 6% - 28 cores, 5% (5.4%) - 12 cores.
  • I-177 kwiinkqubo ze-500 (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo - i-167) iphinda isebenzise i-accelerators okanye i-coprocessors, ngelixa iinkqubo ze-161 zisebenzisa iitshiphu ze-NVIDIA, 9 - AMD, 2 - Intel Xeon Phi (ukusuka kwi-5), 1 - PEZY (1), 1 - MN- Ingundoqo, i-1 - iMatrix-2000;
  • Phakathi kwabavelisi beqela, iLenovo ibambe indawo yokuqala nge-32% (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo 32%), i-Hewlett-Packard Enterprise ibambe indawo yesibini nge-20.2% (19.2%), i-Inspur ibambe indawo yesithathu nge-10% (10%), ilandelwa ngu-Atos - I-8.6% (8.4%), i-Sugon 6.8% (7.2%), i-Dell EMC 3.6% (3.4%), i-NVIDIA 2.8% (2.8%), i-NEC 2.4% (2%), i-Fujitsu 2% (2.6%), i-MEGWARE 1.2 %, iPenguin Computing - 1.2% (1.2%), IBM 1.2% (1.2%), iHuawei 0.4% (1.4%).
  • I-Ethernet isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ama-nodes kwi-46.6% (iinyanga ezintandathu ezedlulileyo 45.4%) yamaqela, i-InfiniBand isetyenziswe kwi-38.8% (39.2%) yamaqela, i-Omnipath - 7.2% (7.8%). Ukujonga ukusebenza ngokubanzi, iinkqubo ze-InfiniBand-based account ye-33.6% (32.4%) ye-Top500 yokusebenza ngokubanzi, ngelixa i-Ethernet i-46.2% (45.1%).

Kwixesha elizayo elingekude, upapasho lohlelo olutsha lolunye uhlengahlengiso lweenkqubo zeqela iGrafu 500, egxile ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kwamaqonga eekhompyutha ezinkulu anxulumene nokulinganisa iinkqubo zomzimba kunye nemisebenzi yokusetyenzwa kweedatha ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, kulindeleke. I-Green500, i-HPCG (i-High-Performance Conjugate Gradient) kunye ne-HPL-AI yokulinganisa idibaniswe ne-Top500 kwaye ibonakaliswe kwi-Top500 yokukala.

umthombo: opennet.ru

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