"Ngolunye usuku ebomini be-squirrel" okanye ukusuka kwimodeli yenkqubo ukuya kuyilo lwenkqubo yokubala ubutyebi obuzenzekelayo "i-Belka-1.0" (Icandelo 2)
Isishwankathelo sesiqendu sangaphambili
Π Sisebenzise isizinda βsentsomiβ, sikhuthazwa yimizekelo yokufunda imizobo ye-UML esekwe kwibali lentsomi (bona, umzekelo, [1]). Phambi kokuba kuqale umfuziselo, siye savumelana ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile zomzobo woMsebenzi kwaye saqala ukwenza isivumelwano somfuziselo. Ukuthatha ezi zivumelwano, kwinqanaba le-1 sichaze inkqubo ngendlela yemizobo yoMsebenzi, kwaye kwinqanaba le-2 sichonge amanyathelo enkqubo apho i-automation iyadingeka (kwaye kunokwenzeka).
Makhe ndikukhumbuze ukuba siya kwenza ngokuzenzekelayo umsebenzi wokubalwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ezivela kwezi nkqubo.
...
Isiqithi silele elwandle, (E1, E2)
Kukho isichotho esiqithini (E3, E1)
Kunye neecawa ezilawulwa yigolide, (E4)
Neenqaba nemiyezo; (E5, E6)
Umthi wespruce ukhula phambi kwebhotwe, (E7, E8)
Kwaye ngaphantsi kwayo yindlu yekristale; (E9)
Unomatse ohlala apho, (A1)
Ewe, olunjani lona ulonwabo! (A1)
Unomatse ucula iingoma, (P1, A1)
Ewe, uqhubeka edla amandongomane, (P2)
Kodwa amandongomane ayilula, (C1)
Onke amaqokobhe anegolide, (C2)
Undoqo yi-emeraldi ecocekileyo; (C3)
Izicaka zigada unomatse, (P3, A2)
Bamkhonza njengezicaka ezahlukeneyo (P4)
Kwaye kwabelwa umabhalane (A3)
Ingxelo engqongqo yamandongomane ziindaba; (P5, C1)
Umkhosi uyambulisa; (P6, A4)
Ingqekembe igalelwa kumaqokobhe, (P7, C2, C4)
Mabajikeleze ihlabathi; (P8)
Amantombazana agalela i-emerald (P9, A5, C3)
koovimba nangaphantsi; (E10, E11)
...
(A.S. Pushkin "Ibali leTsar Saltan, iqhawe lakhe elizukileyo nelinamandla, iNkosana uGuidon Saltanovich kunye neNkosana enhle yaseNkosana", )
Kulo mzekelo ndisebenzisa isakhelo se-Enterprise Architect esivela kwinkampani yase-Australia [2], kwaye ngexesha leeseshoni zoqeqesho ndisebenzisa [3].
Makhe ndikukhumbuze ukuba kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, unokuqhelana, umzekelo, [4] kunye [5].
Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga neendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zokubonisa kunye noyilo, bona [6, 7].
Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo ze-UML, bona [8].
Ngoku sikulungele ukuqhubela phambili kumanyathelo alandelayo kwaye siqalise ukuyila ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nombutho wangaphakathi. Amanani emizobo aya kuqhubeka.
Inqanaba 3. Isinyathelo esizenzekelayo kufuneka sidibaniswe nomsebenzi okanye imisebenzi yenkqubo
Inkqubo ezenzekelayo (AS) ephuhliswayo yenzelwe ukugcina iirekhodi ezingqongqo zamantongomane, khumbula? Kwinyathelo ngalinye eliphawulweyo (jonga uMfanekiso 3, uMfanekiso 4 ), esiza kuzenza ngokuzenzekelayo, bhala phantsi imfuno esebenzayo usebenzisa malunga nolwakhiwo olulandelayo: "Isistim kufuneka siphumeze isakhono..." kwaye siphuhlise i- Use-case diagram. Ngoku ngokwenene songeza imithetho emitsha kwisivumelwano sethu somzekelo. Makhe ndikucacisele ukuba zeziphi izinto esiza kuzisebenzisa.
Siza kusebenzisa uxhulumaniso lwe "Association" phakathi kwe "Indima yoMsebenzisi" kunye "noMsebenzi" (Umfanekiso 5), oku kuthetha ukuba umsebenzisi onale nxaxheba angenza lo msebenzi.
Umzobo 5. Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwane bohlobo loMbutho
Ukusuka kwi "Umsebenzi" ukuya kwi "Imfuno" siya kutsala uxhulumaniso "lokuPhunyezwa" (Umfanekiso 6) ukubonisa ukuba le mfuneko iya kuphunyezwa yile misebenzi; ubudlelwane bunokuba "baninzi-kuninzi", okt. Umsebenzi omnye unokubandakanyeka ekuphumezeni iimfuno ezininzi, kwaye ngaphezulu komsebenzi omnye unokufuneka ukuphumeza imfuno.
Umzobo 6. Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwane bohlobo "lokuPhunyezwa".
Ukuba umsebenzi omnye ufuna ukwenziwa kwawo ukuba omnye umsebenzi uphunyezwe, kwaye ngokuyimfuneko, siya kusebenzisa "uXhomekeko" uqhagamshelwano nge "Bandakanya" stereotype (Figure 7). Ukuba ukuphunyezwa komsebenzi owongezelelweyo kuyadingeka phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ngoko siya kusebenzisa uxhulumaniso lwe "Dependency" kunye ne "Yandisa" i-stereotype. Yonke into ilula kakhulu ukuyikhumbula: βBandakanyaβ KUSOLOKO, kwaye βYandisaβ NGAMAXESHA.
Umzobo 7. Ukusebenzisa "Ukuxhomekeka (ukudibanisa)" ubudlelwane
Ngenxa yoko, umzobo wethu uya kujongeka ngolu hlobo (Umfanekiso 8).
Umzobo 8. Umzobo wemeko yokusetyenziswa (imodeli esebenzayo ye-AC)
Ukongezelela, umzobo we- Use-case diagram usetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iindima zabasebenzisi (Umfanekiso 9).
Umzobo 9. Umzobo wemeko yokusetyenziswa (iindima zabasebenzisi be-AS)
Inqanaba 4. Masichaze umbutho wangaphakathi we-AS sisebenzisa umzobo weklasi
Ukusebenzisa ulwazi malunga negalelo kunye nemveliso yemveliso yenkqubo yethu (jonga imizobo yoMsebenzi - umzobo 2, umzobo 3, umzobo 4), siya kuphuhlisa umzobo weklasi. Siza kusebenzisa izinto zemodeli "yeKlasi" kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana phakathi kwazo.
Ukubonisa "inxalenye epheleleyo" yobudlelwane, siya kusebenzisa ubudlelwane bohlobo lwe "Aggregation" (Umfanekiso 10): i-nut iyonke, kunye neegobolondo kunye ne-kernel ngamalungu.
Umzobo 10. Ubudlelwane obupheleleyo
Ngenxa yoko, isiqwenga somzobo wethu siya kujongeka ngolu hlobo (Umfanekiso 11). Iiklasi esizigxininise ngokuthe ngqo kwinkcazo yombhalo wenkqubo imakishwe ngombala.
Umzobo 11. Umzobo weklasi
Umzobo weklasi wawukwasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ezinye izinto zakudala - hayi kuphela ezo ziya kunxulumana nemodeli yengqikelelo yenkqubo ezenzekelayo yobalo lwempahla yexabiso, kodwa enxulumene nemeko-bume yokuphunyezwa - okusingqongileyo (Umfanekiso 12) kunye "nommelwane" iinkqubo (Umfanekiso we-13) onokuchaphazela inkqubo ezenzekelayo, kodwa ayikabikho kwingqwalasela yethu (sicinga ukuba inkqubo iya kuphuhlisa kwaye le ngcaciso iya kuba luncedo).
Umzobo 12. Umzobo weklasi (indalo)
Ubudlelwane belifa bubonisa ukuguqulwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo, iiklasi "zomntwana", phantsi kweklasi "umzali" jikelele "iSakhiwo".
Umzobo 13. Umzobo weklasi (ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nezinto zakudala)
"Ukusabela kwimeko" kuxhomekeke kwi "Visual control data". Kubudlelwane obuninzi bokuxhomekeka, i-"trace" stereotype isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukulandelwa kweeklasi ezingachongwanga ngokucacileyo kwinkcazo yenkqubo, kodwa ezifunekayo ukuyitshintsha, kwiiklasi ezinemizekelo echazwe ngokucacileyo kwinkcazo yethu.
Inqanaba 5. Makhe sihlalutye amanqaku kwingoma ethi "Imigaqo yoShishino".
Imigaqo yayicacisiwe (jonga uMfanekiso 2 ):
- isidingo sokwahlula elinye lamanyathelo kwiindawo ezi-2, inxalenye yesibini iqala ukuphunyezwa kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile;
- ukuqeshwa kwegosa elithile ukuba liqhube ingxelo yeendongomane;
- ubuchule (umbala omhlophe wezinto) obonisa ukuba into ayizange ichazwe ngokucacileyo kwinkcazo yenkqubo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba sele sisebenzise yonke le migaqo xa siphuhlisa imizobo.
Amagqabantshintshi okugqibela
Ngoko, siye sahamba ngezigaba ezi-5 kwaye sakha iintlobo ezi-3 zemizobo. Ndiya kongeza inkcazo encinci malunga nombutho weemodeli zethu kwindawo yokulinganisa. Kukho inani elikhulu lezakhelo ezinceda ukuqulunqa iimodeli eziphuhliswayo, kodwa oku akusiyo umxholo weli nqaku, ngoko siya kuzikhawulela kwisethi elula yeepakethi zolawulo olucwangcisiweyo lweprojekthi yethu: Inkqubo yoShishino, iModeli yoMsebenzi. , I-Artifacts, abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nokusiNgqongileyo (Umfanekiso 14).
Umzobo 14. Ubume bephakheji yeprojekthi
Ngaloo ndlela, siye saqulunqa iimodeli ezihambelanayo ezichaza inkqubo yokubala izinto ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo: imodeli yenkqubo yoshishino oluzenzekelayo, imodeli esebenzayo kunye nomzekelo wombutho wangaphakathi wenkqubo kwinqanaba leengcamango.
Uluhlu lwemithombo
- Iwebhusayithi "UML2.ru". Umhlalutyi weForam yoLuntu. Icandelo ngokubanzi. Imizekelo. Imizekelo yamabali afomathiweyo njengemizobo ye-UML. [Isixhobo sombane] Indlela yokufikelela: I-Intanethi:
- Iwebhusayithi yeSparx Systems. [Isixhobo sombane] Indlela yokufikelela: I-Intanethi:
- Iwebhusayithi yeModelio. [Isixhobo sombane] Indlela yokufikelela: I-Intanethi:
- Big Encyclopedic Dictionary. Inkqubo (ingcaciso). [Isixhobo sombane] Indlela yokufikelela: I-Intanethi:
- Iwebhusayithi "Umbutho woLawulo olusebenzayo". Ibhlog. Udidi "Ulawulo lweNkqubo yoShishino". Inkcazo yenkqubo yeshishini. [Isixhobo sombane] Indlela yokufikelela: I-Intanethi:
- Isatifikethi esingu-18249 sokubhaliswa kunye nediphozithi yomsebenzi wengqondo. Alfimov R.V., Zolotukhina E.B., Krasnikova S.A. Umbhalo-ngqangi woncedo lokufundisa olunesihloko esithi βModeling a subject area using Enterprise Architectβ // 2011.
- Zolotukhina E.B., Vishnya A.S., Krasnikova S.A. Imodeli yenkqubo yeshishini. - M.: IKHOSI, SIC INFRA-M, EBS Znanium.com. - 2017.
- I-OMG yoLwimi oluManyeneyo lweModeli (OMG UML) Ukucaciswa. Inguqulelo 2.5.1. [Isixhobo sombane] Indlela yokufikelela: I-Intanethi:
umthombo: www.habr.com