Lonke ulandelelwano lwe-DNA lweentlobo zobomi eziphononongwa zizazinzulu zigcinwe kuvimba weenkcukacha weZiko leSizwe loLwazi lweBiotechnology eUnited States. Kwaye nge-1 ka-Epreli, into entsha yavela kuvimba wedatha: "Caulobacter ethensis-2.0." Le yeyokuqala yehlabathi imodeli egcweleyo yekhompyuter yaze emva koko yadityaniswa yegenome yokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo, ephuhliswe zizazinzulu ezivela kwi-ETH Zurich (ETH Zurich). Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba nangona i-genome yeC.
Umsebenzi wophando wenziwa nguBeat Christen, unjingalwazi webhayoloji yovavanyo, kunye nomntakwabo uMatthias Christen, ikhemisti. I-genome entsha, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, yenziwe ngokucoca kunye nokuphucula ikhowudi yendalo ye-bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, ibhaktheriya engenabungozi ehlala emanzini amatsha emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, iqela elikhokelwa yingcaphephe yemfuza uCraig Venter lela intsholongwane yokuqala βyokwenziwaβ. Ekuhambeni komsebenzi wabo, izazinzulu zenza ikopi ye-Mycoplasma mycoides genome, emva koko yafakwa kwiseli ephetheyo, eyathi ke yabonakala isebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye yagcina amandla okuzivelisa.
Uphononongo olutsha luyaqhubeka nomsebenzi kaKreiger. Ukuba ngaphambili izazinzulu zenze imodeli yedijithali ye-DNA yezinto eziphilayo kwaye zenze i-molecule esekelwe kuyo, iprojekthi entsha iqhubela phambili, isebenzisa ikhowudi ye-DNA yasekuqaleni. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zayilungisa kwakhona phambi kokuba idityaniswe kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo.
Abaphandi baqala ngeC. crescentus genome yokuqala, equlethe i-4000 yemfuza. Njengazo naziphi na izinto eziphilayo, uninzi lwale mizila yemfuza ayinalwazi kwaye βyinkunkuma ye-DNAβ. Emva kohlalutyo, izazinzulu zafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kuphela malunga nama-680 kubo ayimfuneko ukugcina ubomi bebhaktheriya kwibhubhoratri.
Emva kokususa i-junk DNA kunye nokufumana i-genome encinci ye-C. crescentus, iqela laqhubeka nomsebenzi walo. I-DNA yezinto eziphilayo ibonakaliswe kubukho be-redundancy eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, equlethwe kwinto yokuba ukuhlanganiswa kweprotheni efanayo kufakwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zofuzo kumacandelo amaninzi ekhonkco. Abaphandi batshintshe ngaphezu kwe-1/6 yeeleta ze-800 ze-DNA kwi-optimization yokususa ikhowudi ephindwe kabini.
"Siyabulela kwi-algorithm yethu, sibhale ngokutsha i-genome kulandelelwano olutsha lweeleta ze-DNA ezingasafaniyo neyokuqala," utshilo uBeat Christen, umbhali okhokeleyo wolu phando. Kwangelo xesha, umsebenzi webhayoloji kwinqanaba leprotein synthesis wahlala ungatshintshi.
Ukuvavanya ukuba ikhonkco eliphumela liza kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiseli ephilayo, abaphandi bakhulisa uhlobo lweebhaktheriya ezazinayo i-Caulobacter genome yendalo kunye namacandelo e-genome yokwenziwa kwi-DNA yayo. Oosonzululwazi bacima imizila yemfuza yendalo nganye kwaye bavavanya ukukwazi koogxa babo bokwenziwa ukwenza indima efanayo yebhayoloji. Isiphumo saba sihle kakhulu: malunga nama-580 kuma-680 emfuza enziweyo abonakala esebenza.
"Ngolwazi olufunyenweyo, siya kukwazi ukuphucula i-algorithm yethu kwaye siphuhlise inguqu entsha ye-genome 3.0," kusho uKristen. "Sikholelwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo siza kudala iiseli zebhaktheriya eziphilayo ezine-genome eyenziwe ngokupheleleyo."
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ezo zifundo ziya kunceda izazi zemfuza zijonge ukuchaneka kolwazi lwabo kwinkalo yokuqonda i-DNA kunye nendima yemfuza nganye kuyo, kuba nayiphi na impazamo ekudityanisweni kwekhonkco iya kukhokelela kwinto yokuba into ephilayo kunye nomzimba I-genome entsha iya kufa okanye ibe nesiphene. Kwixesha elizayo, ziya kukhokelela ekuveleni kwee-microorganisms zokwenziwa eziza kudalwa kwimisebenzi emiselweyo. Iintsholongwane ezenziweyo ziya kukwazi ukulwa nezihlobo zabo zendalo, kwaye ibhaktheriya ekhethekileyo iya kuvelisa iivithamini okanye amayeza.
Uphononongo lwapapashwa kwiphephancwadi PNAS.
umthombo: 3dnews.ru