Kwinkomfa yokugqibela yanikezelwa uMnqwazi oMnyama , ezinikezelwe kwiingxaki zokhuseleko kwiinkqubo zokufikelela kwi-Intanethi yesathelayithi. Umbhali wengxelo, esebenzisa ummkeli we-DVB ongabizi kakhulu, ubonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukubamba i-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ehanjiswa ngeziteshi zonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi.
Umxhasi unokuqhagamshela kumnikezeli wesathelayithi ngokusebenzisa asymmetric okanye i-symmetric channels. Kwimeko yeshaneli ye-asymmetric, i-traffic ephumayo evela kumxhasi ithunyelwa ngomnikezeli we-terrestrial kwaye ifunyenwe nge-satellite. Kumakhonkco alinganayo, izithuthi eziphumayo nezingenayo zidlula kwisathelayithi. Iipakethi ezibhekiswe kumxhasi zithunyelwa ukusuka kwisathelayithi kusetyenziswa usasazo losasazo olubandakanya izithuthi ezisuka kubathengi abahlukeneyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bahlala phi na. Kwakungekho nzima ukuthintela itrafikhi enjalo, kodwa ukuthintela itrafikhi evela kumthengi ngesathelayithi kwakungelula kangako.
Ukutshintshiselana ngedatha phakathi kwesathelayithi kunye nomboneleli, ukuhanjiswa okugxininiswe ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa, okudinga ukuba umhlaseli abe ngamashumi eekhilomitha eziliqela ukusuka kwisiseko somboneleli, kwaye usebenzisa uluhlu lwamaza ohlukeneyo kunye neefomathi ze-encoding, uhlalutyo olufuna izixhobo zomboneleli ezibiza kakhulu. . Kodwa nangona umboneleli usebenzisa i-Ku-band eqhelekileyo, njengomthetho, ii-frequencies zeendlela ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka, ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwesitya se-satellite sesibini kunye nokusombulula ingxaki yokuvumelanisa umjelo wokungenelela kumacala omabini.
Kwakucingelwa ukuba ukulungiselela ukungenelela konxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, kwakufuneka izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezixabisa amashumi amawaka eedola, kodwa eneneni uhlaselo olunjalo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa. ituner kamabonakude wesathelayithi (TBS 6983/6903) kunye ne-eriyali yeparabolic. Ixabiso lilonke lekhithi yohlaselo yayimalunga ne-300 yeedola. Ukukhomba i-eriyali kwiisathelayithi, ulwazi olufumaneka esidlangalaleni malunga nendawo yeesathelayithi lusetyenzisiwe, kunye nokubona amajelo onxibelelwano, isicelo esiqhelekileyo esilungiselelwe ukukhangela iziteshi zeTV zesathelayithi zasetyenziswa. I-eriyali yayikhonjwe kwisathelayithi kwaye inkqubo yokuskena yaqala .
Imijelo yachongwa ngokuchonga iincopho kwizandi zerediyo ezaziphawuleka ngokuchasene nengxolo engasemva. Emva kokuchonga incopho, ikhadi le-DVB lacwangciswa ukutolika kunye nokurekhoda umqondiso njengosasazo lwevidiyo yedijithali rhoqo kumabonakude wesathelayithi. Ngoncedo lokungenelela kovavanyo, ubume betrafikhi buchongiwe kwaye idatha ye-Intanethi yahlulwa kumabonwakude wedijithali (ukukhangela kwe-banal kwasetyenziswa kwindawo yokulahla ekhutshwe yikhadi le-DVB kusetyenziswa imaski ye-"HTTP", ukuba ifunyenwe, kwacatshangelwa ukuba. itshaneli enedatha ye-Intanethi ifunyenwe).
Uphononongo lwetrafikhi lubonise ukuba bonke ababoneleli be-Intanethi abahlalutyiweyo abayisebenzisi i-encryption ngokungagqibekanga, evumela ukuvalelwa kwetrafikhi okungathintelekiyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba izilumkiso malunga satellite iingxaki zokhuseleko Internet kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, kodwa ukususela ngoko imeko ayizange itshintshe, nangona ukuqaliswa kweendlela ezintsha zokuhambisa idatha. Ukutshintshela kwi-GSE entsha (i-Generic Stream Encapsulation) yeprotocol yokufaka i-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokumodareyitha eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ne-32-dimensional amplitude modulation kunye ne-APSK (i-Phase Shift Keying) ayizange yenze ukuhlaselwa kube nzima ngakumbi, kodwa iindleko zezixhobo zokuqhawula. ngoku yehle ukusuka kwi-$50000 ukuya kutsho kwii-$300.
Ukubuyisela umva okubalulekileyo xa kuthunyelwa idatha kusetyenziswa amajelo onxibelelwano ngesathelayithi kukulibaziseka okukhulu kakhulu ekuhanjisweni kwepakethi (~ 700 ms), okuphindwe kalishumi kunolibaziseko xa kuthunyelwa iipakethi kusetyenziswa amajelo onxibelelwano asemhlabeni. Eli nqaku lineempembelelo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezimbi kukhuseleko: ukungabikho kokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-VPNs kunye nokungabikho kokhuseleko kwi-spoofing (ukutshintshwa kwepakethi). Kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-VPN kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa malunga ne-90%, ethi, kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukulibaziseka okukhulu ngokwabo, kwenza i-VPN ingasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kunye neziteshi zesathelayithi.
Ubungozi be-spoofing buchazwa yinto yokuba umhlaseli unokuphulaphula ngokupheleleyo i-traffic efika kwixhoba, okwenza kube lula ukugqiba iinombolo zokulandelelana kwiipakethi ze-TCP ezichonga uxhulumaniso. Xa uthumela ipakethi yomgunyathi ngetshaneli esemhlabeni, iphantse yaqinisekiswa ukuba ifike ngaphambi kokuba ipakethe yokwenyani ihanjiswe ngetshaneli yesathelayithi enolibaziseka olude kwaye idlula kumboneleli wohambo.
Iithagethi ezilula zokuhlaselwa kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi yesathelayithi zitrafikhi ze-DNS, i-HTTP engafihlwanga kunye ne-imeyile, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngabathengi abangabhalwanga. Kwi-DNS, kulula ukuququzelela ukuthunyelwa kweempendulo ze-DNS ezingeyonyani ezidibanisa i-domain kumncedisi womhlaseli (umhlaseli unokuvelisa impendulo eyinkohliso ngokukhawuleza emva kokuva isicelo kwi-traffic, ngelixa isicelo sokwenyani kufuneka sidlule kumboneleli okhonzayo. i-satellite traffic). Uhlalutyo lwetrafikhi ye-imeyile ikuvumela ukuba ubambe ulwazi oluyimfihlo, umzekelo, unokuqalisa inkqubo yokubuyisela iphasiwedi kwiwebhusayithi kwaye ujonge kwi-traffic yomyalezo othunyelwe nge-imeyile ngekhowudi yokuqinisekisa yokusebenza.
Ngexesha lovavanyo, malunga ne-4 TB yedatha ehanjiswa ngamasathelayithi ayi-18 yabanjwa. Ulungelelwaniso olusetyenzisiweyo kwiimeko ezithile aluzange lubonelele ngokuthembekileyo ukuxhamla uxhulumaniso ngenxa yomlinganiselo ophezulu we-signal-to-noise kunye nokufunyanwa kweepakethi ezingaphelelanga, kodwa ulwazi oluqokelelweyo lwanele ukuthomalalisa. Eminye imizekelo yoko kwafunyanwa kwidatha ebanjiweyo:
- Ulwazi lokuhamba kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ze-avionics ezithunyelwa kwiinqwelomoya zamkelwa. Olu lwazi aluzange luhanjiswe kuphela ngaphandle kokubhaliweyo, kodwa nakwijelo elifanayo kunye ne-traffic yenethiwekhi yebhodi jikelele, apho abakhweli bathumela i-imeyile kunye nokukhangela iiwebhusayithi.
- Iseshoni ye-Cookie yomlawuli wejenereyitha yomoya kumzantsi weFransi, oqhagamshele kwinkqubo yokulawula ngaphandle kombhalo ofihliweyo, yamkelwa.
- Utshintshiselwano ngolwazi malunga neengxaki zobugcisa kwinqanawa yeoli yaseYiputa yabanjwa. Ukongeza kwinkcazelo yokuba inqanawa ayinakukwazi ukuhamba elwandle isithuba esingangenyanga, kwafunyanwa ulwazi malunga negama nenombolo yokundwendwela yenjineli enoxanduva lokulungisa le ngxaki.
- Inqanawa yokhenketho yayithumela ulwazi oluyimfihlo malunga nothungelwano lwayo lwengingqi ukuya Windows, kuquka idatha yoqhagamshelo egcinwe kwi-LDAP.
- Igqwetha laseSpain lathumela umxhasi ileta eneenkcukacha zetyala elizayo.
- Ngexesha lokuphazanyiswa kwetrafikhi kwi-yacht yebhiliyoni yamaGrike, igama lokubuyisela iakhawunti elithunyelwe nge-imeyile kwiinkonzo zeMicrosoft liye labanjwa.
umthombo: opennet.ru
