Ukujonga ukufikeleleka

NgoLwesihlanu kukuphela kosuku lokusebenza. Iindaba ezimbi zihlala zifika ekupheleni kosuku lokusebenza ngoLwesihlanu.

Uza kushiya iofisi, ileta entsha malunga nolunye uhlengahlengiso isanda kufika ngeposi.

Enkosi xxxx, yyy ukusukela namhlanje uza kuxela zzzz
...
Kwaye iqela likaHugh liyakuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zethu ziyafikeleleka kubantu abakhubazekileyo.

Oh hayi! Kwakutheni ukuze indifanele le nto? Bafuna ndihambe? Zibekele umsebenzi onzima ongenambulelo kwaye uzame ukulungisa iimpazamo zabanye abantu. Oku kukusilela ngokuqinisekileyo...

Oku ibikubukho kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Eminye imiphefumlo ehluphekileyo yanikwa umsebenzi "wokucoca" i-UI ukuzama ukuyenza ifikeleleke kubantu abakhubazekileyo.

Eyona nto yayithethwa yile nto yayingacacanga- ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unokusibona isalathisi kunye nethebhu ngokusebenzisa amasimi, ube nesicatshulwa se-alt kunye neenkcazo ezimbalwa zentsimi, kuya kuqwalaselwa ukuba isicelo sakho siyafikeleleka ...

Kodwa ngequbuliso “iincukuthu” zaqalisa ukwanda ngesantya somkhukula.

Abafundi besikrini abahlukeneyo (Eng. I-Screen Readers) kunye nezikhangeli ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Abasebenzisi baye bakhalaza ukuba usetyenziso alusebenziseki.

Kwakuba kulungiswe impazamo kwenye indawo, kwavela enye kwenye.

Kwaye ukutshintsha ngokulula kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo zojongano lomsebenzisi kufuna iinzame zeHerculean.

Ndandilapho. Ndasinda, kodwa asizange "siphumelele" - ngokobuchwepheshe sacoca kakhulu, songeza iinkcazo ezininzi zentsimi, iindima, kwaye siphumelele inqanaba elithile lokuthotyelwa, kodwa akukho mntu wayevuya. Abasebenzisi basakhalaza ngelithi abakwazanga ukuzula kwisicelo. Umphathi wakhalaza ngeempazamo eziqhubekayo. Iinjineli zakhalaza ngelithi le ngxaki yenziwe ngendlela engeyiyo, kungekho sicombululo “esichanekileyo” esichazwe ngokucacileyo esiya kusebenza kuzo zonke iimeko.

Bekukho amaxesha agqibe kwelokuba avule amehlo kuhambo lwam lokuqonda ukufikeleleka.
Mhlawumbi okokuqala kukuqonda ukuba ukongeza ukusebenza kokufikeleleka phezulu kwemveliso egqityiweyo kwakunzima. Kwaye kunzima ukukholisa abaphathi ukuba kunzima kakhulu! Hayi, ayisiyiyo nje "yongeza iithegi ezimbalwa" kwaye i-UI iya kusebenza kakuhle. Hayi, oku akunakugqitywa kwiiveki ezintathu; neenyanga ezintathu aziyi kwanela.
Umzuzu wam olandelayo wenyaniso weza xa ndabona okokuqala indlela abasebenzisi abaziimfama abayisebenzisa ngayo iapp yethu. Oku kwahluke kakhulu ekujongeni imiyalezo yemposiso.

Ndiza kuphinda ndibuyele kule nto, kodwa phantse zonke "iintelekelelo" zethu malunga nendlela abantu abasebenzisa ngayo usetyenziso lwethu bezingalunganga.

Ukukhangela ujongano lomsebenzisi oluntsonkothileyo usebenzisa amaqhosha Tab/Shift+Tab - oku kumnandi! Sifuna into engcono. Iindlela ezimfutshane zekhibhodi, iiheader.

Ukuphulukana nogxininiso xa utshintsha i-UI akuyongxaki enkulu, akunjalo? Masiphinde sicinge - oku kuyabhida ngendlela emangalisayo.

Ndaqhubeka, ndasebenza kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo kwithuba elithile, kwaye emva koko saqala iprojekthi entsha, kunye ne-interface yomsebenzisi eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokufakwa okucacileyo, ekugqibeleni ukufumana ukufikeleleka ngokufanelekileyo ngeli xesha.

Ke, sithathe umva kwaye sajonga ukuba singayiphumeza njani na le nto ngokwahlukileyo kwaye siphumelele, kwaye siyenze inkqubo ingakruquli!

Ngokukhawuleza safikelela kwizigqibo ezithile:

1. Besingafuni ukuba abantu abaphuhlisa ujongano lomsebenzisi bangcolise iilebhile ze-aria/iindima kwaye, ewe, ubume be-HTML bamacandelo. Bekufuneka sibanike izinto ezifanelekileyo ezakha ukufikelela kanye ngaphandle kwebhokisi.
2. Ukufikeleleka == Ukusebenziseka lula - okt. Lo ayingomceli mngeni wezobugcisa kuphela. Kwakufuneka sitshintshe yonke inkqubo yoyilo kwaye siqinisekise ukuba ukufikeleleka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwaye kuxoxwe ngaphambi kokuba uyilo lwe-UI luqale. Kuya kufuneka ucinge kwangethuba malunga nendlela abasebenzisi abaya kufumanisa ngayo nayiphi na into esebenzayo, indlela abaya kuhamba ngayo, kunye nendlela yokucofa ekunene kwikhibhodi kuya kusebenza. Ukufikeleleka kufuneka kube yinxalenye yenkqubo yoyilo - kwabanye abasebenzisi kungaphezulu nje kokubonakala kwesicelo.
3. Kwasekuqaleni, besifuna ukufumana impendulo evela kwiimfama kunye nabanye abasebenzisi abakhubazekileyo malunga nokusebenziseka ngokulula kwesicelo.
4. Besifuna iindlela ezilunge ngenene zokubamba ukufikeleleka ukuhlehla.

Ewe, ngokwembono yobunjineli, inxalenye yokuqala yavakala imnandi kakhulu - ukuphuhlisa uyilo kunye nokuphumeza ithala leencwadi lamacandelo. Kwaye ngenene kwaba njalo.

Ukuthatha inyathelo emva, ejonge ARIA imizekelo kwaye ngokucinga oku njengengxaki yoyilo endaweni yengxaki "yokungena", siye sazisa ezinye izinto ezithathayo. Icandelo line-'Structure' (ibandakanya izinto ze-HTML) kunye 'Nendlela yokuziphatha' (indlela edibana ngayo nomsebenzisi). Umzekelo, kwiziqwengana ezingezantsi sinoluhlu olulula olungacwangciswanga. Ngokudibanisa "ukuziphatha" iindima ezihambelanayo zongezwa kuluhlu ukuze zenze njengoluhlu. Senza okufanayo kwimenyu.

Ngapha koko, ayikuphela nje iindima ezongeziweyo apha, kodwa kunye nabaphathi beminyhadala yokukhangela ikhibhodi.

Oku kubonakala kucocekile ngakumbi. Ukuba sinokufumana ulwahlulo olucocekileyo phakathi kwabo, akunandaba nokuba isakhiwo senziwe njani, sinokusebenzisa i-Behaviors kuyo kwaye sifumane ukufikeleleka ngokufanelekileyo.

Ungayibona le nto kwintshukumo https://stardust-ui.github.io/react/ -Ithala leencwadi le-UX usabela, eyilwe kwaye iphunyezwe ngokufikeleleka kwengqondo kwasekuqaleni.

Inxalenye yesibini - ukutshintsha indlela kunye neenkqubo ezijikeleze uyilo kwandoyikisa: iinjineli eziphantsi zizama ukutyhala ngenguqu yentlangano azisoloko ziphela kakuhle, kodwa kuye kwavela ukuba yenye yezona ndawo zinomdla kakhulu apho senze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo. . Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yethu ibimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukusebenza okutsha kuya kuphuhliswa liqela elinye, emva koko iqela lethu lobunkokeli liza kuphonononga/ liphinde lisichaze isindululo, kwaye emva kokuba samkelwe, uyilo luya kunikezelwa kwiqela lobunjineli. Kule meko, iqela lobunjineli ngokufanelekileyo "liphethe" ukusebenza kofikelelo kuba yayiluxanduva lwabo ukulungisa nayiphi na imiba ehambelana nayo.

Ekuqaleni, ibingumsebenzi onzima kakhulu ukuchaza ukuba ukufikeleleka kunye nokusebenziseka kunxibelelene ngokungenakuhluzwa kwaye oku bekufuneka kwenziwe kwinqanaba loyilo, kungenjalo kuya kukhokelela kutshintsho olukhulu kunye nokuchazwa ngokutsha kwezinye iindima. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkxaso yabaphathi kunye nabadlali abaphambili, sithathe umbono kwaye sawufaka kwintshukumo ukuze uyilo luvavanyelwe ukufikeleleka kunye nokusebenziseka phambi kokuba lunikezelwe kubaphathi.

Kwaye le ngxelo ibixabiseke kakhulu kuye wonke umntu - ibimnandi njengomsebenzi wokwabelana ngolwazi / unxibelelwano malunga nendlela abasebenzisi abanxibelelana ngayo nezicelo zewebhu, sichonge iindawo ezininzi zengxaki ye-UI phambi kokuba zakhiwe, amaqela ophuhliso ngoku anengcaciso engcono kakhulu ebonakalayo kuphela, kodwa nemiba yokuziphatha yoyilo. Iingxoxo zangempela ziyonwabisa, zinamandla, iingxoxo ezinomdla malunga nemiba yobugcisa kunye nokusebenzisana.

Sinokukwenza oku ngakumbi ukuba besinabasebenzisi abaziimfama nabakhubazekileyo kwezi (okanye ezilandelayo) ezi ntlanganiso - oku kwakunzima ukukuququzelela, kodwa ngoku sisebenza kunye nemibutho engaboniyo yasekuhlaleni kunye neenkampani, ezibonelela ngovavanyo lwangaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba kokwenziwa kwangethuba. uphuhliso-kokubini kwicandelo kunye namanqanaba okuhamba okuhamba.

Iinjineli ngoku zineenkcukacha ezicacileyo, izinto ezikhoyo ezinokuzisebenzisa ukuzisebenzisa, kunye nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuhamba komsebenzi. Inxalenye yamava asifundise yona yile nto besiyiphosa ixesha elide-indlela esinokukuyeka ngayo ukuhlehla. Ngokufanayo, abantu banokusebenzisa ukudibanisa okanye iimvavanyo zokuphela-to-ekupheleni ukuvavanya ukusebenza, esikufunayo ukufumanisa utshintsho kwintsebenziswano kunye nokuhamba kokusebenza-zombini ezibonakalayo kunye nokuziphatha.

Ukumisela ubuyiselo olubonakalayo ngumsebenzi ochazwe ngokufanelekileyo, kuncinci kakhulu okungongezwa kwinkqubo ngaphandle kokukhangela ukuba ugqaliselo luyabonakala na xa uhamba ngebhodi yezitshixo. Okubangela umdla ngakumbi bubuchwephesha obutsha obubini bokusebenza ngokufikeleleka.

1. Ukufikelela kokuqonda yiseti yezixhobo ezinokuthi ziqhutywe zombini kwi-browser kwaye njengenxalenye yomjikelezo wokwakha / wokuvavanya ukuchonga iingxaki.
2. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izifundi zesikrini zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo ibe ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Ngokwaziswa kokufikelela kwi Ukufikeleleka kwe-DOM, ekugqibeleni siyakwazi ukuthatha imifanekiso yofikelelo lwe-app, njengokuba sisenza kuvavanyo olubonwayo, kwaye sibavavanyele ukuhlehla.

Ngoko ke, kwinxalenye yesibini yebali - sisuke ekuhleleni ikhowudi ye-HTML ukuya ekusebenzeni kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokukhupha, satshintsha inkqubo yophuhliso loyilo kwaye sazisa uvavanyo olucokisekileyo. Iinkqubo ezintsha, itekhnoloji entsha, kunye namanqanaba amatsha okuthatha izinto atshintshe ngokupheleleyo indawo yokufikeleleka kunye nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukusebenza kule ndawo.
Kodwa esi sisiqalo nje.

"Ukuqonda" okulandelayo kukuba abasebenzisi abaziimfama baqhuba iteknoloji ye-cutting-edge - ngabo abazuza kakhulu kungekuphela nje kwiinguqu esizichazileyo ngaphambili, kodwa nokuba iindlela ezintsha kunye neengcamango zenziwe nge-ML / AI. Umzekelo, itekhnoloji ye-Immersive Reader ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babonise umbhalo ngokulula nangokucacileyo. Inokufundwa ngokuvakalayo, ukwakheka kwezivakalisi kwahlulwa ngokwegrama, kwaye neentsingiselo zamagama zibonakaliswa ngokuzotywa. Oku akungeni kwisimo sengqondo esidala "sokwenza ukuba kufikeleleke" konke konke - luphawu lokusebenziseka oluya kunceda wonke umntu.

I-ML/AI yenza iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisana nokusebenza, kwaye siyavuya ukuba yinxalenye yamanqanaba alandelayo kolu hambo luphambili. Utshintsho luqhutywa lutshintsho kwindlela yokucinga-ubuntu bebukho kwinkulungwane yeminyaka, oomatshini kangangamakhulu eminyaka, iiwebhusayithi amashumi eminyaka, kunye nee-smartphones nangaphantsi, itekhnoloji kufuneka iqhelane nabantu, hayi ngokuchaseneyo.

P.S. Inqaku liguqulelwe ngokunxaxha okuncinci ukusuka kweyokuqala. Njengombhali-ntsebenziswano weli nqaku, ndavumelana nolu qhawulo-mtshato noHugh.

Ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kuphela abanokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando. Ngena, ndiyacela.

Ngaba unika ingqalelo ekufikeleleni kwezicelo zakho?

• ukuba

• akukho

• Ndiyaqala ukuva malunga nokufikeleleka kwe-app.

Bali-17 abasebenzisi abavotileyo. Abasebenzisi abasi-5 abakhange.

umthombo: www.habr.com