Kwibhlog yethu kuHabrΓ© asishicileli nje amabali malunga uluntu lweYunivesithi ye-ITMO, kodwa kunye nohambo lweefoto - umzekelo, ngokutsho kwethu , ΠΈ .
Namhlanje sidibanise uluhlu lweencwadi ezivavanya amathuba okuphucula umsebenzi kunye nokufunda ngokufanelekileyo ngokwembono yeepateni zokucinga.
Ifoto: /Flickr/
Imikhwa yokucinga
Imikhwa yokucinga
Kutheni abantu abakrelekrele benokuba zizidenge
Robert Sternberg (Yale University Press, 2002)
Abantu abahlakaniphile ngamanye amaxesha benza iimpazamo ezibudenge kakhulu. Abo bakholelwa ngokumfamekileyo kubuchule babo badla ngokuwela kwiindawo eziyimfama abangazaziyo bona ngokwabo. Izincoko ezikule ncwadi zihlola imikhwa emibi yeenkcuba-buchopho, ukusuka ekutyeshelweni kobudlelwane obucacileyo besizathu-kunye nesiphumo ukuya kutyekelo lokuwajongela phantsi amava abo. Le ncwadi iya kukunceda ukuba ucinge nzulu malunga nendlela esicinga ngayo, esiyifundayo kunye nesisebenza ngayo.
Indlela Abantwana Abasilela Ngayo
UJohn Holt (1964, iPitman Publishing Corp.)
Umfundisi-ntsapho waseMelika uJohn Holt ngomnye wabagxeki ababalaseleyo beenkqubo zemfundo esekiweyo. Le ncwadi isekelwe kumava akhe njengotitshala kunye nokuqaphela kwakhe indlela abafundi bebanga lesihlanu abafumana ngayo ukungaphumeleli ekufundeni. Izahluko zikhumbuza amangeno edayari - zijikeleza kwiimeko apho umbhali uhlalutya ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo kuya kukuvumela ukuba ucinge kwakhona ngamava akho kwaye uqonde ukuba yeyiphi imikhwa "yemfundo" eye yamiliselwa kuwe ukususela ebuntwaneni. Le ncwadi yapapashwa ngesiRashiya kwiminyaka yoo-90, kodwa iye yaphelelwa.
Ukufundisa njengoMsebenzi wokubhukuqa
UNeil Postman kunye noCharles Weingartner (iDelacorte Press, 1969)
Ngokutsho kwababhali, inani leengxaki zoluntu - ezifana nokufudumala kwehlabathi, ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nobhubhani wokugula ngengqondo - zihlala zingasombululwanga ngenxa yendlela yemfundo eyafakwa kuthi njengabantwana. Ukuze uphile ubomi obunentsingiselo kwaye utshintshe umhlaba ube ngcono, inyathelo lokuqala kukutshintsha isimo sakho sengqondo malunga nolwazi olunjalo kunye nenkqubo yokulufumana. Ababhali baxoxa ngokucinga okunzulu kunye nokulungelelanisa inkqubo yemfundo malunga nemibuzo kuneempendulo.
Ukufunda ukufunda
Ukufunda ukufunda
Yenze incamathele: iNzululwazi yokuFunda okuPhumelelayo
UPeter C. Brown, uHenry L. Roediger III, uMark A. McDaniel (2014)
Kule ncwadi uya kufumana zombini inkcazo yenkqubo yemfundo ukusuka kwimbono yengqondo kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokuyilungisa. Ingqwalasela ngokukodwa ihlawulwa kwizicwangciso zemfundo ezingasebenzi ekusebenzeni. Ababhali baya kuchaza ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka kwaye bakuxelele into enokwenziwa ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, baphikisa ngelithi ukuziqhelanisa nemfundo yomfundi akuncedi nganto. Uphando luthi ukutyekela kwiindlela ezithile zokufundisa akuchaphazeli impumelelo yokufunda.
Ukuqukuqela: IPsychology yamava aNgcono
Mihaly Cziksentmihalyi (Harper, 1990)
Umsebenzi odumileyo wesazi sengqondo uMihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Embindini wencwadi kukho ingcamango "yokuhamba." Umbhali uyaqinisekisa ukuba ukukwazi "ukujoyina ukuhamba" rhoqo kwenza ubomi bomntu bube nentsingiselo, bonwabe kwaye bube nemveliso. Le ncwadi ithetha ngendlela abameli bemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo - ukusuka kwiimvumi ukuya kwiintaba zeentaba - bafumana le meko, kwaye yintoni onokufunda kuyo. Umsebenzi ubhalwe ngolwimi olufikelelekayo noludumileyo - kufutshane noncwadi lwe "self-help" uhlobo. Kulo nyaka le ncwadi yaphinda yapapashwa ngesiRashiya.
Indlela yokuSombulula: Inkalo entsha yeNdlela yeMathematika
George Polya (Princeton University Press, 1945)
Umsebenzi wakudala wesazi sezibalo saseHungary uGyorgy PΓ³lya sintshayelelo yokusebenza ngendlela yemathematika. Iqulethe inani lobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo obunokusetyenziswa ukusombulula zombini iingxaki zemathematika kunye nezinye iintlobo zeengxaki. Isixhobo esixabisekileyo kwabo bafuna ukuphuhlisa uqeqesho lwengqondo oluyimfuneko ekufundeni isayensi. KwiSoviet Union, le ncwadi yapapashwa emva phayaa ngowe-1959 phantsi komxholo othi βIndlela YokuSombulula Ingxaki.β
Cinga njengengcali yezibalo: Indlela yokusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo
UBarbara Oakley (TarcherPerigee; 2014)
Asingabo bonke abantu abafuna ukufunda ngokuthe ngqo inzululwazi, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba akukho nto banokuyifunda kwiingcali zezibalo. UBarbara Oakley, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseOakland, injineli, isazi sefilosofi kunye nomguquleli, ucinga njalo. Cinga njengeNgcali yeMathematika ihlola iinkqubo zomsebenzi weengcali ze-STEM kwaye yabelane nabafundi ngezifundo eziphambili abanokuthi bazithabathe kubo. Siza kuthetha ngobuchule bezinto eziphathekayo ngaphandle kwe-cramming, imemori-yexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide, ukukwazi ukubuyisela ukusilela kunye nomlo wokuchasa.
Ukufunda ukucinga
Ukufunda ukucinga
Imixholo yeMetamagical: Ukufuna iNdondo yeNgqondo kunye nePatheni
UDouglas Hofstadter (Iincwadi eziSiseko, ngo-1985)
Kungekudala emva kwencwadi kaDouglas Hofstader, isazinzulu esinengqondo kunye neBhaso lePulitzer"yapapashwa, umbhali waqalisa ukupapasha rhoqo kwiphephancwadi iScientific American. Imiqolo awayibhalela eli phephancwadi kamva yongezelelwa ngamagqabaza yaza yaqulunqwa yaba yincwadi enzima ebizwa ngokuba yiMetamagical Themas. I-Hofstader ithinta izihloko ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nendalo yokucinga komntu, ukusuka kwiingcamango ezibonakalayo kunye nomculo weChopin ukuya kwi-intelligence yokwenziwa kunye neprogram. Iithiyori zombhali zizotywe ngeelingelo zokucinga.
ILabyrinths yeNgqiqo: I-Paradox, iiPuzzles, kunye noBuphene boLwazi
UWilliam Poundstone (I-Anchor Press, ngo-1988)
Yintoni "ingqiqo"? Lwakhiwa njani ulwazi? Imbono yethu yehlabathi ithelekiswa njani nenyani? Le mibuzo kunye neminye iphendulwa nguWilliam Poundstone, ingcali yefiziksi ngoqeqesho kunye nombhali ngobizo. UWilliam uphonononga aze aphendule imibuzo ye-epistemological ngokutyhila iimpawu ezixakayo zokucinga komntu ezijongelwa phantsi ngokulula. Phakathi kwabalandeli bale ncwadi kukho isazinzulu esikrelekrele uDouglas Hofstader, okhankanywe ngaphambilana, umbhali weentsomi zenzululwazi uIsaac Asimov, nengcali yezibalo uMartin Gardner.
Cinga ngokucotha...gqiba ngokukhawuleza
UDaniel Kahneman (Farrar, Straus kunye noGiroux, 2011)
UDaniel Kahneman ngunjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton, owawongwa ngeBhaso leNobel, kunye nomnye wabaseki bezoqoqosho zokuziphatha. Le yincwadi yesihlanu kunye neyokugqibela yombhali, ethetha ngokudumileyo ezinye zezinto azifumeneyo kwisayensi. Le ncwadi ichaza iindidi ezimbini zokucinga: ukucotha nokukhawuleza, kunye nempembelelo yazo kwizigqibo esizenzayo. Kunikelwa ingqalelo enkulu kwiindlela zokuzikhohlisa abantu ababandakanyeka kuzo ukuze benze ubomi babo bube lula. Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kweengcebiso ekusebenzeni ngokwakho.
PS Ungafumana iincwadi ezinomdla ngakumbi ngesihloko .
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