Molweni nonke
Nantsi indlela ejongeka ngayo indawo yeWebSummit:
I-Parque das Nações
Yile ndlela kanye endaqala ngayo ukubona iPortugal ukufika kwam apha ngo-2014. Kwaye ngoku ndagqiba ekubeni ndibelane nawe ngento endiyibonileyo kwaye ndiyifundile kwiminyaka eyi-5 edlulileyo, kunye nento ephawulekayo malunga nelizwe kwi-IT professional.
Kwabo bayifunayo ngokukhawuleza, ngokuzimeleyo:Iinkonzo:
- Imozulu
- Abantu kunye nesimo sabo sengqondo kuwe njengomphambukeli
- ukutya
- Iinkampani ze-IT kuyo yonke incasa kunye nombala
- Iilwandle
- Uninzi lwabantu abanengqondo ephilileyo bathetha isiNgesi
- Akunzima kangako ukufumana amaxwebhu
- Khu seleko
- Iminyaka emi-5 kwaye unommi
- Iyeza kunye neendleko zalo (ngokunxulumene neYurophu kunye ne-USA)
- Unokuvula inkampani kwisiqingatha seyure kwaye ungahlawuli irhafu kunyaka wokuqala
Umgcini:
- Imivuzo ephantsi
- Yonke into icotha (ukufumana amaxwebhu, ukuqhagamshela kwi-Intanethi...)
- Iinkampani ze-IT azikayazi indlela yokusebenza nabafuduki (abayazi indlela yokulungisa amaxwebhu, njl.)
- Iirhafu eziphezulu (i-VAT - i-23%. Ngengeniso ye-30 lamawaka ngonyaka - i-34.6% iya kurhulumente, iimoto zi-30-40% ezibiza kakhulu kuneRashiya)
- Abemi bangoongantweni. Kunzima ukukhuthaza into entsha, kodwa iyatshintsha
- I-Bureaucracy iyoyikisa, kodwa iyatshintsha
- Kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kumfazi wakho, intombi, okanye umyeni wakho ukufumana umsebenzi ongekho kwi-IT, kuba imarike yomsebenzi ayahlukanga kakhulu.
- Amaxabiso ezindlu nezindlu axhomis’ amehlo, kuquka namaxabiso okurenta.
- Abantu abanyamezelayo kakhulu (ngaphezulu koku kamva)
Masiqale nge...
Ndagqiba ekubeni ndingabhali i-pros and cons kuguqulelo olwandisiweyo. Konke oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu, ngoko ke wonke umntu kufuneka azenzele isigqibo.
Ndeza ePortugal kwi-visa yokufunda kwiYunivesithi yaseAlgarve (Universidade de Algarve).
IAlgarve ngummandla osemazantsi ePortugal apho kukho abakhenkethi abaninzi, iilwandle, iihotele, njl.
Iyunivesithi ngokwayo ilungile kwaye ikwindawo entle kwaye ijongeka ngolu hlobo:
Iindleko zoqeqesho kubunjineli be-informatics malunga ne-euro eyi-1500 ngonyaka, okungekho nto ngemigangatho yaseYurophu. Umgangatho woqeqesho ngokukodwa kule ndawo kwaye ngelo xesha usukela “olunge kakhulu” ukuya “kuloo nto.” Kwakulunge kakhulu, kuba abanye oonjingalwazi babengabasebenzi bangoku beenkampani ezaziyo izinto zale mihla, kwaye babenomdla kakhulu, bedlamkile kwaye benika uqheliselo oluninzi. Ngoko ke, kuba ayingabo bonke oonjingalwazi abathetha IsiNgesi (kwizifundo ezi-2 uqeqesho lwalukwimo: thatha iintetho ngesiNgesi, funda kwaye ekupheleni konyaka kuya kubakho uvavanyo) kunye nombutho woqeqesho lwabasemzini ushiye kakhulu. ukunqweneleka (umntu onoxanduva lwezifundo zethu wabizwa ngokuba noxanduva, kodwa enyanisweni, kwakunzima kakhulu ukuphumeza nantoni na kuye). I-visa yokufunda ikunika ithuba lokusebenza ukuba uyayongeza ngemvume yokusebenza, eyona nto iphambili kukuba umsebenzi awuphazamisi kwizifundo zakho. Izifundo zenkosi ubukhulu becala ngokuhlwa, kwaye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ndifumene umsebenzi kwinkampani encinci efakela umabonwakude kunye ne-intanethi yeehotele kunye nezindlu zangasese. Ukufumana amaxwebhu kwakungekho lula, kodwa ukuba umqeshi wenza indima yakhe, ngoko yonke into kufuneka ihambe ngaphandle kweziganeko ezikhethekileyo. Kukho iinkampani ezininzi e-Algarve ezibandakanyeka kuphuhliso, kodwa imivuzo iphantsi, malunga ne-900-1000 ye-euro ephakathi kweJava. Ndahlala isithuba esingangonyaka eFaro, isixeko esiseAlgarve. Kukho iilwandle ezintle kakhulu, izixeko ezipholileyo, imithi yesundu, indawo yokuphumla, abantu abahle kakhulu nabanobuhlobo. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba ebusika ubomi bufika bume kwaye akukho nto yokwenza, akukho nto. Yonke into ivaliwe okanye ivalwe ngo-6pm. Ngaphandle kwendawo yokuthenga enye. Ezothutho ziqhutywa qho ngeeyure ezi-3 ngeempelaveki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ebusika unokuphambana apho kungekho nto yakwenza, ngakumbi ukuba ungenayo imoto yokuya kwindawo ethile. Emva konyaka ndadinwa yiyo yonke lento. Ngelo xesha, ndandisele ndiligqibile izifundo zam zeJava ndaza ndaqalisa ukukhangela umsebenzi eLisbon.
Lisbon
Ukukhangela kwathatha ixesha elithile, malunga neenyanga ezi-2 okanye ezi-3. Ngokusisiseko, umvuzo okanye iimeko zazingafanelekanga, okanye babengafuni ukuqesha ngaphandle kwesiPhuthukezi. Ngenxa yoko, ndafumana umsebenzi wokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi kwibhanki enkulu eneofisi yophuhliso ePortugal. Okulandelayo kwafuneka sifune indawo yokuhlala. Oku kubi kakhulu eLisbon.
Ngokufutshane malunga nengxaki yezindlu eLisbonEndaweni ethile ekujuleni korhulumente wasePutukezi, iintloko ezihlakaniphile zeza nengcamango yokuba kuya kuba kuhle ukwenza imali kubakhenkethi, kuba banemali eninzi, kwaye sinento yokuthengisa. Ke iPortugal yaqala ukupapashwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu njengendawo yokuphumla kulo naluphi na uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Kwaye kuyinyani, iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide zilungele yonke incasa kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Abakhenkethi baqala ukuza ngobuninzi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba bafuna ukuhlaliswa kwindawo ethile. Kuba indawo incinci kakhulu eLisbon, akukho ndawo ingako yeehotele njengoko singathanda. Apha, enyanisweni, liziko lekomkhulu lasePortugal:
Njengoko ubona, akufani nokuba kuya kubakho uphuhliso oluninzi apha ngokwakhiwa kweehotele.
Isisombululo safunyanwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuba usisityebi saseTshayina, saseBrazil, okanye nabani na onemali, unokuza ePortugal, uthenge isakhiwo esidilikayo sebhotwe embindini ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi se-euro kwaye ufumane i-Visa ye-Golden Visa. kufana nokuba ngummi, kodwa awukwazi ukuvota. Bonke aba bafana baqala ukuthenga izindlu ezithengiswayo kumbindi weLisbon, ukubuyisela nokwenza iihostele, iihotele ezincinci okanye amagumbi abakhenkethi. Inani elikhulu labantu abeza ePortugal ababefuna ukuthenga umhlaba onjalo baqonda ukuba banokwenza imali ngokulula ngamagumbi, nokuba abekho embindini. Kwaye emva koko, emva kokuba bebuyile kwingxaki ka-2008, iqela labantu baseYurophu, beqonda ukuba ukunyuka kwexabiso lezindlu kunye nethuba lokuyiqeshisa yi-asethi egqwesileyo, baqala ukuza ePortugal bathenge izindlu ezikufutshane nabakhenkethi. iindawo. Yonke le mfuno ekhawulezayo ye-real estate, kunye nenyaniso yokuba iinkampani ezininzi zokwakha ziye zatshona ngexesha lobunzima ngaphandle kokwakha nantoni na, kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho i-vacuum kwimarike yezindlu kunye namaxabiso aphezulu kunamazwe aseYurophu aphuhlileyo. Kwaye ke, indlu eyayiqeshelwe kwiminyaka emi-3 eyadlulayo ngee-euro ezingama-600 ngenyanga ngoku iza kukubiza ubuncinci i-euro ezingama-950 kwaye oku akuyi kuba yile nto ulindele ukuyifumana ngesi sixa. Ukungakhankanyi ukuthengwa, xa i-stunted yegumbi elinamagumbi amabini (ngokombono wethu, igumbi elinamagumbi amathathu) kwindawo elungileyo bacela i-euro eyi-300 lamawaka. Urhulumente akakuxhasi oku, kuba ngokuyinxenye bebefuna oku, ngoko ke amaxabiso awafane ahle ehle. Abantu abanomvuzo we-avareji e-Lisbon ye-1000 emva kweerhafu ngokuqinisekileyo abonwabanga, kodwa bayayinyamezela kwaye bahlala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni.
Ngokubanzi, kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, emva kokujonga ezininzi iinketho kunye nokuhlala kuqala kwigumbi, emva koko kwindawo embi kunye nabo bonke umlindi uyavuya ngendlela yamapolisa phantsi kweefestile, ngamanye amaxesha i-ambulensi, njl., Ekugqibeleni ndafumana indawo yokuhlala. kufutshane neziko, hayi kude kakhulu ukusuka kwi-metro nakwindawo elungileyo. Kodwa ndaba nethamsanqa.
ILisbon ngokwayo sisixeko esiphikisanayo. Kwelinye icala, isixeko sihle kakhulu, sithe cwaka, sikhululekile ukuhlala kwaye sikhuselekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumdaka kancinci, kunye negraffiti ezindongeni, abaninzi abafudukayo kunye nabantu abangenamakhaya, abanye babo abangewona awona mahle.
Ngoku, eneneni, malunga ne-IT
I-IT ePortugal ikhula ngokuxhuma kunye nemida. Oko kukuthi, malunga newaka lokuqala ngonyaka, ezinye zazo ziphumelele kakhulu ePortugal nakwihlabathi liphela. Kwakhona, unyaka ngamnye iinkampani ezinkulu ziza ePortugal, njenge-Siemens, iNokia (ngubani ongazi, iNokia ayikho nje kuphela kwaye ayikho iifowuni zaseTshayina ezininzi, kodwa unxibelelwano, i-5G, njl.), Ericsson, KPMG, Accenture, njl. kwaye nangokunjalo. Ngoku bathetha ngeAmazon kunye noGoogle, kodwa akukacaci ukuba nini. Inkampani nganye enjalo eqesha kakhulu ngexesha elinye inikwa ukhetho oluhle lwerhafu kwiminyaka emi-5, kwaye ke nantoni na ovumelana ngayo. Iingcali ze-IT zendawo zinemfundo efanelekileyo (ePortugal, imfundo ngokuqhelekileyo ilungile. Ngendlela, ngaba wonke umntu uyazi ukuba uGary Potter ukopishwe kubafundi basePortugal baseCoimbra?). Kutshanje, abadlali abancinci, abanje ngeMercedes, BMW, njalo njalo, baqalisile ukwenza ezabo iihabhu zophuhliso apha. Ngokubanzi, kukho inkampani kuyo nayiphi na intsimi onokuthi uyithande.
Kodwa yonke le hype inesizathu. Ngaphandle kwemfundo esemgangathweni, amaPhuthukezi akangxamanga ukucela imivuzo emikhulu, ke ngoko imisebenzi ephakathi enomvuzo we-euro eyi-1200 eLisbon ixhaphake kakhulu.
Malunga neerhafu kunye nemivuzo.
Kwakhona, iirhafu ziphezulu kakhulu ePortugal; ngengeniso ye-30 lamawaka ngonyaka, i-34.6% iya kurhulumente. Njengoko isixa sinyuka, ipesenti yerhafu iya kunyuka ngokuthuka. Akuyi kunyuka kuphela kuwe, kodwa kunye nomqeshi, ohlawula i-inshurensi yentlalontle kunye nezinye iirhafu kumqeshwa ngamnye. Ngaphezu koko, kuya kuba ngamanyala ngakumbi ukwanda. Kodwa kukho abagcini-mali abanobuqili kungekhona eRashiya kuphela, ngoko kukho iskimu sokudlula irhafu apha. Ngoku kukho malunga neenkampani zokubonisana ezingama-200 eLisbon. Ngapha koko, le ayisiyiyo nenkampani yokubonisana, sisithuba esinje phakathi kwakho nenkampani oyisebenzelayo. Inkampani enkulu ayiyi kukhohlisa ngeerhafu, kuba kunzima kwinkampani enkulu, kodwa "i-gasket" encinci yamkelekile. Ijongeka ngolu hlobo: uya kudliwano-ndlebe nenkampani X, ethi emva koko ikuxelela ukuba uya kuba nekhontrakthi nenkampani engu-Y, ethi yona ikufumanele imali kwinkampani X yokubonelela ngenkonzo. Kwaye uhlawulwa isixa esisezantsi kunye neebhonasi, imbuyekezo "yohambo", njl. Konke oku kuvumela wonke umntu ukuba ahlale onwabile kwaye angahlawuli iirhafu eziphezulu, ngaphandle kwabantu abaqhelekileyo, abo ipenshini kunye nembuyekezo yokungasebenzi ihlawulwe kwisixa esisisiseko esifanayo. Kodwa ngubani okhathalayo? Into ephambili kukuba apha kwaye ngoku ufumana imali eninzi, kwaye bahlawula irhafu encinci, ngoko wonke umntu uyavuya.
Bahlawula malini?
Umbuzo onzima, kodwa le yimali eqikelelweyo. Iminyaka eyi-1-2 yamava kunye nolwazi oluhle kwiJava yi-1200 euro net (ufumana amaxesha angama-14 ngonyaka), iminyaka engama-2-4 yamava 1300-1700 euro net (kwakhona amaxesha angama-14 ngonyaka), iminyaka emi-4 okanye ngaphezulu yamava 1700 - 2500 euro. Andikadibani nomnye umntu okwangoku. Ngexesha elithile, abantu baba ngabaphathi ngaphakathi kwenkampani okanye kwenye indawo...
Kuthekani ngabo beze bebaninzi?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa ufuna ukuzisa umntu wangaphandle, bazisa abantu baseBrazil okanye abemi base-EU, abalula ukunceda ngamaxwebhu ... Kodwa abanye kufuneka bahambe ngeesangqa ezi-3 zesihogo se-bureaucratic yenkqubo yendawo, apho iinkampani azifuni. dibana ne. Iinkampani zasekuhlaleni zingalunganga ekusebenzeni nabaphambukeli, kodwa ziya ziba ngcono kwaye zimema abantu abavela kumazwe esithathu ukuba nabo basebenze. Njengakwezinye iindawo, umqeshi kufuneka abonise ukuba awunakuphinda ubuyiselwe, akufumanele amaxwebhu acothayo, acothayo, njl.njl., ukuze bangakhathali ngabantu abanamava.
Kwakhona, ingxaki isenokuvela kwintsapho yakho, ukuba ikho. Ingxaki ngomsebenzi. Ukuba omnye wakho obalulekileyo uvela kumsebenzi ongaphandle kwe-IT okanye icandelo lenkonzo, ukufumana umsebenzi kuya kuba yingxaki. Ngokubanzi, kukho ingxaki ngokwahlukana apha. I-20% yezithuba yi-IT, abaphathi kunye ne-HR ye-IT. I-60% licandelo lokhenketho, iikhefi, iindawo zokutyela, iihotele kwaye kuphelele apho. Ezinye zizithuba zengqesho zoogcino-zincwadi, iinjineli, iingcali zezoqoqosho, abezemali, ootitshala, njl.
yothutho
Ezothutho ePortugal ziintlungu kunye novuyo. Kwelinye icala, ungafika apho kufuneka uye khona. Nkqu neelwandle ezikude neendawo zabakhenkethi zibonelelwa zizithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Iidolophu zaseLisbon zikhonzwa ngeebhasi, oololiwe, oololiwe bombane kunye nokuthuthwa komlambo. Konke oku kusasa, ngenxa yeengxaki ezikhankanyiweyo kunye ne-real estate, ngokuqinisekileyo, igcwele. Kwaye ushiywe lixesha. Akusekho mntu uzikhathazayo ngokufika emva kwexesha emsebenzini, kwaye esona sizathu sixhaphakileyo kukuxinana kwibhulorho, ulinde ibhasi, kunye nezinto ezinjalo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuba ufuna ukuqhuba imoto yakho esixekweni, ngoko kufuneka ucinge kathathu malunga nalapho ushiye imoto yakho. Azikho iindawo zeemoto kwaye amaxabiso aphakamileyo (ukuya kuma-euro angama-20 ngosuku, kuxhomekeke kwindawo). Ukupaka kwiindawo zokupaka iinkampani kudla ngokuqhawuka phakathi kwabasebenzi. Abaphathi bafumana ngokuzenzekelayo.
Iyeza ePortugal
Zininzi izinto ezinokuthi zitshiwo apha, kodwa eyona nto iphambili yile: yekarhulumente - iyacotha kwaye isimahla. Imigca yokuya kubona oogqirha ihlala iiveki, kwaye utyando lubi nangakumbi. Yabucala - ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayibizi kakhulu ukuba ine-inshurensi. Kwi-99% yamatyala, inkampani iya kukubonelela nge-inshurensi. kwi-60% yamatyala iya kwenza nosapho lwakho. Kwezinye iimeko, ungazithengela wena kunye/okanye usapho lwakho kwinkampani yeinshorensi esebenzisana nayo yinkampani oyisebenzelayo. (i-20-30 euros ngenyanga ukuba kunye ne-affiliate, 30-60 ukuba nayo nayiphi na enye). La maxabiso aquka amazinyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukubonisana kunye ne-inshurensi kwikliniki yabucala kubiza i-15-20 euro. Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nokunye okunjalo - 3-5-10 euro.
Ubomi ngokubanzi
AmaPhuthukezi aphatha ii-expats eziqhelekileyo kakuhle kakhulu. Okokuthi, ukuba awunakrwada, musa ukulahla inkunkuma kwaye ungaphuzi phantsi kweefestile, ngoko baya kukunceda, bakucebise ukuba wenze ntoni, njl. IsiPhuthukezi sinokucotha kakhulu. Ukuqhagamshela kwi-Intanethi kuthatha iveki okanye ezimbini. Kulula ukuma emgceni evenkileni isiqingatha seyure ngelixa umntu exoxa ngokuzalwa komzukulwana wakhe kunye ne-cashier. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, iinkonzo ezininzi zikwi-intanethi, ekuvumela ukuba wenze izinto ezininzi ngokulula nangokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, unokuzoba iikontrakthi zenkonzo, ufake imbuyekezo yerhafu yengeniso, uthathe i-inshurensi, ubhalise inkampani yakho, njl. Uninzi lwabantu luthetha isiNgesi esilungileyo. Iifilimu aziphindi, iimenyu zingesiNgesi, njl. Imozulu ilungile, uya kubona imvula kunye nesibhakabhaka esingwevu iintsuku ezingama-20-30 ngonyaka. Phantse zonke ezi ntsuku zigxininiswe kwinyanga ka-Epreli. Uninzi lwamagumbi kunye nezindlu azinazifudumezi. Ebusuku iqondo lobushushu kwi-capital linokuhla liye ku +6. Ngoko ke, i-heater kunye nengubo efudumeleyo ebusika iyimfuneko. Ebudeni bemini ebusika amaqondo obushushu avela kwi-14 ukuya kwi-18 degrees. Linelanga. Ehlotyeni inokuba ipholile kwaye ilungile (+25), okanye ishushu kancinci (+44). Kunqabile ukuba kushushu, iintsuku ezi-5-6 ngexesha lasehlotyeni. Iilwandle kumgama wesiqingatha seyure ukusuka eLisbon. Ibanzi kwaye ayigcwalanga kakhulu nangeempelaveki.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda isiPhuthukezi, ukufumana iikhosi zikarhulumente akuyongxaki, apho uya kufundiswa ukuthetha ngengqiqo kwaye uqonde phantse yonke into ethethwa ngu-interlocutor ngexabiso elincinci okanye mahhala.
Sele kukho iintsomi malunga ne-bureaucracy yasekhaya kunye nemigca. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukufaka isicelo sokuhlala, kufuneka ubhalisele ukungenisa amaxwebhu kwiinyanga ezintandathu kwangaphambili. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha amalungelo akho, kuya kufuneka ulinde emgceni malunga neeyure ezingama-5-6 kusasa:
Kwakhona, iPortugal inenkqubo yebhanki ephuhlisiweyo. Zonke iibhanki zibotshelelwe kunye ngentambo, ngoko ungathumela imali kwifowuni yakho kwi-akhawunti yomnye umntu ngokucofa oku-2 mahala, unokukhupha imali kwi-ATM yayo nayiphi na ibhanki ngaphandle kwekhomishini, kwaye uhlawule iinkonzo kunye nokuthenga. kwifowuni yakho ephathekayo okanye nge-ATM.
Uyakwazi ukuvula inkampani yakho kwaye ungahlawuli irhafu kunyaka wokuqala. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza isiqalo, baya kukunceda kuwo onke amanqanaba. Ukuqala ekuvuleni inkampani kunye nokuphela ngokufumana inkxaso-mali, baya kukunika indawo kwi-incubator, njl.
Ngendlela, ukuba uhlala ngokusemthethweni kwilizwe iminyaka emi-5, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, unokufaka isicelo sobumi. Kuya kufuneka ubonakalise ukuba awuhambanga ixesha elide kwaye uphumelele uvavanyo lolwimi lwesiPhuthukezi.
Kwaye imigca embalwa malunga nesiPhuthukezi. Yintoni eyenza ukuba banyamezele kakhulu kwaye babe nobuhlobo mhlawumbi kubenza banyamezele kakhulu zonke iintlobo zabantu abangenamakhaya, njl. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo xa, embindini wesinye sezona ndawo ziphambili, amavolontiya esasaza ukutya kwabangenamakhaya. Ngelo xesha, abantu abangenamakhaya abahambi kude nokutya, ngoko le yimeko eqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo eLisbon xa ekungeneni kwinkampani ye-billionaire kukho umntu ongenakhaya olele ngefestile. Urhulumente wada wawisa umthetho ovala iivenkile ezinkulu ekulahleni ukutya. Ngoku konke ukutya kufuneka kusiwe kwiibhanki zokutya, ukusuka apho kuhanjiswa kubantu abangenamakhaya kunye nabafumana umvuzo ophantsi.
Ngokubanzi, iPortugal kunye neLisbon ngokukodwa ziindawo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zokuhlala. Awusoze ube nesithukuthezi eLisbon, kuba kuhlala kukho into eyenzekayo apha, kwaye ngempelaveki kuhlala kukho indawo yokuya okanye yokuya. Imozulu intle kakhulu, akufane ukubanda okanye kushushu kakhulu. Ukwi-Schengen, ke uninzi lwe-EU luvulekele wena. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga indawo, yonke into ilungile kakhulu apha. Kukwakho nezinto ezingeloncedo – imivuzo neerhafu. Kodwa yindlela ocwangcisa ngayo izinto.
umthombo: www.habr.com