Ixesha le-post-futurism laqala kwiminyaka eyi-110 eyadlulayo. Emva koko, ngo-1909, uFilippo Marinetti wapapasha i-manifesto ye-futurism, evakalisa inkolo yexesha elizayo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elidlulileyo, umnqweno wokukhawuleza kunye nokungoyiki, ukukhanyela i-passivity kunye nokwesaba. Sigqibe kwelokuba siqalise umjikelo olandelayo kwaye sincokole nabantu abambalwa abalungileyo malunga nendlela ababona ngayo i-2120.
isikhanyeli. Sihlobo esithandekayo, yiba ulungile. Esi iya kuba sisithuba eside esinogxininiso olukhulu lweenkcukacha zekamva, ubuchwephesha obubonakala buphambene kunye neengcinga malunga nekamva esilifaneleyo.
Amagama angundoqo phambi kwekata ukutsala umdla: U-Andrey Sebrant ovela kwi-Yandex kunye ne-TechSparks, u-Andrey Konyaev wase-N + 1, u-Obrazovacha no-KuJi, u-Ivan Yamshchikov wase-ABBYY kunye ne-Max Planck Institute, u-Alexander Lozhechkin wase-Amazon, u-Konstantin Kichinsky ovela kwi-NTI Platform kunye no-ex. UMicrosoft, uValeria Kurmak ovela kwi-AIC kunye nowangaphambili. I-Sberbank-Technology, u-Andrey Breslav wase-JetBrains kunye nomdali we-Kotlin, uGrigory Petrov wase-Evrone kunye no-Alexander Andronov baseDodo Pizza.
Uluhlu lomxholo
masiqhelane
Ngolu luhlu sinokuthatha ihlabathi okanye sibe iKrisimesi, kodwa endaweni yoko sabelana ngesicatshulwa.
- UMlawuli weNtengiso yobuChule kwi , umbhali wepodcast , umbhali wejelo . Omnye wezibalo zokuqala zeRunet, kunye andinakuxoka. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, u-Andrey ungumviwa wesayensi yendalo kunye nezibalo, unjingalwazi kwiSikolo esiPhakamileyo sezoQoqosho kunye nomvuzo weLenin Komsomol kwinkalo yesayensi kunye neteknoloji (1985).
-umpapashi wopapasho oludumileyo lwesayensi kwi-intanethi , umseki woluntu и . Ngexesha lakhe lokukhululeka kwindlu yokupapasha kunye noluntu, u-Andrey ungumviwa wesayensi yezenyama kunye nezibalo kwaye ufundisa kwi-Faculty of Mechanics kunye neMathematika yeYunivesithi yaseMoscow State. Kwaye uyakwazi nokuba ngumamkeli wepodcast .
– umshumayeli obukrelekrele bokwenziwa . Ndifumene iPhD kwimathematika esetyenziswayo kwiYunivesithi yaseBrandenburg yeTekhnoloji (eCottbus, eJamani). Okwangoku umphandi kwi-Max Planck Institute (eLeipzig, eJamani). U-Ivan uphonononga imigaqo emitsha yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa enokunceda ukuqonda indlela ingqondo yethu esebenza ngayo, kwaye ikwabambe ipodcast. .
– owayesakuba ngumvangeli we-Microsoft eMpuma Yurophu naseRashiya, umlawuli wesebe lobuchwephesha bobuchule, kwaye ngoku uyintloko yeSolution Architects kwiAmazon Web Services (AWS) kumazwe ali-100+ aSakhasayo iiMarike. Ngexesha lakhe lokukhululeka kwi-IT corporations, uAlexander ubhala amanqaku ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kwizinto zakhe .
Ukusukela ngo-2010, ebephuhlisa ulwimi lwenkqubo yeKotlin eJetBrains. Ibambelela kwiPDD (uphuhliso oluqhutywa yinkanuko) ebomini. Ukongeza kwizihloko ze-IT, uhlawula ingqwalasela eninzi kwimiba yokulingana ngokwesini kunye ne-psychotherapy kwaye ungumseki wenkonzo. okuncedayo ufumane i-psychotherapist elungileyo. Ugcina ngononophelo ukhetho lwamakhonkco kudliwano-ndlebe lwakhe, amanqaku kunye neengxelo. .
– UMlawuli weNdlela yamava oLuntu kwi-AIC, iNgcali yoYilo oluBandakanyayo ebomini. Wazi yonke into malunga ne-Umwelt, kwaye wenze ntoni ngokulandelayo ngolu lwazi ukwenza iimveliso zedijithali ezibandakanyayo. Ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla wabelana ngobuchule bakhe kwitshaneli yetelegram . Uneziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo: Umviwa weNzululwazi yezobuGcisa, umphandi wentlalontle.
– INtloko ye-NTI Franchise Centre kwi-NTI Platform ANO, ex.Microsoft-man oneminyaka elishumi yamava. Awukwazi ukuhlala kwaye uhlala ebandakanyeka kwinto ethile, umzekelo, kwiprojekthi . Ithunyelwe ngu kwaye iqhuba itshaneli malunga neteknoloji kwiTelegram.
-DevRel kwinkampani , Umvangeli waseMoscow Python kunye nentloko yekomiti yenkqubo ye-Moscow Python Conf ++. Ukurekhoda ngeempelaveki , ngorhatya ukhenketha iinkomfa kwikomkhulu le-Motherland namazwe angabamelwane. Imizuzwana eseleyo yexesha ityalwe ngokubhaliweyo. .
-CTO eDodo Pizza, naye ungomnye weenkokeli zenkqubo yeDodo IS. Ndakhe ndafumana amava kwi-Intel kunye ne-Smart Step Group. Akakuthandi ngokwenene ukupapashwa, kodwa ulithanda ngokwenene iqela lakhe kunye nezigqibo ezinolwazi. Ngokuhlwa uphupha ukwazisa inkcubeko yokuthatha izigqibo ngeDatha kubomi beDodo Pizza.
Walala wavuka emva kweminyaka eyi-100, usafuna ukusebenza, ungathanda ukuba yintoni? Cinga ngemisebenzi emithathu yexesha elizayo
UAndrey Sebrant: Kule meko, okokuqala ndiya kuba nolwazi olulodwa ingcaphephe yokubuyisela umva. Inyani, kwaye ayiyokwenziwa, iinkumbulo zekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo ziya kufuneka zibize :) Ewe, okanye kuya kufuneka uzame ukuwenza kakuhle umsebenzi. umnikeli weemvakalelo ezilahlekileyo okanye umlinganiswa weprimiyamu kumdlalo wembali. UAndrey Konyaev: Kakade ke, ukuba bendinokuvuka kwiminyaka eyi-100, bendiya kuba ngulo mntu ndinguye ngoku, oko kukuthi, isazi sezibalo. Ngokubhekiselele kwimisebenzi enokuthi icingelwe:
1. Ingcali yezobugcisa - umntu onomsebenzi wakhe ukuqonda imiba yokuziphatha esetyenzisiweyo, ukuhlalutya amatyala avelayo kwaye akhuphe uluvo lweengcali kuwo. Ngaba kuvumelekile ukwenza iikopi ezibonakalayo zabantu abaswelekileyo? Ngaba ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa buzenza ngathi ngumntu ophilayo ngenxa yempilo-ntle yomntu?
2. Irabha -umntu umsebenzi wakhe kukutshabalalisa i-digital footprint. Kucingelwa ukuba abantu bexesha elizayo baya kutshintsha rhoqo igama kunye nenkangeleko yabo ukuze babaleke ezonweni zexesha elidlulileyo - umzekelo, wawunxila esikolweni, kwaye ngoku ungumbhanki ophumelelayo. Kodwa kusekho umkhondo wesikolo ekufuneka sitshatyalaliswe ngobuchule nangobuchule.
3. Ikhowudi yomfama. Kwixesha elizayo, ikhowudi iya kubhalwa ngamanethiwekhi e-neural, mhlawumbi kusetyenziswa i-evolutionary kunye nezinye i-algorithms. Ke ngoko, izisombululo zeengxaki ezithile ziya kufuneka ziphuhliswe kunokuba zenziwe. Ngokwenyani, umlimi ngumntu onefarm neurofarm apho le khowudi ikhula khona. UAndrey Breslav: Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini zexesha elizayo: kwenye, senze "ingqondo eyomeleleyo eyenziweyo" kwaye yonke into yafudukela kwihlabathi lenyani. Kweli hlabathi akukho misebenzi (kwingqiqo yethu), kwaye "umsebenzi" uthetha enye into.
Ndiza kuthathela ingqalelo enye inguqulelo: asidalanga i-AI eyomeleleyo, ke kusekho abantu njengezidalwa zebhayoloji, kwaye banobugcisa. Ngoko ke baya kusindiswa ubuchwephesha bezazinzulu zophando, abadwelisi benkqubo abenza iinkqubo ezichanekileyo ezithembekileyo (Ngelo xesha uthungelwano lwe-neural luya kube sele luhlangabezana nezingachanekanga), kunye nobuchwephesha bobugcisa obunxulunyaniswa nokuyilwa kwemifanekiso yeemvakalelo entsonkothileyo: ababhali, umzekelo, okanye abalawuli. UKonstantin Kichinsky:
- Umdwelisi wefomu yobomi enziweyo: umntu “oyila” iintlobo ezintsha zobomi, “obeka” indlela eziziphethe ngayo ezi zikhoyo, “ubhala” izinto ezidibanisa iiproteni, “apakishe” iinkcukacha kwiDNA, yaye kuphelele apho.
- Umyili wezakhiwo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi/umphezulu/zomoya/enyanga/… izixeko: umntu odala kwaye alawule imeko-bume entsha yokuhlaliswa koluntu kunye nemisebenzi ehambelanayo ye-urbanism, i-architecture, izibonelelo zezibonelelo, njl.
- Imnandi: Umntu odala ihlabathi elitshintshanayo kwisimo senkulungwane yama-21.
Ivan Yamshchikov: Ilula kakhulu kum apha. Umsebenzi wam awuyi kunyamalala kwiminyaka eyi-100. Okanye kunoko, ukuba kwiminyaka eyi-100 akuyi kubakho izazinzulu, ngoko kwiminyaka eyi-100 akuyi kubakho ubuntu kwingqiqo yegama njengoko siqonda uluntu. Ukuba uhlobo lwebhayoloji iHomo Sapiens iyaqhubeka nokubakho kwaye ayidali ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obungaphezulu kobukrelekrele bomntu, ke kukho umsebenzi wezazinzulu.
Ukuba abandithathi njengesazinzulu kwikhulu leminyaka, ndingaya abayili benkqubo yendalo evaliweyo. Ukuba sifunda ukwenza iziseko zendawo "zomjikelo opheleleyo", apho ubomi buya kukwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo, ngoko ke ndicinga ukuba kuya kubakho imfuno yokudala i-ecosystems yolu hlobo. Kuya kuba nemisebenzi emininzi: indlela yokuqinisekisa imozulu ethile, kunye nendlela yokufezekisa i-biodiversity eyaneleyo, indlela yokwenza yonke into enhle, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo lisebenza. Uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezakhono luya kuba luncedo apha: ukusuka kuyilo lwembonakalo yomhlaba ukuya kuhlalutyo lwedatha.
Ndingawubiza ngokuba ngumsebenzi wesithathu Isikhokelo esibonakalayo. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni womkhenkethi othe, ngokuqhwanyaza kwesandla sakhe, unokukuthatha kwipeyinti yaseRubens ukuya kwithaveni enomsi yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, akubonise i-brushstroke yomzobi phantsi kwemakroskopu, akuthumele kumaxesha ebhayibhile ngelixa ucengceleza iVangeli kaLuka, kwaye ndikubuyisele kumzobo. Kwaye bonke banemvakalelo yokuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kwimbali.
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yenyani yokwenyani kunye nojongano lwe-neural, amava anokuthi afumaneke kubo aya kuba yintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye anomdla. Umsebenzi uya kuba kukudibanisa iimeko-bume ezahlukeneyo zibe yingxelo enye, uyiqambe, kwaye uyenze ilungelelanise. Kucacile ukuba izinto ezikhangayo ezinjalo ziya kuba ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa iindleko zokunxibelelana kwabantu ziya kwanda. Ke ngoko, "amava" awodwa, afunyenwe kwisikhokelo esinentelekelelo, ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko solwazi, kwaye sikwazi ukunxibelelana nawe nge-interface ye-neural, mhlawumbi iya kuxabiswa phezulu kwaye yahluke ngokomgangatho kumava ngaphandle komntu. ukuthatha inxaxheba. Ngokufana nendlela umdlalo wekhompyuter owahluke ngayo kwiDnD yakudala. Alexander Andronov: Andazi ukuba kuzokwenzeka ntoni emva kweminyaka elikhulu. Mhlawumbi yonke into ejikelezileyo iya kuba ziirobhothi, kwaye abantu baya kuba nesidingo sokubabulala? Emva koko ndiya kudala Ishishini lokubulala iirobhothi. Okanye yonke into esehlabathini iya kuba sisixhobo. Emva koko ndiya kwenza njalo izixhobo zokurhweba. Okanye umntu akayi kuba nandawo yobuqu eshiywe kwaphela, kodwa uhlobo olutsha lwe-Intanethi yabucala luya kuvela. Emva koko ndiya kuyenzela iinkonzo. Ewe, okanye oku: kwikhulu leminyaka, zonke iimoto ziya kulawulwa kusetyenziswa ii-autopilot, ukuqhuba kuya kuba mnandi. Mna nda Ndiza kwenza ipaki yokuzonwabisa apho ungaqhuba khona ukonwabela. Valeria Kurmak:
- Umyili womzimba. Kwixesha elizayo, umzimba uya kutshintshwa zombini ngenxa yemfuza nangenxa yeendawo ezingaphandle zebhayoloji zomzimba. Umzekelo wenguqu yofuzo yijeli edibeneyo yejeli kwiDNA yemarmoset elulusu olukhazimlayo luluhlaza xa luvezwe kukukhanya kweultraviolet.
Ukuphumelela kwintsimi yeendawo ezingezizo zezinto eziphilayo kwenziwa liqela likaHugh Herr, owaphuhlisa ujongano oludibanisa imithambo-luvo kwilungu elishiyekileyo kunye neprosthesis ye-bionic yangaphandle kwaye ivumela ukuba ivezwe njengenxalenye epheleleyo. umzimba. Kwixesha elizayo, ukukwazi ukudibanisa izicubu ze-nerve kunye neendlela ezenziweyo kuya kuvumela umntu ukuba angagcini nje ngokuthatha indawo yemilenze elahlekileyo, kodwa kunye nokuphucula umzimba ophilileyo ngokupheleleyo, ukongeza ngamalungu angengowabantu. Ngokomzekelo, amaphiko, apho i-cyborg iya kuziva njengamalungu ayo angaphakathi kwaye iya kuba nako ukuyilawula ngokungekho ngaphantsi kokusebenza kakuhle.
- Umyili we-Omniinterface. Abantu banezimvo ezi-6. Namhlanje, ujongano lusebenza kakhulu ngombono. Unxibelelwano olusebenza ngokuva luqala ukukhula ngokusebenzayo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye kukho incasa, ivumba, ukubamba kunye nezixhobo ze-vestibular. Ndicinga ukuba kwixesha elizayo akuyi kubakho ujongano kuphela kwezi ndlela zokubona, kodwa kunye nokuxubana kwezi ndlela zokuqonda.
- Umphandi. Namhlanje kubonakala ngathi idatha enkulu iya kukuvumela ukuba wazi yonke into malunga nomntu. Idatha ngokwenene ikuvumela ukuba ubone oko kwenzekayo, kodwa ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni oku kwenzekayo, kufuneka uhambe emasimini, ufumane iinjongo, ukwesaba, iminqweno. Kubonakala ngathi ezinye iingcali ziya kuhlala zingatshintshi.
Alexander Lozhechkin: Andivumelani nokuqulunqwa kombuzo othi "kusekho umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe." Oku kuthetha ukuba andikade ndibe ngumdlali wepenshini okanye usozigidi (nto leyo iyafana - apho kukho uhlobo oluthile lwengeniso evumela ukuba ndingacingi ngeendleko zokuphila)? Ngethamsanqa, ndikude nosozigidi. Kwaye ndiyathemba ngokwenene (ewe, andixoki) ukuba andiyi kuba ngomnye. Nangona kunjalo, njengomntu odla umhlala-phantsi.
Ndonqena kakhulu, ngoko ukuba, uThixo akanakukwazi ukukwazi ukusebenza, ndiyoyika ukuba andiyi kukwazi ukuzinyanzela emsebenzini. Kwaye ukusuka kusasa ukuya ebusuku ndiya kubukela iYouTube okanye ndiskrole kwi-Facebook feed yam (okanye nantoni na eya kwenzeka kwikhulu leminyaka). Akunjalo ukuba andikuthandi ukusebenza, kodwa ukukhuthazwa kabini (umnqweno kunye nemfuneko) kusebenza ngcono kunokukhuthaza omnye. Ngoko ke, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, ndiyathemba ukuba uluntu lwethu kwiminyaka eyi-100 luya kuba sempilweni kangangokuba aluyi kuba nezi zinto zimbi zexesha elidlulileyo, njengelifa (ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba bathathe ngokungapheliyo kwaye bathathe, kunokuba banike kwaye banike) okanye ipenshoni, nto leyo, ndiyathemba, ayisayi kuphinda ifuneke, ekubeni amayeza aya kuvumela abantu ukuba bahlale beluncedo kuluntu, kwaye bangabi ngumthwalo kulo, ixesha elide njengoko befunwa.
Ngokuphathelele umbuzo othi "ngubani oza kuba" - oku kwesibini. Ndiyathemba kwikhulu leminyaka ukuba ndihlale ndiguquguquka kwaye ndihamba ngokwaneleyo ukuze ndifumane into endiyithandayo abantu belo xesha baya kuyidinga. Ke impendulo emfutshane kumbuzo othi "ukuba yintoni" kukuba luncedo kwaye ube bhetyebhetye.UGrigory Petrov:
Ingcali yengqondo yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, umyili wamava, isikhokelo kwihlabathi elibonakalayo.
Ngaba ucinga ukuba ulwalathiso lwe-IT njengendawo ethembisayo yomsebenzi kule minyaka iyi-100 izayo? Ngaba kukho indawo enokuthelekiswa nesithembiso?
UAndrey Sebrant: Andiqinisekanga nge-IT ... Kwifom yayo yangoku ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyi kusinda. Kodwa nayiphi na i "bio" (njengesimaphambili semisebenzi engekabikho) ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba yimfuneko. Kwiminyaka elikhulu, asiyi kukwazi ukwahlukana ngokupheleleyo ne-biological essence, kodwa siya kuyeka ukuba neentloni ngokuyitshintsha.UAndrey Konyaev: Akukho candelo le-IT likhona ixesha elide. Izakhono zokubhala iikhowudi ziba yinto efunekayo ekusebenzeni phantse kuyo nayiphi na intsimi. Yinto nje yokuba abantu bayizidalwa ezingenamsebenzi kwaye baqhubeke, ngaphandle komkhwa, ukubiza abantu abanoxanduva lweziseko zeshishini labo iingcali ze-IT. Valeria Kurmak: IT yindawo ebanzi kakhulu. Kukho imisebenzi emininzi kuyo, ezinye zazo zijika zibe ngumsebenzi wezandla. Umzekelo, uGoogle unenkqubo apho abasebenzi baphinda baqeqeshwa njengabaphuhlisi. Ezo. abaphuhlisi baphulukana newonga labo njengomsebenzi ontsonkothileyo nokhethekileyo.
Kwangaxeshanye, uninzi “lwabantu” luvela ngaphakathi kwi-IT abasombulula iingxaki ezibonakala zingezo-IT, umzekelo, umhleli we-UX. I-IT kum ayiyontsimi ngokwenene, kodwa sisixhobo sokusombulula iingxaki, njengesiNgesi, esifunekayo ukuze siqonde enye. Ngokwayo ayinaxabiso. Ngoncedo lwe-IT, imisebenzi yokwenza lula amava omsebenzisi, ukukhawuleza ukusebenzisana nomxhasi, ukulungiswa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zeenkqubo zangaphakathi zixazululwa.
Ukuba sithetha ngeendawo ezithembisayo zophuhliso ezingayi kufa kwaye ziya kuphuhlisa kakhulu, ngoko ke kum yindawo kunye ne-genetics. Ngaphezu koko, abantu abasebenza kwezi ndawo, njengomthetho, bayazi isiNgesi kwaye bayazi indlela yokucwangcisa.
UKonstantin Kichinsky: I-IT kunye ne-derivatives yayo iya kuba kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa ukuqonda kwethu kwangoku kwe-IT kuya kuthengiswa kwiminyaka eyi-100 njengombane ngoku. Ndingathathela ingqalelo oku kulandelayo njengeendawo ezithembisayo ezinokuthelekiswa:
- i-biotech, imfuzo, ibhayoloji yokubala;
- izixhobo ze-quantum, izinzwa - ulawulo lwenkqubo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukudala iikhomputha kwinqanaba le-quantum;
- Iinkqubo ze-cyber-living - zonke iintlobo zokwandisa abantu kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Umbuzo kukuba konke oku kuya kufumaneka ngobuninzi kunye nomda wokungena ophantsi.
UAndrey Breslav: Ewe, kwaye kungekhona kuphela inkqubo, kodwa kunye ne-QA, enokubaluleka ngakumbi ngokusasazwa kwe-neural networks (basele befunde indlela yokwenza into ethile, kodwa akukho mntu uqonda ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni kanye kanye).
Zonke iinkalo ezinxulumene nokucinga kokuyila ziya kuhlala zifunwa kwinqanaba elithile. Ngokukodwa, isayensi kunye nolawulo. Kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba zingaphi iingcaphephe ezinjalo eziya kufuneka, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba zibe ngaphezulu kunangoku.Alexander Andronov: IT isikhokelo esithembisayo kwixesha elingekho iminyaka eyi-100, kodwa kwixesha le-1000 leminyaka. Intsimi ethembisayo enokuthelekiswa iyeza, kuba kuya kubakho iindlela ezininzi zokuthatha indawo yamalungu, amalungu omzimba, abantu baya kuveliswa kwakhona. Uluntu luya kufika kwisigqibo sokuba ukuba into ethile emntwini iphukile, ngoko inokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ingafi. UGrigory Petrov: Ndiyakholelwa ukuba kwixesha le-100 leminyaka, yonke into enxulumene nentlalontle kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu iya kuba nethemba. Ekubeni ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo kukuqulunqwa koluntu "Ndifuna ukuba ..." kwifom esemthethweni, intsimi ingaphezu kokuthembisa. Iindawo ezithelekisekayo, ndicinga ukuba, yiyo yonke into enxulumene nokuzonwabisa. Ukwenza imidlalo yekhompyutha, umzekelo.Ivan Yamshchikov: Kubonakala kum ukuba siqonda i-IT ngokubanzi njenge "teknoloji yolwazi," ngoko kukho amathemba amaninzi apha. Ngokubanzi, siyabona ukuba ngoku phantse zonke iindawo zomsebenzi womntu ziqala ukuhamba kwidijithali. Ngoko kukho umsebenzi owaneleyo apha, kodwa kufuneka uqonde ukuba i-IT kule ngqiqo sisixhobo sokusombulula ingxaki ethile.
Imisebenzi ngokwayo iya kutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kubonakala kum, umzekelo, ukuba zininzi izinto ezinomdla ezenzekayo ngoku kwi-biology. Ndinepodcast . Imiba emalunga nezinto ezenziweyo okanye imfuzo yale mihla zezinye zezinto endizithandayo. Kukho into entsha eyenzekayo rhoqo kwi-biotech, amayeza, kunye ne-pharmacology.Alexander Lozhechkin: Kuxhomekeke kwinkcazo ye-IT. I-IT yavela kwi-cybernetics, isayensi eyaqanjwa ngohlobo lwayo lwangoku nguNorbert Wiener ngo-1948 (ingcamango, njengoko ibhore ngoku iya kundilungisa, yaqanjwa ngu-Ampere, eyiVolt eyahlulwe ngu-Ohm, ngaphambilana). Kwaye i-cybernetics yinzululwazi yokulawula kunye nokudlulisa ulwazi. Ulawulo kunye nokuhanjiswa kolwazi koomatshini, kwizinto eziphilayo, kuluntu, naphi na.
Ngoku i-cybernetics iyaziqonda ubukhulu becala ikwimo yee-silicon wafers ezineepateni ezintle. Ngomso - ngendlela ye-quantum computing okanye i-biotechnology. Kwaye oku, oku, kunye neyesithathu ziindlela nje zokuphumeza imigaqo ye-cybernetics, leyo, njengomthetho ka-Ohm, ikhona kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba "ifunyanwe". Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuhlala ikhona kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuthembisa. Kanye njengomthetho ka-Ohm.
Zeziphi iinkalo ocinga ukuba iingcali ze-IT ziya kuhlawulwa ngaphezulu? Indawo, iyeza, ulawulo lwengqondo, ukhetho lwakho?
Valeria Kurmak: Ndeva ibinzana elihle: "Kulula ukucinga isiphelo sehlabathi kunokuphela kongxowankulu." Ngelishwa, abayi kuhlawula kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo eluntwini - indawo okanye amayeza. Baya kuhlawula, njengesiqhelo, kwiindawo ezenza imali.
Namhlanje, inani elikhulu labantu abanetalente bachitha ixesha labo kwimikhankaso yentengiso kunye neendlela zokuthengisa eziqinisekisiweyo. Xa umamele kwiinkomfa ngendlela abafana beze ngayo nesisombululo esiqaqambileyo, ingqondo yakho iyaqhuma, kuba bonke obu buchule buchithwe ukuthengisa "inkunkuma yekati." Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abachwephesha namhlanje bakhetha intsimi kungekhona ngesixa, kodwa ngexabiso intsimi okanye inkampani ebonelela ngayo yena okanye uluntu. Kubalulekile ukuba iinkampani ziqwalasele indlela yokunxibelelana nabasebenzi bazo ngexabiso kunye nokubaluleka komsebenzi wabo.
UKonstantin Kichinsky: Ukuxhasa iinkqubo zoovimba ezizuzwe njengelifa kwinkulungwane yama-21. Andazi ukuba ukulingana kweCOBOL kuya kuba yintoni kwiminyaka eyi-100.
UAndrey Breslav: Kuyenzeka ukuba kwiminyaka eli-100 zonke iingcali ze-IT ziya kuhlawulwa ngokulinganayo, kuba wonke umsebenzi olula uya kuzenzela kwaye kuya kuhlala kuphela umsebenzi onzima ngokwenene. Ngoko abantu baya kuhlawula ngaphezulu apho bangafuni kakhulu ukusebenza khona. Mhlawumbi kwindawo ethile kwinkqubo yobundlobongela bombuso (amapolisa okanye ukulingana kwayo).Alexander Andronov: Kwiminyaka elikhulu, mhlawumbi kumayeza. Nangona, enyanisweni, ndiyakholelwa ukuba baya kuhlawula phantse yonke indawo. Umahluko awukho mkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungathathelwa ingqalelo konke konke. UGrigory Petrov: Baya kuhlawula kakhulu kwelona candelo likhulu, apho kufuneka iziqinisekiso eziphezulu. Ndicinga ukuba izakuba luyilo lwesicelo kunye ne-automation. Nangona iingxaki ezilula ziya kusonjululwa ngokulula, ukusombulula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo uya kufuna iingcali, iingcali ezininzi. Kwaye imisebenzi enzima kakhulu iya kufuna iingcali eziqeqeshwe kakhulu, eziya kuhlawulwa kakhulu.Ivan Yamshchikov: Kubonakala kum ukuba akusayi kubakho mahluko mkhulu ukusuka kwishishini ukuya kwishishini. Okungafaniyo mhlawumbi kuya kuba lulawulo lwengqondo yabantu. Ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo zisebenza, kwaye ngelo xesha umntu unolawulo olupheleleyo phezu kwabo, ngoko baya kuba nefuthe kumphathi wabo kuqala.Alexander Lozhechkin: Kwiminyaka eyi-100 kamva? Ixabiso, kubandakanywa nexabiso labasebenzi, lichongwa ngokulinganisela kokubonelela kunye nemfuno. Ngenxa yobuninzi bemveliso yeetshiphusi ze-silicon, iingcali ze-IT ngequbuliso zazifumana zikwimfuno enkulu kwintengiso. Bacinga ukuba kungenxa yokuba belumke kakhulu. Ingayiyo. Kodwa kuphela ngokuyinxenye. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yokuba bembalwa kubo, kodwa kuninzi okufunekayo.
Kudala-dala, into eyayisilela yayilinani lamahashe anokuthwala imithwalo. (Enyanisweni, kwakungeyiyo le nto yayinciphisa, kodwa kunoko ubungakanani bomgquba obuveliswa ngamahashe okufuneka bukhutshwe - isangqa esibi. Ngendlela, into efanayo eyenzekayo ngoku kunye nabantu be-IT: bavelisa kakhulu. .. hmm... hayi kakhulu isoftware , ukuba nangakumbi abantu be-IT bayafuneka ukuze bajamelane nayo). Kwaye ke ngequbuliso imoto yaqanjwa njengempendulo kwimfuno ekhulayo yothutho.
Nayiphi na imfuno engafezekiyo ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva ikhokelela ekuyilweni kwento ekungekho mntu uyilindeleyo. Ngendlela efanayo, ndicinga ukuba iStackOverflow-coders, enokukhangela kuphela kwaye ikopishe ikhowudi efunekayo kwi-Intanethi, kungekudala iya kuba yimfuneko kakhulu. Kodwa abantu abakwaziyo ukuza nento engazange ibekho baya kuba yimfuno rhoqo kwaye yonke indawo.
UAndrey Sebrant: Ndicinga ukuba iindawo eziza kuhlawula kakhulu ziya kuba zezo zikhula kwi-bioinformatics yanamhlanje. Asikayazi imvelaphi kunye namagama abo, kunjalo.
Ngowuphi unyaka ocinga ukuba iirobhothi ziya kuba zikrelekrele ngokwaneleyo ukuba "zikhuphe iitshiphusi ngokuzimeleyo ezibathintela ekubulaleni abantu"?
UAndrey Konyaev: Ngokunokwenzeka, iirobhothi zexesha elizayo aziyi kuba yi-hardware, kodwa iya kuba yi-software kunye ne-teknoloji. Into efana neenkqubo kwi-movie "I-Matrix", ilula kuphela kwaye ingenawo ama-avatars abantu.
Ngokuphathelele isiphelo sehlabathi, akusayi kubakho mfuneko yokuba kubulawe abantu. Kuya kukwanela ukulungelelanisa ukuwa kwezoqoqosho, ukungaphumeleli konxibelelwano lwehlabathi okanye into enjalo.Valeria Kurmak: Umahluko phakathi kwe "Terminator" kunye nomboniso bhanyabhanya othi "Her" kukuba kwiirobhothi zokuqala zifuna ukoyisa abantu, kwaye okwesibini babona ubuntu njengento ebuthathaka kwaye engaphuhliswanga, kwaye bayishiye ngokulula kubukhulu be-Intanethi. . Vuma, kuyamangalisa ukufuna ukubulala imbovane. Ndicinga ukuba kuya kubakho ibali lesithathu. Umntu uya kuba ngumntu odibeneyo kunye nobomi kwizinto zokwenyani ezimbini: ukuba ne-chip eya kusivumela ukuba siphindaphinde amanani angama-30 ngamanani angama-50 ngesantya esifanayo nekhompyutheni, kodwa siya kuhlala sinengqondo yethu, eya kuqhubeka guquka.UKonstantin Kichinsky: Andiqondi ukuba baya kuba nazo iichips ezinjalo. Ndiyathetha, asazi ukuba singayichaza njani i-100% ngokuchanekileyo kwirobhothi ethi "kancinci ngakumbi kwaye uya kubulala umntu, musa ukuyenza loo nto." Ngolu luvo, akuyi kubakho isithinteli chip. Iirobhothi ziya kubulala abantu maxa wambi ngengozi okanye ngokufuthi ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Ndiyathandabuza ukuba umkhosi uya kusala isilingo esinjalo.UAndrey Breslav: Kukho indlela elula kakhulu yokuphepha ukuvukela koomatshini: kamsinya nje ukuba oomatshini babe bakrelekrele ngokwaneleyo, bonke abantu baya kukwazi ukutshintsha imizimba yabo yebhayoloji ngeyenziwe ngumntu kwaye nabo babe ngoomatshini. Emva koku, ungquzulwano phakathi koluntu kunye neerobhothi ziya kuphulukana nentsingiselo yayo.Alexander Andronov: Ukuba iirobhothi zifuna ukutshabalalisa uluntu, aziyi kuyenza ngezandla zazo. Baza kusityhala ngokulula kwiimfazwe nakwintshabalalo. Kwihlabathi jikelele, uluntu ngokwalo luhlangabezana kakuhle nokutshatyalaliswa kwalo, yeha.UGrigory Petrov: Yeha, akukho "ukuzimela". Kukho oqeqeshiweyo. Kanye xa umntu ebafundisa oku. Oko kukuthi, kwiminyaka engama-50 ezayo siya kuphila kwaye ... asiyi kuba nzima ukunkwantya. Abantu baye bahlangabezana ngempumelelo nalo msebenzi kangangamawaka eminyaka; akunakwenzeka ukuba ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bukwazi ukukhuphisana neentlobo zethu zebhayoloji ekutshabalaliseni uhlobo lwayo.Ivan Yamshchikov: Sisekude kakhulu nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kwaye uqikelelo kwinkalo yenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi ngumsebenzi ongenambulelo. Kule mihla, abantu abaninzi bafunda ngenkuthalo imiba ekudibaneni kokhuseleko, imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Uninzi lwemibuzo iseyeyengcingane yethiyori, njengoko kungekho namacebiso obulumko bokwenziwa “obunamandla” obunokuba neyakhe indlela yokubeka iinjongo.Alexander Lozhechkin: Ngaba ucinga ukuba ngoku silawula ii-algorithms esizenzayo? Okanye ubuncinci baqonde indlela abasebenza ngayo? Ngokusasazeka ngokubanzi kwe-algorithms engabonakaliyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Machine Learning", oku akusekho. Ke ndicinga ukuba impendulo enyanisekileyo kulo mbuzo ithi "asazi" kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba asizukwazi.
Kodwa ngokubanzi, ngaba uluntu luya kuphila de kube ngowama-2120?
UAndrey Konyaev: Izophila ukubona apho iya khona.
UAndrey Sebrant: Ewe kunjalo :) Kodwa ndiyazibuza ukuba izakuba njani kwaye iza kuba ngubani.
UKonstantin Kichinsky: Ewe, kukho amathuba. Bathi u-Elon Musk uyazi into ethile, ukwakha iirokethi, ukumba iitonela, ukuphuhlisa amanye amandla.
UAndrey Breslav: Ukuba akaphili, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngenxa yeerobhothi. Inokwenzeka ukuba, into iya kutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kwintsimi yemozulu, okanye omnye wabantu uya kwenza into yobudenge kwaye asebenzise isixhobo esiyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa kukho ithemba lokuba ukuba oku akuzange kwenzeke ebudeni benkulungwane yama-100, siya kukwazi ukunyamezela eminye iminyaka eli-XNUMX.
Alexander Andronov: Ikhulu leminyaka ayikho kangako. Ngokuqinisekileyo siya kusinda.
UGeorge Petrov: Ndiyathemba ukuba ubuntu buzophila, kwaye ndiya kuphila. Ukuphuhliswa kweyeza yinto yonke kuthi.
Ivan Yamshchikov: “Andazi ukuba imfazwe yehlabathi yesithathu iya kuliwa ngaziphi izixhobo, kodwa imfazwe yehlabathi yesine iya kuliwa ngeentonga namatye. Ukuthintela iintlekele ezinokukhokelela ekufeni koluntu luxanduva lwethu sonke. Ndiyathemba ukuba singakwazi ukujamelana nayo.
Valeria Kurmak: Ukuba sithetha ngoloyiko lweemfazwe, ngoko, njengoko besenditshilo, namhlanje i-capitalism ilawula, kwaye iimfazwe ngengqiqo yeklasi ayinanzuzo kuyo. Yiyo loo nto iimfazwe esizibona namhlanje zezoqoqosho. Ndicinga ukuba ngesayensi yanamhlanje, hayi nje ubuntu, kodwa nam kunye nabantu bexesha lam sinethuba lokuphila de kube yi-2120. Ndiyakholelwa ngokwenene ukuba kukho ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuba oku kwenzeke.
Alexander Lozhechkin: Ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo enzima, impendulo yenkcazo echanekileyo ihlala inceda. Yintoni "ubuntu"? Ngaba olu luluntu lwezidalwa zeprotheni zohlobo lweHomo Sapiens kwiplanethi enguMhlaba?
Ndicinga ukuba iya kusinda ngendlela enye okanye enye. Kodwa, ukunyaniseka, oku akusabalulekanga kangako kum, ekubeni siphila kwaye siphuhlisa ixesha elide asisekho kwimo yezidalwa zeprotheyini, kodwa ngendlela yeengcamango ezingabonakaliyo. Kwaye kule fomu, andithandabuzi ukuba siya kusinda. Nokuba ngequbuliso, ngaphandle kwayo yonke imizamo ye-eco-activists, iLanga liqhuma - emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iVoyager, kunye nempumelelo yeengcamango zomntu, kungekudala yaphuma kwiplanethi yelanga.
Bahlobo, abafunde bafikelela esiphelweni, siyathemba ukuba nilonwabele udliwano-ndlebe lwethu. Siphinde sarekhoda uvavanyo nje ngokuzonwabisa
umthombo: www.habr.com