Sixoxa ngeendlela ezizezinye kuphuhliso lweemveliso ze-semiconductor.
/ ifoto Unsplash
Kwilixa elidlulile malunga nezinto ezinokuthatha indawo ye-silicon ekuveliseni i-transistors kunye nokwandisa amandla abo. Namhlanje sixoxa ngezinye iindlela zokuphuhliswa kweemveliso ze-semiconductor kunye nendlela eziza kusetyenziswa ngayo kumaziko edatha.
Iitransistor zePiezoelectric
Izixhobo ezinjalo zineenxalenye ze-piezoelectric kunye ne-piezoresistive kwisakhiwo sabo. Eyokuqala iguqula iimpembelelo zombane zibe yizandi. Owesibini uthatha la maza omsindo, ucinezele kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, uvula okanye uvale i-transistor. Samarium selenide () - kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo mhlawumbi njenge-semiconductor (ukuchasana okuphezulu) okanye njengesinyithi.
I-IBM yayiyeyokuqala ukwazisa ingcamango ye-piezoelectric transistor. Iinjineli zenkampani zibandakanyeka kuphuhliso kule ndawo . Oogxa babo base-UK National Physical Laboratory, iYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh kunye ne-Auburn nabo basebenza kweli cala.
I-piezoelectric transistor ichitha amandla amancinci kakhulu kunezixhobo ze-silicon. Itekhnoloji kuqala kwiigajethi ezincinci apho kunzima ukususa ukushisa - ii-smartphones, izixhobo zerediyo, iirada.
I-Piezoelectric transistors inokufumana isicelo kwiiprosesa zeseva kumaziko edatha. I-teknoloji iya kwandisa amandla okusebenza kwe-hardware kwaye iya kunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi beziko ledatha kwiziseko ze-IT.
Iitransistor zetonela
Omnye wemingeni ephambili kubenzi besixhobo se-semiconductor kukuyila ii-transistors ezinokutshintshwa kumbane ophantsi. Iitransistor zetonela zinokuyisombulula le ngxaki. Ezo zixhobo zilawulwa kusetyenziswa .
Ngaloo ndlela, xa i-voltage yangaphandle isetyenziswa, i-transistor itshintsha ngokukhawuleza kuba ii-electron ziyakwazi ukunqoba umqobo we-dielectric. Ngenxa yoko, ifowuni idinga amaxesha amaninzi ngaphantsi kwamandla ombane ukuze isebenze.
Oosonzululwazi abavela kwi-MIPT kunye neYunivesithi yase-Tohoku yaseJapan baphuhlisa ii-tunnel transistors. Basebenzisa igraphene enemigangatho emibini ukuya isixhobo esisebenza amaxesha angama-10-100 ngokukhawuleza kunezinye ze-silicon. Ngokutsho kweenjineli, iteknoloji yabo iiprosesa zoyilo eziya kuba nemveliso ngokuphindwe kamashumi amabini kuneemodeli zeflegi zangoku.
/ ifoto PD
Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, iiprototypes ze-tunnel transistors zaphunyezwa kusetyenziswa izinto ezahlukeneyo - ukongeza kwigraphene, zazikho. и . Nangona kunjalo, iteknoloji ayikashiyi iindonga zebhubhoratri, kwaye akukho ntetho yemveliso enkulu yezixhobo ezisekelwe kuyo.
Spin transistors
Umsebenzi wabo usekelwe ekuhambeni kwee-electron spins. I-spins ihamba ngoncedo lwentsimi yamagnetic yangaphandle, eyalela kwicala elinye kwaye yenza i-spin current. Izixhobo ezisebenza ngoku zidla amandla aphindwe kalikhulu kune-silicon transistors, kunye ngesantya sebhiliyoni yamaxesha ngomzuzwana.
Inzuzo ephambili yezixhobo zokujikeleza ukuguquguquka kwazo. Badibanisa imisebenzi yesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi, i-detector yokuyifunda, kunye nokutshintsha ukuyihambisa kwezinye izinto ze-chip.
Kukholelwa ukuba nguvulindlela ingcamango ye-spin transistor iinjineli zeSupriyo Datta kunye neBiswajit Das ngo-1990. Ukusukela ngoko, iinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT zithathe uphuhliso kule ndawo, . Nangona kunjalo, njani iinjineli, i-spin transistors isekude ukuba ibonakale kwiimveliso zabathengi.
Iitransistor zentsimbi ukuya emoyeni
Kwisiseko sayo, imigaqo yokusebenza kunye noyilo lwe-transistor yomoya wensimbi ikhumbuza i-transistors . Ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile: i-drain kunye nomthombo we-transistor entsha zi-electrode zetsimbi. I-shutter yesixhobo iphantsi kwayo kwaye ifakwe ifilimu ye-oxide.
I-drain kunye nomthombo ibekwe kumgama wee-nanometers ezingamashumi amathathu ukusuka komnye nomnye, okuvumela ukuba ii-electron zidlule ngokukhululekile kwindawo yomoya. Ukutshintshana kwamasuntswana ahlawuliweyo kwenzeka ngenxa .
Uphuhliso lwe-metal-to-air transistors Iqela elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseMelbourne - RMIT. Iinjineli zithi itekhnoloji iya "kuphefumla ubomi obutsha" kumthetho kaMoore kwaye yenze kube lula ukwakha uthungelwano olupheleleyo lwe-3D ukusuka kwi-transistors. Abavelisi beChip baya kuba nako ukuyeka ukunciphisa ngokungapheliyo iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe kwaye baqale ukudala i-compact 3D architectures.
Ngokutsho kwabaphuhlisi, i-frequency yokusebenza yohlobo olutsha lwe-transistors iya kudlula amakhulu egigahertz. Ukukhutshwa kweteknoloji kubantu abaninzi kuya kwandisa amandla eenkqubo zekhompyutha kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kweeseva kumaziko edatha.
Iqela ngoku lijonge abatyali-mali ukuba baqhubeke nophando lwabo kwaye basombulule ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe. I-drain kunye ne-electrodes yomthombo iyancibilika phantsi kwefuthe lentsimi yombane - oku kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-transistor. Baceba ukulungisa ukusilela kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Emva koku, iinjineli ziya kuqalisa ukulungiselela ukuzisa imveliso kwintengiso.
Yintoni enye esibhala ngayo kwibhlog yethu yeshishini:
umthombo: www.habr.com