Abacwangcisi banamhlanje banokubizwa ngokuba zintanda. Baneendawo zophuhliso ezinamandla kunye neelwimi ezininzi zokucwangcisa abanazo. Kwaye kwiminyaka nje engama-30 eyadlulayo, izazinzulu ezingatshatanga kunye nabantu abanomdla babhala iinkqubo nakwizixhobo zokubala.
Lumka, zininzi iifoto phantsi kokusikwa!
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-80s, urhulumente wenza iinzame ezininzi zokwazisa itekhnoloji yolwazi. Amanqaku enzululwazi apapashwa, kwaye amacandelo onke anikelwe kwizihloko ze-IT avela kwiimagazini. Kwiingcali (ababeyizazinzulu ngelo xesha), i-USSR Academy of Sciences yapapasha iphephancwadi iNkqubo. Nathi khange silibale ngabasafundayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiphephancwadi elithi "Tekhnoloji yoLutsha" kukho ikholamu ethi "Umntu kunye neKhompyutha", ezinikele ekuchazeni amagama amatsha kunye nokuphononongwa kwezixhobo ezitsha. Iingcebiso malunga nokulwa neentsholongwane, ukusebenzisa imidiya, njl.
Ngomzamo wokwandisa isantya sokudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyuter kubomi bemihla ngemihla borhulumente, abasemagunyeni abazange benze umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda. Ngaloo ndlela, iphephancwadi elithi "Rabotnitsa" (ukujikeleza ~ 15 yezigidi) yabiza abafazi ukuba bafunde iikhompyutheni ngokulinganayo kunye namadoda, kunye nokufundisa le sayensi kwiintombi zabo. NgoSeptemba 1986, intombazana encinane yavela kwiphepha elingaphandle laloo mpapasho phambi kwemonitha.
Nangona ikhompyutha yayibiza kakhulu, yayinokuhlanganiswa kwiindawo ezithengwe kwimarike kanomathotholo. Ke, amanqaku alula malunga neekhompyuter kunye neprogram avele avela eMurzilka!
Ukuthandwa okunjalo kwezixhobo zekhompyuter ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelele kwiziganeko. Ngokomzekelo, kwiphephandaba i<em>Trud ngowe-1987, kwakukho inqaku elithetha ngentloko exakekileyo yenkqubo yolawulo oluzisebenzelayo yomzi-mveliso wesamente, owakhupha amalungu axabisa iiruble ezingama-6 000 ukuze adibanise ikhompyutha yakhe ekhaya. Ngelo xesha, indlu encinane eMoscow yayixabisa amawaka amathandathu eeruble, nangona i-VAZ-2106 ixabisa ngakumbi - ii-ruble ezingama-9.
Isihloko senkqubo ye-amateur siphakanyiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumaphepha oshicilelo lwenzululwazi oludumileyo njengeNzululwazi kunye noBomi (ujikelezo - 3 yezigidi). Ukususela ngowe-1985, amanqaku aqalisa ukupapashwa apho njengenxalenye yongcelele oluthi “Isikolo Somqalisi Wenkqubo”. La manqaku afundise umfundi iziseko zokudala iinkqubo ze-microcalculator. Kusenokubonakala kumangalisa ngoku, kodwa ngelo xesha inkqubo yayibizwa ngokuba bubugcisa. Yahluke kangakanani le ndlela kuleyo idla ngokufunyanwa namhlanje?"ikhowudi!
Ukuzintywilisela ngakumbi kwi-tube emoyeni yenkqubo yokugqibela yee-80s, sikuzisa kwingqwalasela yakho iskena esisuka komnye wabasebenzi abagcinwe ngokungummangaliso. iphephancwadi elithi "Science and Life" ye-11.1988. Esi sifundo seNombolo ye-22 ye-"School for Beginner Programmers".
Njengoko bethetha, funda kwaye uqonde
Uguqulelo olulungele ngakumbi ukufunda lungaphakathi . Ukuba ufuna ukufumana ulwazi olongezelelekileyo malunga nenkqubo kwiikhaltyhuleyitha, ke .
Yintoni abanayo?
Ngelixa inkqubo ye-amateur yayiphuhliswa kwi-USSR, uqikelelo lwekamva lwenziwa e-USA. Ke, i-Apple ibambe ukhuphiswano lweembono malunga nokuba iikhompyuter ziya kuba njani ngo-2000. Olu khuphiswano lwaphunyelelwa liqela labafundi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseIllinois. Oko bakucebisayo kuchazwe kwinqaku eliphuma kwiphephancwadi iSayensi noBomi ukususela ngowe-1988. Usekhona ifunyenwe , kodwa loo nto ayikwenzi kube mnandi kangako, akunjalo?
Ndiyazibuza ukuba bangaphi abantu ngoku abanokubhala inkqubo usebenzisa amandla alinganiselweyo e-microcalculator? Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imizekelo ephumelelayo okanye uzame ukubhala into efanayo nawe, nceda wabelane ngamagqabantshintshi.
umthombo: www.habr.com
