Iprojekthi yeDebian iqalise ivoti jikelele kumba wokubonelela nge-firmware yobunini

Iprojekthi ye-Debian ibhengeze ivoti jikelele (GR, isisombululo jikelele) sabaphuhlisi beprojekthi malunga nokubonelela nge-firmware yobunikazi njengenxalenye yemifanekiso esemthethweni yokufakela kunye nokwakhiwa okuphilayo. Isigaba sengxoxo sezinto ezibekwe ukuvota ziya kuhlala kude kube nguSeptemba 2, emva koko ukuqokelela iivoti kuya kuqala. Malunga newaka labaphuhlisi abathatha inxaxheba ekugcineni iipakethe kunye nokugcina iziseko zeDebian banamalungelo okuvota.

Kungekudala, abavelisi be-hardware baye baphendukela ekusebenziseni i-firmware yangaphandle elayishwe yinkqubo yokusebenza, endaweni yokuhambisa i-firmware kwimemori esisigxina kwizixhobo ngokwazo. I-firmware yangaphandle enjalo iyimfuneko kwiigraphics ezininzi zanamhlanje, isandi kunye neeadaptha zenethiwekhi. Kwangaxeshanye, umbuzo wokuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-firmware yobunikazi ihambelana njani nemfuno yokubonelela ngesoftware yasimahla kwi-Debian ephambili yokwakha ayicacanga, kuba i-firmware isenziwa kwizixhobo zehardware, hayi kwinkqubo, kwaye ihambelana nezixhobo. . Iikhompyuter zanamhlanje, zixhotyiswe nkqu nokuhanjiswa kwasimahla, sebenzisa i-firmware eyakhelweyo kwisixhobo. Ukwahlukana kuphela kukuba enye i-firmware ilayishwe yinkqubo yokusebenza, ngelixa ezinye sele zikhanyise kwi-ROM okanye kwimemori yeFlash.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-firmware yobunikazi ayizange ibandakanywe kwimifanekiso esemthethweni yokufakela i-Debian kwaye yanikezelwa kwindawo eyahlukileyo engekho simahla. Iindibano zokufakela ezine-firmware yobunikazi zinesimo esingekho semthethweni kwaye zisasazwa ngokwahlukileyo, okukhokelela ekubhidekeni kwaye kudala ubunzima kubasebenzisi, kuba kwiimeko ezininzi ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo zanamhlanje kunokufezekiswa kuphela emva kokufaka i-firmware yobunikazi. Iprojekthi ye-Debian ilungiselela kwaye igcine iindibano ezingekho semthethweni kunye ne-firmware yobunikazi, efuna inkcitho eyongezelelweyo yezibonelelo ekuhlanganiseni, kuvavanyo kunye nokuthumela iindibano ezingekho semthethweni eziphindaphinda ezisemthethweni.

Kuye kwavela imeko apho ukwakhiwa ngokungekho semthethweni kukhethwa ngakumbi kumsebenzisi ukuba ufuna ukufumana inkxaso eqhelekileyo yezixhobo zakhe, kwaye ukufakela ukwakhiwa kwegosa elicetyiswayo kudla ngokukhokelela kwiingxaki ngenkxaso ye-hardware. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kweendibano ezingekho semthethweni kuphazamisana nokufezekiswa kwenjongo yokuhambisa isoftware yemithombo evulekileyo kuphela kwaye ngokungazi kukhokelela ekwazisweni kwesoftware yobunini, kuba umsebenzisi, kunye ne-firmware, ikwafumana indawo yokugcina eqhagamshelwe engasimahla kunye nezinye ezingezizo. isoftware yasimahla.

Ukucombulula ingxaki ngokusebenza kubasebenzisi bendawo yokugcina into engekho simahla kwimeko yokusebenzisa i-firmware engekho simahla, kucetywayo ukwahlula i-firmware ye-proprietary kwi-non-free repository ibe yinto eyahlukileyo ye-firmware ye-non-free-firmware kwaye ibonelele ngokwahlukileyo. , ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba kusebenze indawo yokugcina engahlawulelwayo. Ngokuphathelele ukuhanjiswa kwe-firmware yobunini kwiindibano zofakelo, iindlela ezintathu zotshintsho zamiselwa ukuvota:

Bandakanya iipakethe ze-firmware ezingahlawulelwayo kumajelo ofakelo asemthethweni. Umfanekiso omtsha wofakelo olubandakanya i-firmware engekho simahla iya kuthunyelwa endaweni yomfanekiso oqulethe isoftware yasimahla kuphela. Ukuba unezixhobo ezifuna i-firmware yangaphandle ukuba isebenze, ukusetyenziswa kwe-firmware efunekayo yobunini kuya kwenziwa ngokungagqibekanga. Kule meko, kwinqanaba lokuqalisa, isethingi iya kongezwa ekuvumela ukuba ukhubaze ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwe-firmware engekho simahla. Ukuze umsebenzisi enze ukhetho olunolwazi, i-installer iya kwahlula ngokucacileyo i-firmware yamahhala kunye ne-non-free, kwaye ibonise ulwazi malunga noluphi uhlobo lwe-firmware oluya kulayishwa. Emva kokufakwa kwinkqubo, kucetywayo ukongeza i-non-free-firmware repository kwifayile ye-sources.list ngokungagqibekanga, eya kukuvumela ukuba ufumane uhlaziyo lwe-firmware olulungisa ubuthathaka kunye neempazamo ezibalulekileyo.

Lungiselela umfanekiso wofakelo kunye ne-firmware engekho simahla, njengoko ichazwe kwinqaku 1, kodwa unikeze ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye kungekhona endaweni yomfanekiso oqulethe isofthiwe yamahhala kuphela. Kucetywayo ukunika isimo esisemthethweni kumfanekiso omtsha wofakelo kunye ne-firmware yobunikazi, kodwa uqhubeke nokubonelela ngoguqulelo oludala lomfanekiso osemthethweni, ongabandakanyi i-firmware yobunikazi. Ukwenza kube lula kubantu abafikayo ukuba bafumane, umfanekiso one-firmware uya kuboniswa kwindawo ebonakalayo. Umfanekiso ngaphandle kwe-firmware uya kunikwa kwiphepha elifanayo lokukhuphela, kodwa njengento ephambili ephantsi.

Vumela iprojekthi yeDebian ukuba yenze umfanekiso wofakelo owahlukileyo oquka iipakethe ezivela kwicandelo elingasimahla, eliya kufumaneka ukuze likhutshelwe ukongeza kumfanekiso wofakelo oqulathe kuphela isoftwe yasimahla. Ukukhuphela kuya kuququzelelwa ngendlela yokuba umsebenzisi, ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhuphela, uya kufumana ulwazi malunga nokuba yeyiphi imifanekiso equlethe isofthiwe yamahhala kuphela.

umthombo: opennet.ru