Phantse wonke umphuhlisi ubuza imibuzo malunga nokuba kufuneka aphuhlise njani izakhono zakhe kwaye loluphi ulwalathiso lokukhula anokuthi alukhethe: ngokuthe nkqo - oko kukuthi, ukuba ngumphathi, okanye othe tye - isitaki esipheleleyo. Iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi kwimveliso enye, ngokuchasene neentsomi, ayibi ngumda, kodwa ithuba eliluncedo. Kweli nqaku, sabelana ngamava omphuhlisi wethu we-backend u-Alexey, ozinikele iminyaka eyi-6 kwiziqinisekiso kwaye ngeli xesha wasebenza ngendlela yakhe ukuya ekubeni ngumyili wezakhiwo.
Ngubani umyili wezakhiwo
Umakhi we-IT (i-tech lead) ngumphuhlisi okwinqanaba eliphezulu ojongene nemiba yehlabathi kwiiprojekthi ze-IT. Uzicwilisela kwiinkqubo zoshishino lwabathengi kwaye unceda ukuxazulula iingxaki zakhe usebenzisa iteknoloji, kwaye unquma ukuba le nto okanye inkqubo yolwazi iya kwakhiwa njani.
Ingcali enjalo ayifuni nje ukuqonda iinkalo zesifundo ngasinye, kodwa nokubona yonke inkqubo:
- Ukumisela ingxaki yeshishini.
- Uphuhliso, kubandakanywa inkqubo, ukulungiswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kwedatha.
- Ukusasazwa kunye nenkxaso yeziseko ezingundoqo.
- Ukuvavanywa.
- Sebenzisa.
- Uhlalutyo kunye neenkonzo zokusebenza.
Oku kuthetha ukukwazi ukuzibeka ezicathulweni zayo nayiphi na ingcali okanye iqela kumjikelezo wobomi bophuhliso, ukuqonda imeko yangoku yeenkqubo ezivela ngaphakathi, ukuchonga iimpazamo ezenziwe, kwaye wenze iinjongo. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka wenze utyando ngokwakho.
Indlela yophuhliso lobuchwephesha ukusuka kumphuhlisi ukuya kumyili wezakhiwo ithatha ixesha elide - ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka emininzi. Ukwenza oku, umphuhlisi udinga zombini izakhono ezisebenzayo kunye nolwazi lwethiyori, olunokuthi luqinisekiswe ngesatifikethi samazwe ngamazwe.
Ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 kwiprojekthi enye - inkqubo okanye ithuba lokukhula?
Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, saqala ukusebenza kwinkqubo enkulu ye-IT yonyango kumthengi wangaphandle. Bekukho iingxaki ezithile kule projekthi inkulu:
- ukufikelela okulinganiselweyo;
- imveliso engazinzanga;
- umgama omde ngokumangalisayo kunye nolwamkelo olude.
"Lixesha lokuphucula izakhono zakho"", - omnye wabaphuhlisi abahamba phambili u-Alexey weza kwesi sigqibo ukuze anqobe ubunzima obudwelisiweyo kunye nokuqonda kakuhle inkqubo.
U-Alexey wabelana ngamava akhe, apho kungcono ukuqalisa uqeqesho, zeziphi izatifikethi ezibalulekileyo ukufumana, njani kwaye kutheni ukwenza oko.
Inyathelo lokuqala: phucula isiNgesi sakho
Iilwimi zokucwangcisa ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yophuhliso, kodwa iilwimi zonxibelelwano zibalulekile. Ngokukodwa kunxibelelwano nomthengi othetha isiNgesi!
Ukusuka kuqheliselo
Ngenye imini entle, u-Alexey wafumana umnxeba ovela kumqeshwa ovela kwicala lomthengi. Ngelo xesha, umphuhlisi wethu wayengeke akwazi ukuqhayisa ngeqela lezatifikethi - kungekhona kwiteknoloji, okanye kulawulo, okanye kunxibelelwano. Mhlawumbi abayi kuba luncedo - emva koko, unokuba yingcali enobuchule ngaphandle kwe-regalia eyongezelelweyo. Kodwa ingxaki yasekho.
Kufuneka siqonde ukuba ulwimi oluthethwayo lwahluke kakhulu kulwimi olubhalwayo. Ukuba unolwazi olucacileyo lwesiNgesi, kodwa ungaziqhelanisi ukumamela nokuthetha, sineendaba ezimbi ngawe. Kule meko, iingxoxo zomnxeba kunye namaqabane zingakhokelela ekugqibeleni.
U-Alexey wabamba amagama aqhelekileyo emnxebeni, kodwa intetho yogxa wakhe yayikhawuleza kakhulu kwaye yayingafani nokubizwa kweklasikhi ukusuka kwizifundo ezivakalayo kangangokuba eyona nto iphambili yemibuzo yakhe yaya ndaweni ithile idlulileyo. Ngenxa yokuthobeka kunye nokungafuni ukunyanzela imeko, u-Alexey wavuma ngokukhawuleza kuzo zonke iziphakamiso.
Ngaba kufuneka nditsho ukuba izinto ezingemnandanga zafunyanwa ngexesha lomsebenzi? Umphuhlisi wethu ubhalisele into ebeya kuba wala ngabom ngokupheleleyo ukuba isithembiso size ngolwimi oluqondakalayo.
Ngelo xesha kwacaca ukuba kwakuyimfuneko nje ukuphucula izakhono zokuphulaphula nokuthetha. Eyona ndlela ingcono yokwenza oku yayikukufumana iziqinisekiso.
Isiqinisekiso soLwimi lwesiNgesi
Ukuze kuphuculwe unxibelelwano kwisakhelo seprojekthi yethu yezonyango, u-Alexey wafunda kwiinkqubo ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Ngenxa yoko, waphumelela i-FCE-iSatifikethi sokuQala kwisatifikethi sesiNgesi. Oku kwandinceda ndaqalisa ukuva umthengi kwaye ndidlulisele iingcinga zam kuye.
Ukuqhawula ubomi:
Ziphephe iinkqubo ezisisiseko zesiNgesi. Ubuchule kufuneka bujoliswe. Ukuba ufuna isiNgesi kunxibelelwano lweshishini, kufuneka usithathe. Musa nje ukuhamba ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye uthathe i-CAE (iSatifikethi kwisiNgesi esiPhezulu). Ubugqwesileyo bawo ngamagama antsonkothileyo, amabinzana akhethekileyo phantse angazange asetyenziswe kunxibelelwano lwezizwe ngezizwe.
Inyathelo lesibini: ukuqinisekiswa kuyo yonke itekhnoloji
Ekuqaleni, le projekthi yayisekelwe kwi-ORM ye-teknoloji ye-mapping enxulumene nento. Iqela lophuhliso kwicala lomthengi liziqhenyce ngengqondo yabo, kuba yonke into yenziwa kusetyenziswa iingcamango eziphambili, ezinzima kwaye zipholile.
Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki kwimveliso-ingakumbi, iseva ye-SQL ehlala iqhwala-yayingaqhelekanga. Kwafikelela kwinqanaba apho isisombululo esiqhelekileyo kwingxaki yayikukuqalisa kwakhona inkonzo. Umthengi wafowunela umphathi weqela waza wathi lifikile ixesha lokuphinda aqalise. Ekugqibeleni sagqiba kwelokuba siyiphelise.
Umthengi wayefuna ukusebenzela ukusebenza kwenkqubo - ngenxa yoko kwakuyimfuneko ukwazisa iprofayili kunye nokwenza rhoqo ukulungiswa. Ngelo xesha, malunga no-2015, i-Ants Profiler yakhethwa njengesixhobo sokwenza iprofayili, kodwa iqhube kakubi. Ngeenkcukacha eziphantsi, kwakunzima ukufumana ulwazi malunga nebhloko ebalulekileyo yekhowudi. Ngeenkcukacha eziphezulu, i-Ants Profiler yaqala ukutshintsha ikhowudi ngendlela yokuba ukusebenza kweenkqubo kwakusemngciphekweni - apho iprofayili yayicwangcisiwe, yonke into yaphuka. Sayitshintsha ke indlela yethu.
Saqala ngokuhlalutya izibalo
Xa uhlalutya izibalo zokuthengisa, kwacaca ukuba i-95% yomsebenzi kwiseva inengqiqo yezoshishino zamandulo ze-4 imigca. Kubo, umbuzo omnye weSQL wawanele, kwaye hayi isethi epheleleyo yemibuzo eveliswe yibhloko yengqiqo yeshishini ngeORM.
U-Alexey ucebise kwaye wasebenzisa inkqubo egciniweyo yokuhambisa umsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-ORM. Lo mbono wawuphikisana neprojekthi eqhelekileyo, iqela elikhokelayo labulisa ngononophelo, kodwa umthengi wamkela yonke into kwaye wacela ukuphunyezwa. Oku kwakungamangalisi, kuba indlela entsha yenza ukuba kube lula ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka ekusebenzeni kwimveliso ukusuka kwiiyure ezine ukuya kwimizuzu emininzi - umyinge wamaxesha angama-98.
Sekunjalo, sasinamathandabuzo: ngaba esi sisigqibo esifanelekileyo okanye ngumbandela wokhetho lobuqu? Ukholo kwi-C # kunye ne-ORM enamandla onke yagungqiswa ngengozi ebonisa amandla apheleleyo ezisombululo ezilula.
Ityala lesibini
Iqela libhale umbuzo wokusebenza kunye nedatha ngaphakathi kwe-ORM paradigm, ehlanganiswe ngokwemigaqo yonke, ngaphandle kweempazamo. Ukusetyenzwa kwayo kuthathe imizuzu emi-2-3, kwaye ezi parameters zabonakala zamkelekile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa okungenye usebenzisa abakhethi abalula kunye neembono ezibonelela ngeziphumo ngokukhawuleza - kwimizuzwana emi-2.
Kuye kwacaca ukuba yayilixesha lokukhetha ingcali eya kungena kwisatifikethi kuyo yonke iprojekthi ukuze iqonde zonke iinuances kwaye ikhethe eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo. U-Alexey wawuthatha lo msebenzi.
Izatifikethi zokuqala
Ukuqonda eyona nto iphambili, uAlexey wadlula , egubungela yonke iteknoloji yeprojekthi:
- TS: Uphuhliso lweeNkqubo zeWindows ngeMicrosoft .NET Framework 4
- TS: Ukufikelela kwiDatha ngeMicrosoft .NET Framework 4 Programming kwiC#
- TS: Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 Windows Forms Application Development
- I-PRO: Ukuyila kunye nokuPhuhlisa ii-Windows Applications usebenzisa iMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5
- I-PRO: Ukuyila kunye nokuphuhlisa ii-Windows-based Applications ngokusebenzisa iMicrosoft .NET Framework
- TS: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 - Windows-based Client Development
Ukuzama ukwandisa umsebenzi kwiprojekthi entsha, iqela lafikelela kwizigqibo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuze iinkqubo zisebenze, kuyimfuneko ukulandela imigaqo yekhowudi yokubhala: kungekhona i-indentations kunye namazwana, kodwa iimpawu zobugcisa - inani leefowuni kwii-database, umthwalo kumncedisi, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
- Ukusebenzisa iingcamango eziphikisanayo kunokukhokelela enkathazweni. Ingqikelelo yogcino-lwazi isetiyori, ngelixa i-ORM iyingcinga yokusebenza.
- Iingcamango eziphazamisa ukucwangciswa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zinokuhlangabezana nokuchasana phakathi kweqela. Uphuhliso lukwamalunga nobudlelwane kunye nokukwazi ukuphikisa umbono wakho.
- Isatifikethi sandisa i-horizons yakho kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uqonde ukuba yintoni enokusetyenziswa kwaye yintoni engenakusetyenziswa.
Inyathelo lesiThathu: Funda Ngakumbi kuneKhowudi
Xa usebenza kwizisombululo ezinkulu ze-IT, izinto ezininzi zibalulekile. Ngokomzekelo, akuyena wonke umthuthukisi ohlawula ingqalelo kwiiparameters zenethiwekhi, kodwa nokuba i-bandwidth yayo inokuchaphazela isisombululo sengxaki yeshishini.
Ukuqonda oku kunikwe 98 series isatifikethi:
Bakuvumela ukuba ujonge ngokubanzi izinto kwaye uphume kwingqikelelo "yekhowudi kuphela". Ezi ziZisekelo, iziseko, kodwa zibalulekile ukuqonda yonke into kwinqanaba elinzulu.
Series 98 iziqinisekiso iimvavanyo ezimfutshane - imibuzo 30 imizuzu engama-45.
Inyathelo leSine: Ulawulo lweNkqubo
Ukusebenza neekliniki sisenzo esibaluleke ngakumbi kunokudala umdlalo ophathwayo. Apha awukwazi ukongeza into kwaye uyikhuphele imveliso - kubalulekile ukulandela inkqubo yokuvunywa kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso oluninzi kumthengi, kuba impilo yabantu kunye nobomi busesichengeni.
I-Agile eqhelekileyo ayizange ivelise iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo kule projekthi, kwaye i-sprint nganye yahlala ixesha elide. Phakathi kokuthunyelwa kwathatha ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kunyaka.
Ukongeza, bekungenzeki ngokobuchwepheshe ukuzisa iinkqubo zeekliniki ezilishumi ezinikezelweyo kwidinomineyitha enye.
Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwezi meko, abaphuhlisi babedinga uxanduva lomntu kunye nombono omkhulu weenkqubo - oku kuthetha ukugxila rhoqo kunye neziqinisekiso eziphezulu.
Xa ingcali igxininiswe kwinkqubo, ibona ngokucacileyo iziphumo, izizathu kunye nemiphumo, umfanekiso wonke. Oku kwangaxeshanye yinto eyongezelelweyo yokukhuthaza kunye nokuqonda, ukuphucula ukukwazi ukuxazulula iingxaki kunye neengxaki.
Ngesiseko esisebenza kakuhle, i-architecture eyakhiwe kakuhle kunye nekhowudi efanelekileyo, umntu omnye unokuthatha iinkqubo ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuphakamisa amajoni endalo yonke akwazi ukukhokela iprojekthi yedwa. Unxibelelwano kunye nokusebenza ngokubambisana kubalulekile.
Kwiqela, umphuhlisi ngamnye uyaqonda ukuba oogxa bakhe baxhomekeke kwizenzo zakhe. Ukugcina imizuzu emi-5 ngexesha lesigaba sophuhliso kuthetha ukuba mhlawumbi iiyure ezi-5 ezongezelelweyo zovavanyo. Ukuqonda oku, kubalulekile ukuseka unxibelelwano.
Kwiprojekthi yethu, uAlexey wafumana uncedo ekuqondeni iinkqubo :
- M_o_R iSatifikethi seSiseko kuLawulo loMngcipheko
- Isiseko se-Agile Scrum
- ISiseko soLawulo lweNkonzo ye-IT
- EXIN Business Information Management Foundation
- Isatifikethi se-PRINCE2 seSiseko kuLawulo lweProjekthi
- Uvavanyo lweSatifikethi sobuNjineli
- Microsoft Operations Framework Foundation
- IiProjekthi zeNkonzo ye-Agile
Iikhosi zathathwa kwi-edX eyanceda ukujonga inkqubo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga amanani kunye neprogram ebhityileyo kwaye kamva yatyhalelwa ukuba ifumane. isatifikethi somyili:
- Imveliso ebhityileyo
- Sigma ezintandathu: Hlalutya, Phucula, Lawula
- Sigma ezintandathu: Chaza kwaye ulinganise
Ngokomgaqo-siseko weSix Sigma, ulawulo lwamanani luqinisekisa iziphumo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinokubakho okuphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuphakamisa inqanaba lakhe, umphuhlisi, njengomthetho, ufika kwizigqibo ezilandelayo:
- Musa ukusebenza nzima, kodwa sebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
- Sukubenza nzima ubomi bakho ngokuleqa ngaphandle: itekhnoloji entle ayizisombululi iingxaki ngcono.
- Yenza abahlobo kunye neengcali kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelo kwaye ufumane iintlungu zabo. Umakhi wezakhiwo kufuneka alawule iinkqubo: ukuchonga ingxaki, ukubeka ingxaki, ukuyila i-topology yenethiwekhi, uphuhliso, uvavanyo, inkxaso, ukusebenza.
- Jonga yonke into ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
- Kwenzeka ukuba iinkqubo ze-IT azihambelani neenkqubo zoshishino, kwaye oku kufuneka kujongwe.
Inyathelo lesihlanu: qonda uyilo ngokusebenzisa ilensi yeDatha enkulu
Ngexesha leprojekthi siye sajongana nogcino-lwazi olukhulu kakhulu. Ubuncinane kwabonakala kunjalo de kwaba ngumzuzu othile. Xa u-Alexey eqala ukufunda idatha enkulu kwi-edX, kwavela ukuba i-1,5 Tb kwiprojekthi yayiyi-database encinci. Izikali ezinzulu - ukusuka kwi-10 Tb, kunye nezinye iindlela ezifunekayo apho.
Inyathelo elilandelayo elibhekiselele kwisatifikethi yayiyikhosi kwidatha enkulu. Uncede ukuqonda umbutho wokuhamba kwedatha kunye nokukhawulezisa imisebenzi yokuvelisa. Kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwizixhobo ezincinci, umzekelo, qalisa ukusebenzisa i-Excel ukusombulula imisebenzi emincinci nganye.
Isatifikethi:
Inkqubo yobuNgcali kaMicrosoft: iSatifikethi esikhulu seDatha
Inyathelo lesithandathu: ukusuka kumphuhlisi ukuya kumyili wezakhiwo
Emva kokufumana zonke izatifikethi ezidwelisiweyo, ngoxa wayesengumthuthukisi, u-Alexey waqala ukuqonda ukuba ulwazi olufunyenweyo lwalunomgangatho ophezulu wokukhupha, kwaye oku kwakukude kubi.
Umbono omkhulu weenkqubo ukhokelela kwinqanaba lomakhi, elinye lawona manqanaba aphezulu esiqinisekiso.
Ukukhangela isatifikethi somyili, u-Alexey weza nguSundblad & Sundblad. Le yinkqubo evunyiweyo yiMicrosoft, uphuhliso lwayo lwaqala kwiminyaka eyi-14 eyadlulayo ngentsebenziswano yentloko yenkampani kunye neeofisi zaseSweden. Iquka i-.NET Framework, iimfuno zokuqokelela, ulawulo lokuqukuqela kolwazi, kunye nezinye izihloko ezininzi ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye ithathwa njengobungqina obunamandla kwizakhono zomakhi.
Kwakukho iikhosi zokufunda ngaphakathi kweprogram. Ukuqinisekiswa kolwazi olucwangcisiweyo kwaye kwasivumela ukuba singene kwisigaba esitsha sophuhliso - ukusuka kumphuhlisi ukuya kumyili wezakhiwo.
Ukuqulunqa
Njengoko u-Alexey ephawula, xa usebenza kunye nenkqubo ye-IT enkulu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba inkqubo ayiyona into yokuzonwabisa ebiza kakhulu, kodwa isixhobo sokusombulula iingxaki zoshishino. Xa ujongene nale nto okanye loo mngeni, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubhale ixabiso leshishini ukuze iprojekthi ingafiki ekupheleni.
Umyili wezakhiwo unombono okhethekileyo weprogram kunye nezinto zayo ezisisiseko:
- Ukudala kunye/okanye ukugcina ukuhamba kwedatha
- Ukutsalwa kokuhamba kolwazi kuhambo lwedatha
- Ukutsalwa kwexabiso lokuhamba kuhambo lolwazi
- Ixabiso lokuSasaza ukwenza imali
Ukuba ujonga iprojekthi ngamehlo omakhi, kufuneka uqale ukusuka ekugqibeleni: qulunqa ixabiso kwaye emva koko uye kuyo ngokuhamba kwedatha.
Umakhi ulandela imigaqo yophuhliso, enombono wehlabathi jikelele weprojekthi. Kuphantse ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufikelela kuyo ngokuziqhelanisa kunye neempazamo zakho-okanye kunoko, kunokwenzeka, kodwa kuya kuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu. Isiqinisekiso sikuvumela ukuba wandise i-horizons yakho kwaye ujonge umxholo opheleleyo womba ngamnye, uqhelane namava amawaka eengcali kwaye uphuhlise isakhono sokusombulula iingxaki ezisebenzayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sisebenza kunye nenkqubo yezonyango echazwe ngasentla ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu kwaye siphumelele uphuculo olubonakalayo. Ngeli xesha, u-Alexey waphumelela iimviwo ezingaphezu kwama-20:
- TS: Uphuhliso lweeNkqubo zeWindows ngeMicrosoft .NET Framework 4
- TS: Ukufikelela kwiDatha ngeMicrosoft .NET Framework 4 Programming kwiC#
- TS: Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 Windows Forms Application Development
- I-PRO: Ukuyila kunye nokuPhuhlisa ii-Windows Applications usebenzisa iMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5
- I-PRO: Ukuyila kunye nokuphuhlisa ii-Windows-based Applications ngokusebenzisa iMicrosoft .NET Framework
- TS: Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 - Windows-based Client Development
- I-98-361: Iziseko zoPhuhliso lweSoftware
- I-98-364: Iisiseko zeDatha
- M_o_R iSatifikethi seSiseko kuLawulo loMngcipheko
- Isiseko se-Agile Scrum
- ISiseko soLawulo lweNkonzo ye-IT
- EXIN Business Information Management Foundation
- Isatifikethi se-PRINCE2 seSiseko kuLawulo lweProjekthi
- Uvavanyo lweSatifikethi sobuNjineli
- Microsoft Operations Framework Foundation
- IiProjekthi zeNkonzo ye-Agile
- Imveliso ebhityileyo
- Sigma ezintandathu: Hlalutya, Phucula, Lawula
- Sigma ezintandathu: Chaza kwaye ulinganise
- Inkqubo yobuNgcali kaMicrosoft: iSatifikethi esikhulu seDatha
- I-Software Architect eQinisekisiweyo-i-Microsoft Platform
Emva kokuba ephumelele zonke iimviwo, u-Alexey wenyuka ukusuka kumphuhlisi okhokelayo waya kumyili weprojekthi. Kwangaxeshanye, isiqinisekiso siye saba sisixhobo esinamandla sophuhliso lobuchwephesha kunye nokwakha isidima emehlweni omthengi.
"I-Certification Ram" yanceda ukufikelela kwiinkqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifuna ulawulo kunye nokucaciswa. Abathengi baseYurophu bezisombululo ze-IT, njengomthetho, baxabisa kakhulu iingcali eziqinisekisiweyo kwaye bakulungele ukunika inkululeko engakumbi yokwenza.
Enkosi ngosinaka kwakho! Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo kuwe.
umthombo: www.habr.com