Ukuqonda izifinyezo zesiLatini kunye namabinzana ngesiNgesi

Kunyaka onesiqingatha odlulileyo, ukufunda kusebenza malunga nobuthathaka I-Meltdown kunye ne-Specter, Ndazibona ndingawuqondi ncam umahluko phakathi kwezifinyezo ie и umz Ezo. Kubonakala kucace kumxholo, kodwa ke kubonakala ngathi ayilunganga ncam. Ngenxa yoko, ndiye ndazenzela iphepha elincinci lokukopela ngokukodwa kwezi zishunqulelo, ukuze ndingabhideki. Kwaye kwavela ingcamango yeli nqaku.

Ixesha lihambile, ndaqokelela iqoqo lamagama esiLatini kunye nezifinyezo ezifunyenwe kwimithombo yesiNgesi, kwaye namhlanje ndikulungele ukwabelana ngayo nabafundi beHabra. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uninzi lwala mabinzana asetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo kuncwadi lwezifundo ngesiRashiya, kodwa ngesiNgesi ziindwendwe ezihlala rhoqo nakwimithombo yobuninzi. Ndiyathemba ukuba le ngqokelela iya kuba luncedo kubantu abangabandakanyekanga kumsebenzi wesayensi kwindawo yokuthetha isiRashiya, kodwa abahlala bedibana nemibhalo engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi kwesiNgesi, apho ukufakwa kwesiLatini kunokudideka.

Izifinyezo eziqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana

njalo - et cetera, "njl." Ifundwa ngesiLatini - [ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə], kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izishunqulelo ezininzi, ihlala isetyenziswa kwintetho yomlomo. Unokufunda ukubiza amagama ngendlela ebalaseleyo Elenore ngu Turtles - ingoma ekuphela kwayo njalo kumbhalo obetha iitshathi.

♫Elenore, ndicinga ukuba udumbile
♫Inene undenza kakuhle
♫Uliqhayiya lam novuyo lwam, njalo

okqhubekayo. - et alii, “kunye nezinye”, zifundeka ngendlela ebhalwe ngayo [ɛtˈɑːl]/[ˌet ˈæl]. Phantse isoloko ibhekisa ebantwini (ukunciphisa uluhlu lwababhali kumzimba womsebenzi); kunqabile ukuba kubhekiselwe kwezinye iindawo kwisicatshulwa (lat. kunye ne-alibi) ngexesha lokuphonononga. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu lisetyenziselwa ukuthetha "njl." (lat. kunye nokunye).

Qaphela ukuba le milinganiselo ikhusela kuphela i-Meltdown, kwaye kungekhona iklasi ye-Specter attack echazwe ngu-Kocher okqhubekayo. [40].
Qaphela ukuba le milinganiselo ikhusela kuphela i-Meltdown kwaye ayisebenzi ngokuchasene nokuhlaselwa kweSpecter okuchazwe nguKocher et al [40].

ie - id yi, "ngengqiqo", "oko kukuthi". Funda nokuba sisishunqulelo IE ([ˌaɪˈiː]) okanye ngokulula nje yiyo i.

Ukuthintela ulandelelwano lwemiyalelo yethutyana ekubeni luqhubeke ngexabiso elingalunganga, ie, '0', i-Meltdown izama kwakhona ukufunda idilesi ide idibane nexabiso elahlukileyo ku-'0' (umgca wesi-6).
Ukuthintela ulandelelwano lwenguquko lwemiyalelo ekuqhubekeni nokuqhuba ngexabiso elingalunganga, i.e. ngo "0", iMeltdown izama ukufunda idilesi kwakhona ide ifumane ixabiso elingaphandle kuka "0" (umgca 6). (Apha, "ixabiso elingalunganga" lithetha kuphela kwaye kuphela "0", kwaye isahluko ngokwaso sibizwa ngokuba yi-Case ka-0 - "Ityala lika-Zero").

viz. - iilayisensi zevidiyo, "enjalo". Kwiimeko ezininzi ifundeka ngolu hlobo oko kukuthi okanye ukuqonda. Ukusuka ie yahluka kuloo nto ie - oku kucaciswa, kodwa viz. – isalathisi esisinyanzelo esibanzi sento (izinto) emva kokubhengezwa kobizo/uluhlu lwayo. Eminye imithombo ithi iphelelwe lixesha ie; Enyanisweni, kwimisebenzi yesiqingatha sesibini sekhulu lama-XNUMX viz. kwenzeka rhoqo ngakumbi kunezi zanamhlanje.

Kuba olu didi lutsha lohlaselo lubandakanya ukulinganisa amaxesha achanekileyo, njengenxalenye, ixesha elifutshane, ukunciphisa siyayivala okanye sinciphise ukuchaneka kwemithombo yamaxesha amaninzi kwiFirefox. Oku kuquka yomibini imithombo ecacileyo, njenge performance.now(), kunye nemithombo evumela ukwakhiwa kwezigqibo eziphezulu, viz.,SharedArrayBuffer.
Kuba olu didi lutsha lohlaselo lubandakanya umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wamathuba exesha, njengenxalenye yokusebenza siyayivala okanye sinciphise ukuchaneka kwemithombo yexesha elithile kwiFirefox. Ezi ziquka yomibini imithombo ecacileyo efana nokusebenza.ngoku() kunye nengathanga ngqo ekuvumela ukuba wenze izibambi-xesha ezinesoso esiphezulu, ezizezi, iSharedArrayBuffer.

umz - umzekelo gratia, "umzekelo", "ngokukodwa". Ufunda ngokuthanda umzekelo, iqhelekile njengesishunqulelo EG. Ngokungafaniyo nezifinyezo ezibini ezidlulileyo, isetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo njengomzekelo, kwaye ayiludwe lwawo onke amaxabiso.

I-Meltdown ayisebenzisi kakubi nayiphi na ingozi yesoftware, ie, isebenza kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza eziphambili. Endaweni yoko, iMeltdown ixhaphaza ulwazi lwetshaneli esecaleni ekhoyo kwiiprosesa zanamhlanje, umz, i-Intel microarchitectures yanamhlanje ukususela kwi-2010 kwaye inokwenzeka kwezinye ii-CPU zabanye abathengisi.
I-Meltdown ayisebenzisi nabuphi na ubuthathaka besoftware, okt. Isebenza kuzo zonke iinkqubo eziphambili zokusebenza. Endaweni yoko, isebenzisa ulwazi lwetshaneli esecaleni ekhoyo kwiiprosesa ezininzi zanamhlanje, ngakumbi i-Intel microarchitectures ukusuka ngo-2010 ukuya phambili kwaye mhlawumbi nabanye abavelisi beCPU.

NB - hayi kakuhle, "Phawula". Ibhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu.

vs., v. - Ukuqobisana, “nxamnye”, [ˈvɝː.səs]. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba igama elibolekiweyo ngesiLatin linentsingiselo eyahlukileyo - "ulwalathiso emva kokujika kabukhali." Izithandi zobulumko zamaxesha aphakathi zasebenzisa eli binzana ngokuchasene noDeus kwizakhiwo ezifana "noPetya waphanga uKorovans ubomi bakhe bonke, kwaye xa wabanjwa waza wagwetyelwa ukuxhonywa, wajika ngokukhawuleza. kuThixo».

c., cca., ca., circ. - malunga, "malunga" malunga nemihla. Ukubizwa [ˈsɝː.kə].

i-Ad hoc – “ekhethekileyo”, “imeko”, “yexeshana”, iguqulelwe ngokoqobo ngokuthi “kule nto”. Lithetha into elisombulula ingxaki ethile, emxinwa kakhulu kwaye ihlala ingxamisekile. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuthetha "umsimelelo".

Oku kuqwalaselwe kukhokelele ekwandeni kwezinto ezintsha zohlaselo lweSpecter kunye neMeltdown nangaphezulu i-Ad hoc ukhuseleko (umzekelo, i-microcode kunye ne-software patches).
Olu qwalaselo lukhokelele ekwandeni kwenani leenguqu ezintsha zohlaselo lweSpecter kunye ne-Meltdown kunye nezisombululo ezingaphezulu zokhuselo lwemeko (ingakumbi iinkqubo ze-microcommand kunye neepatches).

Ukuba awunayo i-capacitor yokuyisebenzisa njengendlela yokudlula, ungayishiya njenge i-Ad hoc isisombululo.
Ukuba awunayo i-decoupling capacitor, unokudlula ngaphandle kwayo njengento yokubambelela yethutyana.

i-ad lib – isifinyezo se ad adum, "ngentando", "impromptu". Ibonisa ukuzenzela, ukuphuculwa, ingcamango yequbuliso. Ukusuka i-Ad hoc unenkululeko engakumbi. Ezo. “Isinyusi sethu sagqabhuka, abasebenzi benkonzo kaxakeka bathembisa ukufika emva kweyure, kwafuneka sibiyele isakhiwo ngamabhakethi” - i-ad hoc. "Ndilibele ukuthenga ukhilimu omuncu wamadombolo, ndiye ndazama imayonesi" - ad lib.

Ndilibele iskripthi sam, ndiye ndathetha i-ad lib
Ndiwalibele amazwi engoma ndiye ndaphucula

[sic] - "ngoko kwimvelaphi." Kwimibhalo yezemfundo, lithetha upelo lwantlandlolo (ulwimi lwengingqi, oluphelelwe lixesha, impazamo yokuchwetheza, njl. njl.). Ngokunyuka kweintanethi zentlalo, iimpazamo kunye ne-typos kwii-tweets kunye nezinye izithuba ziye zasasazwa njengento ehlekisayo ("jonga, yintoni isidenge!").

Umongameli osandula ukunyulwa uDonald Trump wabeka umngcipheko wobudlelwane obunzima phakathi kwe-US kunye ne-China xa wayesiya ku-Twitter ngoMgqibelo etyhola i-China "ngesenzo esingenamongameli" sokubamba inkwili yase-US engalawulwayo kule veki.

Izifinyezo kwiimbekiselo zebhayibhilografi kunye nemibhalo esemazantsi

ibid., ib. - ibid, ibid (malunga nomthombo);
id. - idem, efanayo (malunga nombhali). Ngokwemithetho engqongqo ibid. ngokoqobo lithetha "kwindawo enye" ​​- kumthombo ofanayo kwiphepha elifanayo - kwaye ayithethi ingcaciso eyongezelelweyo, kodwa id. ibonisa enye indawo kumthombo ofanayo kwaye isoloko incediswa ngenombolo yephepha (okanye umgca). Enyanisweni, ababhali abaninzi basebenzisa kuphela ibid. kwaye uyinike ngokuzolileyo amaphepha amatsha.

op. inc. - isicatshulwa se-opere, "umsebenzi ochaziweyo." Ithatha indawo yesihloko senqaku okanye incwadi xa ibid. ayifaneleki ngenxa yokuba ezinye iimbekiselo zomsebenzi omnye zixutywe (umzekelo, kwimibhalo esemazantsi); ibhalwe emva kwefani yombhali:

cf. - bonisa - "cf.", "thelekisa". Ngokungafaniyo ukubona ibonisa imbono eyahlukileyo yenjongo enkulu (jonga umzekelo ongentla).

umgca - "yonke indawo". Isetyenziswe xa kungenakwenzeka ukubonisa iphepha elithile kumthombo ngenxa yokuba ingcamango / ulwazi olufunwayo lungena kulo lonke.

kunye seq. - kunye nokulandelelana - "nangaphezulu" malunga namaphepha kumthombo.

f. и ff. - I-invoyisi - enye inketho "kunye nangaphezulu" ibekwe ngokukhawuleza emva kwenombolo yephepha ngaphandle kwesithuba. Nye f. lithetha iphepha elinye, amabini ff. – inani elingenammiselo lamaphepha. ff. ithandwa kakhulu ngesiJamani kuba iyafana ne fortfolgende - "elandelayo".

Qaphela: kwisiNgesi sanamhlanje akukhuthazwa ukuba usebenzise et. seq. kwaye ff., kungcono ukubonisa ngokuthe ngqo uluhlu lwephepha.

Izishunqulelo azifane zisetyenziswe

inf. и sup. - infra, Supra -jonga ngezantsi kwaye ubone ngasentla, ngokulandelanayo.

indawo. cit. - loco citato -i-analog ibid.

sc. - scilicet - "oko kukuthi", i-analogue viz.

qv - ikhowudi yevidiyo - "bona", "jonga". Uhlala ekhomba enye indawo kumsebenzi ofanayo; kwifom yayo yeklasi izimele, kuba ucinga ukuba umfundi uya kusifumana ngokwakhe eso sahluko asifunayo. Kulwimi lwanamhlanje kukhethwa ukusetyenziswa ukubona enemiyalelo ethe ngqo malunga nento omawuyibukele.

sv - i-subverbo - ngokuqhelekileyo njengale <a href> phambi kwe-hypertext, ibonisa ungeniso oluthile lwesichazi-magama, elona gama lilandelayo ngokukhawuleza emva kwesishunqulelo.

Kwaye kancinci

QED - quod erat demonandum - "eyona nto kwakufuneka ingqinwe."

sl - sensu lato - "ngengqiqo ebanzi".

ss - Sensu stricto - "ngendlela engqongqo."

Isenzi - "ngokoqobo", "igama negama".

umthombo: www.habr.com