Ukukhutshwa kwe-kernel ye-Linux 6.0

Emva kweenyanga ezimbini zophuhliso, uLinus Torvalds ubonise ukukhutshwa kweLinux 6.0 kernel. Utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwinombolo yoguqulelo lwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle kwaye linyathelo elisemthethweni lokukhulula ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokuqokelela inani elikhulu lemiba kuthotho (uLinus waqhula ukuba isizathu sokutshintsha inombolo yesebe kwakunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba yena yayiphelelwa yiminwe neenzwane ukubala amanani enguqulelo) . Phakathi kwezona nguqu ziphawulekayo: inkxaso yobhalo lwe-asynchronous buffered kwi-XFS, umqhubi webhloko ye-ublk, ukwenziwa ngcono komcwangcisi wemisebenzi, indlela yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kwekernel, inkxaso ye-ARIA block cipher.

Izinto ezintsha eziphambili kwi-kernel 6.0:

• Inkqubo engaphantsi kweDisk, I/O kunye neeNkqubo zeFayile
  • Inkqubo yefayile ye-XFS yongeze inkxaso ye-asynchronous buffered ubhala kusetyenziswa io_uring mechanism. Iimvavanyo zentsebenzo eziqhutywe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ze-fio (i-1 thread, i-4kB ubungakanani bebhloko, imizuzwana engama-600, ukubhala ngokulandelelana) kubonisa ukwanda kwemisebenzi yegalelo / imveliso ngomzuzwana (IOPS) ukusuka kwi-77k ukuya kwi-209k, isantya sokudlulisa idatha ukusuka kwi-314MB / s ukuya kwi-854MB / s, kunye nokuhla kwe-latency ukusuka kwi-9600ns ukuya kwi-120ns (i-80 amaxesha).
  • Inkqubo yefayile ye-Btrfs isebenzisa inguqu yesibini yeprotocol yomyalelo "wokuthumela", ophumeza inkxaso yemetadata eyongezelelweyo, ukuthumela idatha kwiibhloko ezinkulu (ngaphezu kwe-64K) kunye nokudlulisa imilinganiselo kwifom ecinezelweyo. Ukusebenza kokufunda ngokuthe ngqo kuye kwandiswa kakhulu (ukuya kumaxesha ama-3) ngenxa yokufundwa ngaxeshanye ukuya kutsho kuma-256 amacandelo. Ukunciphisa ingxabano yokutshixa kunye nokukhawuleza ukujonga imethadatha ngokunciphisa imethadatha egciniweyo kwizinto ezihlehlisiwe.
  • Imisebenzi emitsha ye-ioctl EXT4_IOC_GETFSUUID kunye ne-EXT4_IC_SETFSUUID yongezwe kwisixokelelwano sefayile ye-ext4 ukubuyisela okanye ukuseta i-UUID egcinwe kwi-superblock.
  • Inkqubo yefayile yeF2FS inikezela ngemowudi yokusetyenziswa kwememori ephantsi, eyenza ukusebenza kakuhle kwizixhobo ezinomlinganiselo omncinci we-RAM kwaye ikuvumela ukuba unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwememori kwiindleko zokunciphisa ukusebenza.
  • Inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-NVMe drive ungqinisiso.
  • Umncedisi we-NFSv4 usebenzisa umda kwinani labaxhasi abasebenzayo, elibekwe njengabaxhasi be-1024 abasebenzayo kwi-gigabyte nganye ye-RAM kwinkqubo.
  • Ukuphunyezwa komxumi weCIFS kuye kwaphucula ukusebenza kwindlela yothumelo lwamajelo amaninzi.
  • Iflegi entsha FAN_MARK_IGNORE yongezwe kwindlela esezantsi yokulandela umkhondo kwi fanotify FS ukungahoyi imicimbi ethile.
  • Kwi-Overlayfs FS, xa inyuswe phezu kweFS ngemephu yeID yomsebenzisi, inkxaso echanekileyo yoluhlu lolawulo lofikelelo oluthobelayo lwePOSIX lunikiwe.
  • Yongeza umqhubi webhloko ye-ublk, ehambisa ingqiqo ethile kwicala lenkqubo yangasemva kwindawo yomsebenzisi kwaye isebenzisa i-io_uring subsystem.
• Iinkonzo zememori kunye nenkqubo
  • Iimpawu ezintsha zongezwa kwi-DAMON (i-Data Access MONitor) engaphantsi kwenkqubo, evumela ukuba ingagcini nje ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo yokufikelela kwi-RAM ukusuka kwindawo yomsebenzisi, kodwa kunye nokuchaphazela ulawulo lwememori. Ngokukodwa, imodyuli entsha "LRU_SORT" iye yacetywa, ebonelela ngokuhlanganisana kwakhona kwe-LRU (Okuncinci Kutshanje kuSetyenziselwe) uluhlu ukuze kwandiswe ukubaluleka kwamaphepha athile ememori.
  • Ikhono lokudala imimandla emitsha yeememori iphunyeziwe ngokusebenzisa amandla ebhasi ye-CXL (i-Compute Express Link), esetyenziselwa ukuququzelela i-high-speed interaction phakathi kwe-CPU kunye nezixhobo zememori. I-CXL ikuvumela ukuba udibanise imimandla emitsha yememori ebonelelwa ngamadivayisi ememori yangaphandle kwaye uwasebenzise njengezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zendawo yedilesi yendawo yokwandisa imemori yokufikelela okungahleliweyo (DDR) okanye imemori esisigxina (PMEM).
  • Imiba yokusebenza esonjululweyo kunye ne-AMD Zen processors ebangelwa yikhowudi eyongeziweyo kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo ukuze isebenze malunga nomba wehardware kwezinye iichipsets (umyalelo owongezelelekileyo we-WAIT wongezwa ukucothisa iprosesa ukuze i-chipset ibe nexesha lokungena kwimeko engasebenziyo). Utshintsho lubangele ukusebenza okucuthiweyo phantsi komthwalo wemisebenzi osoloko utshintshana phakathi kwamazwe angasebenziyo kunye naxakekileyo. Umzekelo, emva kokuvala i-workaround, i-avareji yovavanyo lwamanqaku e-tbench anyuke ukusuka kwi-32191 MB/s ukuya kwi-33805 MB/s.
  • Ikhowudi ene-heuristics isusiwe kumcwangcisi wemisebenzi, iqinisekisa ukufuduka kweenkqubo ukuya kwii-CPU ezinomthwalo omncinci, kuthathelwa ingqalelo inzuzo eqikelelweyo ekusebenziseni amandla. Abaphuhlisi bagqibe kwelokuba i-heuristic yayingeloncedo ngokwaneleyo kwaye kwakulula ukuyisusa kunye nokufuduka kweenkqubo ngaphandle kovavanyo olongezelelweyo nanini na xa loo mfuduko inokuba nesiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi (umzekelo, xa i-CPU ekujoliswe kuyo ikwinqanaba lamandla asezantsi). Ukukhubaza i-heuristics kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla xa kusenziwa imisebenzi enzulu, umzekelo, kwi-video decoding test, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwehle nge-5.6%.
  • Ukuhanjiswa kwemisebenzi kwii-CPU cores kwiisistim ezinkulu ziye zaphuculwa, eziye zaphucula ukusebenza kweentlobo ezithile zomsebenzi.
  • I-io_uring i-asynchronous I/O ujongano inika iflegi entsha, IORING_RECV_MULTISHOT, ekuvumela ukuba usebenzise imowudi yokudubula kaninzi nge recv () umnxeba wenkqubo ukwenza imisebenzi yokufunda emininzi kwisokethi yenethiwekhi enye ngaxeshanye. I-io_uring ikwaxhasa ugqithiso lwenethiwekhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuphakathi (zero-copy).
  • Iphunyezwe isakhono sokubeka iinkqubo ze-BPF ezincanyathiselwe kwi-uprobe kwindawo yokulala. I-BPF yongeza kwakhona i-ksym entsha yokuphinda isebenze kunye neetafile zesimboli ze-kernel.
  • I-interface ye-"fivars" ephelelwe lixesha kwii-sysfs, ejoliswe ukufikelela kwi-UEFI boot variables, isusiwe (i-efivarfs virtual FS ngoku isetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwidatha ye-EFI).
  • I-perf utility ineengxelo ezintsha zokuhlalutya iingxabano zokutshixa kunye nexesha elichithwe yiprosesa eqhuba amacandelo e-kernel.
  • I-CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE_O3 isethingi isusiwe, eyavumela i-kernel ukuba yakhiwe kwi-"-O3" indlela yokuphucula. Kuqatshelwe ukuba imifuniselo eneendlela zokulungiselela inokuqhutywa ngokugqithisa iiflegi ngexesha lokuhlanganisa (“yenza i-KCFLAGS=-O3”), kwaye ukongeza isicwangciso kwi-Kconfig kufuna iprofayili yokusebenza ephindaphindwayo, ebonisa ukuba ukuvulwa kwe-loop kusetyenziswa kwimo ye-“-O3” kunika. inzuzo xa kuthelekiswa nenqanaba lokuphucula "-O2".
  • I-interface ye-debugfs yongezwe ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokusebenza komntu ngamnye "we-memory shrinkers" (abaphathi ababizwa xa kukho imemori enganeleyo kunye nokupakisha izakhiwo zedatha ye-kernel ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwememori).
  • Kwizakhiwo ze-OpenRISC kunye ne-LoongArch, inkxaso yebhasi ye-PCI iphunyeziwe.
  • Kwi-architecture ye-RISC-V, isandiso se-"Zicbom" siphunyeziwe ukulawula izixhobo kunye ne-DMA engekho cache-coherent.
• Ukwenziwa kweVirtual kunye noKhuseleko
  • Indlela yokuqinisekisa ye-RV (Ixesha loQinisekiso) yongezwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kwiisistim ezithembeke kakhulu eziqinisekisa ukuba akukho kusilela. Uqinisekiso lwenziwa ngexesha lokuqhuba ngokuqhoboshela izibambi kumanqaku okulandelela ajonga eyona nkqubela-phambili yophumezo ngokuchasene nemodeli emiselwe kwangaphambili yereferensi yomatshini echaza indlela yokuziphatha elindelekileyo yesistim. Ukuqinisekiswa ngemodeli ngexesha lokuqhuba kubekwe njengendlela elula kunye nelula ukuyisebenzisa yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuphunyezwa kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo, ukuncedisa iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweklasiki. Phakathi kweenzuzo zeRV kukukwazi ukubonelela ngokuqinisekiswa okungqongqo ngaphandle kokuphunyezwa okwahlukileyo kwenkqubo yonke ngolwimi lomzekelo, kunye nokuphendula okuguquguqukayo kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga.
  • Amacandelo e-kernel adityanisiweyo okulawula i-enclaves esekwe kwitekhnoloji ye-Intel SGX2 (i-Software Guard eXtensions), evumela izicelo ukuba zenze ikhowudi kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo zememori, apho yonke inkqubo inokufikelela okulinganiselweyo. Itekhnoloji ye-Intel SGX2 ixhaswa kwi-Intel Ice Lake kunye neetshiphusi ze-Gemini Lake, kwaye iyahluka kwi-Intel SGX1 kwimiyalelo eyongezelelweyo yolawulo lwenkumbulo eguqukayo yeenclaves.
  • Kwi-architecture ye-x86, ukukwazi ukudlulisa imbewu kwi-pseudorandom ye-generator inombolo ngokusebenzisa izicwangciso ze-bootloader ziphunyeziwe.
  • Imodyuli ye-SafeSetID ye-LSM ngoku inamandla okulawula utshintsho olwenziwe ngama-setgroups() umnxeba. I-SafeSetID ivumela iinkonzo zenkqubo ukuba zilawule ngokukhuselekileyo abasebenzisi ngaphandle kwamalungelo akhulayo (CAP_SETUID) kwaye ngaphandle kokufumana amalungelo engcambu.
  • Inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-ARIA block cipher.
  • Imodyuli yolawulo lokhuseleko olusekwe kwi-BPF ibonelela ngesakhono sokuqhoboshela abaphathi kwiinkqubo zomntu ngamnye kunye namaqela enkqubo (amaqela).
  • Indlela yokuphunyezwa kwe-watchdog yongezwe ukuze kubonwe ukuxhonywa kweenkqubo zeendwendwe ezisekelwe esweni umsebenzi we-vCPU.
• Inkqubo engaphantsi yothungelwano
  • Iziphatho zokuvelisa kunye nokujonga iikuki zeSYN zongezwe kwi-subsystem ye-BPF. Kwakhona kudityaniswe uluhlu lwemisebenzi (kfunc) yokufikelela kunye nokutshintsha imeko yoqhagamshelwano.
  • Isitaki esingenazingcingo songeze inkxaso yeMLO (Multi-Link Operation) indlela, echazwe kwiWiFi 7 kwaye ivumela izixhobo ukuba ngaxeshanye zifumane kwaye zithumele idatha zisebenzisa iibhendi zamaza ohlukeneyo kunye namajelo, umzekelo, ukuseka ngaxeshanye amajelo onxibelelwano amaninzi phakathi indawo yofikelelo kwisixhobo somthengi.
  • Ukusebenza kwe-TLS protocol eyakhelwe kwi-kernel iphuculwe.
  • Yongeza i-kernel yomyalelo wokhetho ukhetho "igama lomninimzi = "ukuvumela igama lenginginya ukuba limiselwe kwangoko kwinkqubo yokuqalisa, phambi kokuba amalungu esithuba somsebenzisi aqaliswe.
• Izixhobo
  • Umqhubi we-i915 (Intel) unikezela ngenkxaso ye-Intel Arc (DG2 / Alchemist) i-A750 kunye ne-A770 amakhadi evidiyo ahlukeneyo. Ukuphunyezwa kokuqala kwenkxaso ye-Intel Ponte Vecchio (Xe-HPC) kunye ne-Meteor Lake GPUs kucetyiwe. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokuxhasa iqonga le-Intel Raptor Lake.
  • Umqhubi we-amdgpu uyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkxaso ye-AMD RDNA3 (RX 7000) kunye ne-CDNA (Instinct) yamaqonga.
  • Umqhubi weNouveau uphinde wasebenza kwakhona ikhowudi yenkxaso ye-NVIDIA nv50 GPU iinjini zokubonisa.
  • Kongezwe umqhubi omtsha we-logicvc DRM kwizikrini zeLogiCVC.
  • Umqhubi we-v3d (ye-Broadcom Video Core GPU) ixhasa iibhodi zeRaspberry Pi 4.
  • Inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-Qualcomm Adreno 619 GPU kumqhubi we-msm.
  • Inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-ARM Mali Valhall GPU kumqhubi wePanfrost.
  • Inkxaso yokuqala eyongeziweyo yeeprosesa zeQualcomm Snapdragon 8cx Gen3 ezisetyenziswa kwiilaptops zeLenovo ThinkPad X13s.
  • Abaqhubi besandi bongeziweyo be-AMD Raphael (i-Ryzen 7000), i-AMD Jadeite, i-Intel Meteor Lake kunye ne-platform ye-Mediatek MT8186.
  • Inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-Intel Habana Gaudi 2 i-accelerator yokufunda koomatshini.
  • Inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-ARM SoC Allwinner H616, NXP i.MX93, Sunplus SP7021, Nuvoton NPCM8XX, Marvell Prestera 98DX2530, Google Chameleon v3.

Kwangaxeshanye, iLatin American Free Software Foundation yenze inguqulelo ye-kernel yasimahla 6.0 - Linux-libre 6.0-gnu, ecinyiweyo kwizinto ze-firmware kunye nabaqhubi abaqulathe amacandelo obunini okanye amacandelo ekhowudi, umda wayo unqunyelwe yi. umenzi. Ukukhutshwa okutsha kukhubaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-blobs kwi-CS35L41 HD-umqhubi we-audio kunye nomqhubi we-UCSI we-STM32G0 microcontrollers. Iifayile ze-DTS zeQualcomm kunye neMediaTek chips zicociwe. Ukukhubaza iiblobhu kumqhubi weMediaTek MT76 kuye kwaphinda kwasetyenziswa. Ikhowudi yokucoca i-blob ehlaziyiweyo kwi-AMDGPU, i-Adreno, i-Tegra VIC, i-Netronome NFP kunye ne-Habanalabs Gaudi2 abaqhubi kunye ne-subsystems. Yeka ukucoca umqhubi weVXGE, owasuswa kwi-kernel.

umthombo: opennet.ru