UGeoff Huston, injineli eyintloko yophando kwirejistra ye-intanethi ye-APNIC, uqikelele ukuba iidilesi ze-IPv4 ziya kuphelelwa ngo-2020. Kuluhlu olutsha lwemathiriyeli, siya kuhlaziya ulwazi malunga nendlela iidilesi eziye zacinywa ngayo, ngoobani ababenazo, kwaye kutheni oku kwenzeke.
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Kutheni siphelelwa ziidilesi?
Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubele phambili kwibali lendlela i-IPv4 pool "yomile," makhe sithethe kancinci ngezizathu. Kwi-1983, xa i-TCP / IP yaziswa, idilesi ye-32-bit yasetyenziswa. Ngelixa ukuba i-4,3 yeebhiliyoni zeedilesi zabantu abazibhiliyoni ezi-4,5 zanele. Kodwa ke abaphuhlisi abazange bathathele ingqalelo ukuba inani labantu beplanethi liza phantse kabini, kwaye i-Intanethi iya kusasazeka.
Kwangaxeshanye, ngeminyaka yoo-80s, imibutho emininzi yafumana iidilesi ezininzi kunokuba bezifuna ngokwenene. Uninzi lweenkampani zisasebenzisa iidilesi zoluntu kwiiseva ezisebenza ngokukodwa kuthungelwano lwasekhaya. Ukusasazeka kwetekhnoloji yeselula, i-Intanethi yezinto kunye ne-virtualization yongeza amafutha emlilweni. Iimpazamo ekuqikeleleni inani leenginginya kuthungelwano lwehlabathi kunye nokusasazwa kweedilesi ezingasebenziyo kubangele ukunqongophala kwe-IPv4.
Ziphele njani iidilesi
Ekuqaleni kwe-XNUMX, umlawuli we-APNIC uPaul Wilson ukuba iidilesi ze-IPv4 ziya kuphelelwa kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Ngokubanzi, uqikelelo lwakhe luye lwachaneka.
Unyaka we-2011: Njengoko uWilson waxela kwangaphambili, umbhalisi we-Intanethi we-APNIC (onoxanduva lommandla we-Asia-Pacific) wehla ukuya ekugqibeleni. . Umbutho wazisa umgaqo omtsha - ibhloko enye yeedilesi ze-1024 kumntu ngamnye. Abahlalutyi bathi ngaphandle kwalo mda, ibhloko ye-8 yayiza kuphelelwa yinyanga. Ngoku i-APNIC inenani elincinane leedilesi ezishiyekileyo.
Unyaka we-2012: Irejistra yaseYurophu ye-Intanethi i-RIPE ibhengeze ukuchithwa kwe-pool. Iphinde yaqala ukusasaza ibhloko yokugqibela/8. Umbutho walandela ukhokelo lwe-APNIC kwaye wazisa izithintelo ezingqongqo ekusasazeni i-IPv4. Ngo-2015, i-RIPE yayine-16 yezigidi zeedilesi zasimahla. Namhlanje eli nani lehle kakhulu - . Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngo-2012 . Abaqhubi be-telecom behlabathi baye bavula iprothokholi entsha yabanye abathengi babo. Phakathi kwezokuqala kwakukho i-AT & T, i-Comcast, i-Telecom yamahhala, i-Internode, i-XS4ALL, njl. Ngelo xesha, i-Cisco kunye ne-D-Link inikwe amandla i-IPv6 ngokungagqibekanga kwizicwangciso zeendlela zabo.
Izinto ezimbalwa ezitsha ezivela kwibhlog yethu kuHabrΓ©:
Unyaka we-2013: Geoff Haston evela APNIC kwi blog ukuba umbhalisi wase-US u-ARIN uya kuphelelwa ziidilesi ze-IPv4 kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2014. Ngexesha elifanayo, abameli be-ARIN ukuba baneebhloko ezimbini/8 ezishiyekileyo.
Unyaka we-2015: UKUJONGA umbhalisi wokuqala ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo ichibi leedilesi zasimahla ze-IPv4. Zonke iinkampani ezikulo mmandla zenze umgca kwaye zilindele umntu ukuba akhulule i-IP engasetyenziswanga.
Unyaka we-2017: Malunga nokuyeka ukukhutshwa kweedilesi kubhalisi we-LACNIC, ojongene namazwe aseLatin America. Ngoku Kuphela ezo nkampani zingazange ziwafumane ngaphambili zinokuvala. I-AFRINIC - ejongene nommandla waseAfrika - iphinde yazisa izithintelo ekukhutshweni kweedilesi. Injongo yabo ihlolwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye inani eliphezulu labo kumntu ngamnye lilinganiselwe.
Unyaka we-2019: Namhlanje, zonke iirejistra zinenani elincinci leedilesi ezisele. Amachibi agcinwa edada ngokubuyisela iidilesi ezingasetyenziswanga ngamaxesha athile. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-MIT I-14 yezigidi zeedilesi ze-IP. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo bagqibe ekubeni bathengisele iinkampani ezifuna uncedo.
Yintoni elandelayo
Kukholelwa ukuba iidilesi ze-IPv4 ngoFebruwari 2020. Emva koko, ababoneleli be-Intanethi, abavelisi bezixhobo zenethiwekhi kunye nezinye iinkampani β fudukela kwi-IPv6 okanye usebenze nayo .
I-Network Address Translation (NAT) ikuvumela ukuba uguqulele iidilesi ezininzi zasekuhlaleni kwidilesi enye yangaphandle. Elona nani liphezulu lamazibuko ngamawaka angama 65. Ngokwetiyori, kwamanani alinganayo eedilesi zasekuhlaleni zinokubekwa kwidilesi enye yoluntu (ukuba awuthatheli ngqalelo eminye imida yophunyezo lweNAT).
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Ababoneleli be-Intanethi banokuguqukela kwizisombululo ezikhethekileyo - iBanga labathwali be-NAT. Bakuvumela ukuba ulawule ngokuphakathi iidilesi zendawo kunye nezangaphandle zababhalisi kwaye unciphise inani leechweba ze-TCP kunye ne-UDP ezifumanekayo kubaxhasi. Ke, amazibuko asasazwa ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi phakathi kwabasebenzisi, kwaye kukho ukukhuselwa kuhlaselo lweDDoS.
Phakathi kwezinto ezingalunganga ze-NAT ziingxaki ezinokubakho ngodonga lomlilo. Zonke iiseshini zabasebenzisi zifikelela kwinethiwekhi ukusuka kwidilesi enye emhlophe. Kuvela ukuba umthengi omnye kuphela ngexesha anokusebenza kunye neziza ezibonelela ngokufikelela kwiinkonzo nge-IP. Ngaphezu koko, isibonelelo sinokucinga ukuba siphantsi kohlaselo lwe-DoS kwaye sikhanyele ukufikelela kubo bonke abathengi.
Enye indlela kwi-NAT kukutshintshela kwi-IPv6. Ezi dilesi ziya kuhlala ixesha elide, kunye nenani leenzuzo. Umzekelo, icandelo le-IPSec elakhelwe ngaphakathi elifihla iipakethi zedatha nganye.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku IPv6 kuphela yi-14,3% yeziza kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi komgaqo-nkqubo kuthintelwa zizinto ezininzi ezinxulumene neendleko zokufuduka, ukunqongophala kokuhambelana nomva, kunye nobunzima bobugcisa ekuphunyezweni.
Siza kuthetha ngale nto kwixesha elizayo.
Yintoni esibhala ngayo kwi-VAS Iingcali zeblogi yenkampani:
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