Kutshanje, kubafundi bakaHabr, ndiqhube okufutshane Iilwimi zokucwangcisa ezifana neRust, Dart, Erlang, ukufumanisa ukuba zinqabile kangakanani kwimarike ye-IT yaseRussia.
Ukuphendula kuphando lwam, amanye amagqabantshintshi kunye nemibuzo malunga nezinye iilwimi athululelwe kuyo. Ndigqibe kwelokuba ndiqokelele zonke izimvo zenu kwaye ndiqhube olunye uhlalutyo.
Olu phando lubandakanya iilwimi: Forth, Ceylon, Scala, Perl, Cobol, kunye nezinye iilwimi. Ngokubanzi, ndihlalutye iilwimi ezili-10 zokucwangcisa.
Ukwenza kube lula kuwe ukuba ufumane ulwazi, ndohlule iilwimi ngokwahlukileyo zibe ngamaqela amabini: kunqabile (akukho mfuno kunye nokubonelela okuphantsi) kwaye kuyaziwayo (ulwimi lufunwa kwimarike ye-IT yaseRashiya).
Uhlalutyo lwam, njengexesha lokugqibela, lusekelwe kwidatha ethathwe kwi-portal ye-Headhunter, kwi-intanethi ye-social network LinkedIn, kunye nezibalo zomntu kwi-arhente yam. Uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lweelwimi ezinqabileyo, ndasebenzisa inkonzo ye-Amazing Hiring.
Kwabo abangaziyo ukuba yintoni na ukuQeshwa okumangalisayo, ndiya kukuxelela. Le yinkonzo ekhethekileyo "ecalula" lonke ulwazi malunga neengcali ezivela kuyo yonke i-Intanethi. Ngoncedo lwayo, unokufumanisa ukuba zingaphi iingcali ezibonisa ulwimi oluthile kwizakhono zabo.
Ke, masiqale ngeelwimi ezidumileyo zokucwangcisa.
Iilwimi ezidumileyo
Verilog, VHDL
Ezi lwimi ziphambili zenkcazo yehardware zithandwa kakhulu kwimarike ye-IT yaseRussia. Iingcali ze-1870 zibonise kwi-Headhunter ukuba ziyayazi i-Verilog. Umbuzo we-VHDL ubuyisela i-1159 kwakhona. Iingcali ezingama-613 zibhala ngazo zombini iilwimi. Abaphuhlisi ababini baquka ulwazi lweVHDL/Verilog kwisihloko sokuphinda siqalise. Ngokwahlukileyo, iVerilog yaziwa njengeyona iphambili - abaphuhlisi abali-19, iVHDL - 23.
Kukho iinkampani ezingama-68 ezinikezela ngemisebenzi kubaphuhlisi abayaziyo iVHDL, kunye nezingama-85 zeVerilog.Kwezi, kukho izithuba ezingama-56 zizonke.Izithuba ezingama-74 zifakwe kwi-LinkedIn.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, iilwimi zithandwa phakathi kweengcali eziselula ezineminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwengama-30.
Ekubeni i-VHDL kunye neVerilog zihlala zihamba kunye, ndibonisa umlinganiselo oqikelelweyo wenani lokuphinda uqalise kwinani lezithuba zengqesho usebenzisa umzekelo wolwimi lweVHDL. Ukucaca, ndiphawule ngokwahlukeneyo abaphuhlisi ababonise ulwazi lwe-VHDL kwisihloko sokuqhubeka kwabo, esinokubonwa kumzobo:
Umfanekiso ubonisa umlinganiselo wenani lezithuba zengqesho kwinani lokuphinda kupapashwe. Abaphuhlisi benkcazo yehardware yeVHDL baboniswe ngombala obomvu.
Scala
Mhlawumbi olunye lwezona lwimi zidumileyo nezifunwayo kuluhlu. Ulwimi lwangena kuzo zonke iintlobo zokulinganisa . Ikwindawo ye-18 kuluhlu lwezona lwimi zidumileyo. Ikwayenye yeelwimi ezithandwayo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi beelwimi, bathatha indawo ye-12 kwirenki kwaye, ngaphezu koko, iStackoverflow ihlele iScala njengenye yezona lwimi zibiza kakhulu. Ulwimi lufumaneka ngokukhawuleza emva kolwimi lweprogram ye-Erlang, ithatha indawo ye-8. I-avareji yomvuzo wehlabathi kumphuhlisi we-Scala yi-$67000. Abaphuhlisi be-Scala bahlawulwa kakhulu e-USA.
Kwi-Headhunter, iingcali ze-166 zibandakanya ulwazi lwe-Scala kwisihloko sokuqhubeka kwabo. Iyonke i-1392 iphinda iqale yapapashwa kwi-Headhunter. Olu lwimi luthandwa kakhulu phakathi kweengcali eziselula. Ngokuqhelekileyo iScala iya ecaleni kweJava. Kukho i-2593 eqala kwakhona kwi-Linkedin, apho i-199 ingabaphuhlisi be-Scala.
Ukuba sithetha ngemfuno, yonke into ingaphezulu kokulungileyo apha. Kukho izithuba ezisebenzayo ezingama-515 kwi-Headhunter, apho ezingama-80 zine-Scala ezidweliswe kwisihloko sezithuba. Kukho iinkampani ezingama-36 ezikhangela abaphuhlisi be-Scala kwi-LinkedIn. Zizonke, iinkampani ezingama-283 zibonelela ngemisebenzi kubafana abayaziyo iScala.
Umfanekiso ubonisa umlinganiselo wenani lezithuba zengqesho kwinani lokuphinda kupapashwe. Abaphuhlisi be-Scala ngokwabo baboniswe ngobomvu.
Ukongeza kwinto yokuba abaphuhlisi be-Scala bafunwa kwimarike yaseRashiya, bafumana imivuzo ephezulu. Ngokwezibalo zearhente yam, abaphuhlisi beScala babiza kakhulu kunabaphuhlisi beJava. Okwangoku sijonge umphuhlisi weScala wenkampani yaseMoscow. Umvuzo oqhelekileyo onikezelwa ngabaqeshi ukuya kwiingcali zenqanaba eliphakathi + uqala ukusuka kwi-ruble eyi-250 lamawaka.
Perl
Eyona "ixhaphake" kuluhlu lwam lweelwimi ezinqabileyo yayiyiPerl. Ngaphezulu kwe-11000 yeengcali ze-IT zidwelise ulwazi lwePerl njengesakhono esiphambili, kwaye i-319 kubo iquka ulwazi lolwimi kwisihloko sokuqhubeka kwabo. Kwi-LinkedIn ndifumene iingcali ze-6585 eziyaziyo uPerl. Kukho izithuba ezisebenzayo ze-569 kwi-Headhunter, i-356 kwi-LinkedIn.
Bambalwa abaphuhlisi ababeka ulwazi lwePerl kwisihloko sokuqhubeka kwabo kunezithuba ezipapashiweyo. I-Perl ayilolwimi nje oludumileyo, ikwayenye yezona lwimi zifunwa kakhulu kwintengiso. Nantsi indlela izibalo ezijongeka ngayo:
Izibalo ibonisa ukuba iPerl yenye yezona lwimi zibiza kakhulu (umndilili wehlabathi yi-69 yeedola) kwaye yenye yezona zidumileyo kwihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwe-000% yabaphuhlisi bathetha iPerl.
Ngaphandle kokuxhaphaka okuphezulu kolwimi, abaphuhlisi bePerl banikezwa umsebenzi ngeeprojekthi ekudala zikhona kwimarike ye-IT. Kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, i-arhente yam ayizange ifumane isicelo sokufumana umphuhlisi wePerl weprojekthi entsha ye-IT okanye ukuqaliswa.
Amanani:
Ukuba sithelekisa imfuno yazo zonke iilwimi zeprogram ezidumileyo, sifumana into efana nale: olona lwimi ludumileyo phakathi kwezo zisetyenzisiweyo yiPerl. Kukho inani elipheleleyo le-925 imisebenzi enikezelwayo kwi-HeadHunter kunye ne-LinkedIn kwabo bamaziyo uPerl. U-Scala akakho kude emva kwePerl. Kukho unikezelo lwe-798 kwiiphothali.
Imizobo ebonisiweyo ibonisa inani lezithuba ezipapashiweyo zeelwimi zokuprograma: VHDL, Scala, Perl.
Iilwimi zokuprograma ezinqabileyo
Ibandla
Ulwimi lwenkqubo lwe-Forth luvele kwi-70s. Ngoku ayikho kwimfuno kwimarike yaseRashiya. Akukho zithuba kwi-Headhunter okanye kwi-LinkedIn. Iingcali ezili-166 kwi-Headhunter kunye ne-25 kwi-LinkedIn zibonise ubuchule babo bolwimi kwii-CV zabo.
Uninzi lwabafaki-zicelo luneminyaka engaphezu kwe-6 yamava omsebenzi. Iingcali ezinolwazi lwe-Forth zicela uluhlu olubanzi lwemivuzo ukusuka kwi-ruble eyi-20 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 lamawaka.
Cobol
Olunye lwezona lwimi zidala zokucwangcisa. Uninzi lwabaphuhlisi ngabameli beqela labadala (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50) abanamava omsebenzi achukumisayo. Oku kukwaqinisekisa ukalisho lwamva nje , ekhankanya ukuba uninzi lwabadwelisi abanamava babhala kwiCobol kunye nePerl.
Lilonke, ndifumene i-362 iphinda iqale kwi-Headhunter kunye ne-108 iqala kwakhona kwi-LinkedIn. Ulwazi lwe-Cobol lweengcali ze-13 lufakwe kwisihloko sokuqala. NjengoForth, okwangoku akukho misebenzi inikezelwayo kwabo bayaziyo iCobol. Kwakukho isithuba esinye kuphela kwi-LinkedIn kubaphuhlisi beCobol.
Rex
Iphuhliswe yi-IBM kwaye ifikelele incopho yokuduma kwayo emva kweminyaka yee-90s, iRexx namhlanje iye yaba yenye yeelwimi ezinqabileyo kuluhlu lwam.
Abaphuhlisi be-186 badwelise ulwazi lweRexx kwi-Headhunter yabo iqala kwakhona, kunye ne-114 kwi-LinkedIn. Nangona kunjalo, khange ndikwazi ukufumana izithuba zeRexx enolwazi nakweyiphi na indawo.
tcl
Kukho imfuno yolwimi, kodwa andizukuhlela ulwimi njengemfuno. Kukho izithuba ze-33 kwi-Headhunter kunye ne-11 kwi-LinkedIn. Umvuzo onikezelwa kubafana abanolwazi lwe "Tikl" awuphezulu kakhulu: ukusuka kwi-ruble eyi-65 ukuya kwi-150. Abaphuhlisi be-379 kwi-Headhunter kunye ne-465 kwi-Linkedin babonise ukuba bayalwazi ulwimi. Mnye kuphela umphuhlisi odwelise ubunini be-Tcl kwisihloko sokuqhubeka kwakhe.
Yile nto umlinganiselo wenani lezithuba kwinani lokuphinda uqalise okuqulathe isakhono se-Tcl ujongeka ngathi:
Clarion
Andikayiboni imisebenzi esebenzayo efuna ulwazi lweClarion. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isiphakamiso. Abantu abayi-162 babonise kwi-LinkedIn ukuba bayalwazi olu lwimi, kwaye kwi-Headhunter - iingcali ezingama-502, apho ezintathu zibandakanya isakhono kwisihloko sokuqhubeka kwabo. Ukuqeshwa okumangalisayo kufumene iingcali ezili-158 eziqheleneyo nolwimi lweClarion ngandlelβ ithile.
Ceylon
Iphuhliswe yiRed Hat ngo-2011. Ngokusekwe kwiJava. Ngenxa yoko igama lolwimi: isiqithi saseJava saziwa ngokuba ngumthengisi wekofu, kwaye isiqithi saseSri Lanka, esasaziwa ngokuba yiCeylon, ngumthengisi weti yehlabathi.
Ngokwenene ulwimi lunqabile. Akukho zithuba kwaye akukho ziqalelo. Sikwazile ukufumana i-resume enye kwi-Headhunter. Inkonzo yokuQeshwa okumangalisayo ibonelela kuphela ngeengcali ezingama-37 kulo lonke elaseRashiya.
Amanani:
Ukuba uthelekisa zonke iilwimi ezinqabileyo ngenani lokuphinda uqalise, ufumana izibalo ezinomdla: kwi-LinkedIn, ezona ngcali zininzi zibonise ulwazi lwe-Tcl, kwaye kwi-Headhunter, uClarion lolona lwimi ludumileyo kuluhlu. Olona lwimi luncinci ludumileyo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi yayiyiCobol.
Uhlalutyo lwam oluncinci lubonise ukuba iCeylon iye yaba lolona lwimi lunqabileyo ngokwenene; akukho mfuno okanye ukubonelela kwimarike ye-IT yaseRashiya. Iilwimi ezinqabileyo zikwabandakanya iForth, Cobol, Clarion, Rexx. I-Perl kunye ne-Scala yajika yaba ziilwimi ezidumileyo nezidumileyo. Banokususwa ngokukhuselekileyo kuluhlu lweelwimi ezinqabileyo zokucwangcisa.
umthombo: www.habr.com