Kwimizi-mveliso, ngaphezu kwe-60% yombane isetyenziswa yi-asynchronous electric drives - ekumpompeni, kwi-compressor, kwi-ventilation kunye nokunye ukufakela. Le yeyona ndlela ilula, kwaye ngoko ke inexabiso eliphantsi nolona hlobo oluthembekileyo lwenjini.
Inkqubo yetekhnoloji yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso ifuna utshintsho oluguquguqukayo kwisantya sokujikeleza kwazo naziphi na ii-activators. Ngombulelo kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji ye-elektroniki kunye nekhompyuter, kunye nomnqweno wokunciphisa ilahleko yombane, kuye kwavela izixhobo zokulawula uqoqosho lweemoto zombane zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha malunga nendlela yokuqinisekisa ulawulo olululo lokuqhuba kombane. Ukusebenza kwinkampani (iqela lenkampani ), ndiyabona ukuba abathengi bethu bahlawula ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi ekusebenzeni kwamandla
Uninzi lwamandla ombane asetyenziswa kukuvelisa kunye nezityalo zenkqubo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi womatshini. Ukuqhuba imizimba esebenzayo yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zobuchwepheshe, ii-motor zombane ezi-asynchronous ezine-squirrel-cage rotor zisetyenziswa kakhulu (kwixesha elizayo siza kuthetha ngolu hlobo lweemoto zombane). I-motor yombane ngokwayo, inkqubo yayo yokulawula kunye nesixhobo somatshini esihambisa intshukumo ukusuka kwi-motor shaft ukuya kwindlela yokuvelisa ifom ye-electric drive system.
Ubukho belahleko encinci yombane kwi-windings ngenxa yokulawulwa kwesantya sokujikeleza kwemoto, ukubakho kwesiqalo esigudileyo ngenxa yokunyuka okufanayo kwi-frequency kunye ne-voltage - ezi zizona zikhundla eziphambili zolawulo olusebenzayo lweemoto zombane.
Ngapha koko, ngaphambili bekukho kwaye kusekho iindlela zolawulo lwe-injini njenge:
- ulawulo lwamaza e-rheostatic ngokuzisa ukuchasana okongeziweyo okusebenzayo kwiisekethe ezijikelezayo zemoto, ngokulandelelana kokufutshane-kujikelezwe ngabafowunelwa;
- utshintsho kwi-voltage kwii-terminals ze-stator, ngelixa i-frequency ye-voltage enjalo ihleli kwaye ilingana ne-frequency ye-industrial network ye-AC;
- inyathelo lommiselo ngokutshintsha inani leeperi zepali zestator winding.
Kodwa ezi kunye nezinye iindlela zolawulo lokuphindaphinda zihamba kunye neyona nto iphambili - ilahleko enkulu yamandla ombane, kunye nommiselo wenyathelo, ngokwenkcazo, ayiyondlela eyaneleyo ebhetyebhetye.
Ngaba ilahleko ayinakuphepheka?
Makhe sihlale ngakumbi kwiilahleko zombane ezenzeka kwi-asynchronous motor motor.
Ukusebenza komqhubi wombane kubonakaliswa ngamanani ombane kunye noomatshini.
Imiyinge yombane ibandakanya:
- amandla ombane amakhulu,
- injini yangoku,
- umbane wemagnethi,
- amandla e-electromotive (EMF).
Awona manani oomatshini aphambili ngala:
- isantya sokujikeleza n (rpm),
- itorque ejikelezayo engu-M (Nβ’m) yenjini,
- amandla omatshini wemoto yombane P (W), egqitywe yimveliso ye-torque kunye nesantya sokujikeleza: P = (M β’ n) / (9,55).
Ukubonisa isantya sokunyakaza okujikelezayo, kunye ne-rotation frequency n, esinye isixa esaziwayo kwifiziksi sisetyenzisiweyo - i-angular velocity Ο, ebonakaliswa ngeeradians ngesekhondi (rad/s). Kukho olu nxulumano lulandelayo phakathi kwesantya se-angular Ο kunye nokujikeleza rhoqo n:
kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ifomyula ithatha imo:
Ukuxhomekeka kwe-injini ye-torque M kwisantya sokujikeleza kwe-rotor n yayo ibizwa ngokuba luphawu lomatshini wemoto yombane. Qaphela ukuba xa umatshini we-asynchronous usebenza, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-electromagnetic power ihanjiswa ukusuka kwi-stator ukuya kwi-rotor ngokusebenzisa i-gap yomoya usebenzisa i-electromagnetic field:
Inxalenye yale mandla idluliselwa kwi-rotor shaft ngendlela yamandla omatshini ngokwentetho (2), kwaye intsalela ikhululwa ngendlela yokulahlekelwa kwimichaso esebenzayo yazo zonke izigaba ezintathu zesekethe ye-rotor.
Ezi lahleko, ezibizwa ngokuba zombane, zilingana no:
Ngaloo ndlela, ilahleko zombane zichongwa ngesikwere sangoku esidlula kwii-windings.
Ubukhulu becala zichongwa ngumthwalo we-asynchronous motor. Zonke ezinye iintlobo zelahleko, ngaphandle kwezo zombane, zitshintsha kancinci ngomthwalo.
Ngoko ke, makhe siqwalasele indlela iilahleko zombane ze-asynchronous motor ezitshintsha ngayo xa isantya sokujikeleza silawulwa.
Ilahleko yombane ngokuthe ngqo kwi-rotor winding ye-motor yombane ikhutshwe ngendlela yokushisa ngaphakathi kumatshini kwaye ngoko imisela ukufudumeza kwayo. Ngokucacileyo, ilahleko enkulu yombane kwisekethe ye-rotor, isezantsi ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini, ukusebenza kwayo kuncinci.
Ukuqwalasela ukuba ilahleko ze-stator ziphantse zilinganiswe nokulahlekelwa kwe-rotor, umnqweno wokunciphisa ilahleko yombane kwi-rotor iyaqondakala ngakumbi. Loo ndlela yokulawula isantya se-injini inoqoqosho, apho ilahleko zombane kwi-rotor zincinci.
Ukususela kuhlalutyo lwamazwi alandelayo ukuba eyona ndlela yoqoqosho yokulawula iimoto kwisantya se-rotor kufuphi ne-synchronous.
Iidrive zefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo
Ufakelo olufana nee-variable-frequency drives (VFDs), ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-frequency converters (FCs) ). Ezi zicwangciso zikuvumela ukuba utshintshe i-frequency kunye ne-amplitude ye-voltage yesigaba sesithathu esinikezelwa kwimoto yombane, ngenxa yokuba utshintsho oluguquguqukayo kwiindlela zokusebenza zeendlela zokulawula lufezekiswa.
I-Voltage ephezulu eguquguqukayo yokuQhuba rhoqo
Uyilo lweVFD
Nantsi inkcazo emfutshane yeziguquli ezikhoyo zamaxesha.
Ngokwesakhiwo, umguquleli uqukethe iibhloko ezinxulumene nokusebenza: ibhloko ye-transformer input (ikhabhinethi ye-transformer); i-inverter yamanqanaba amaninzi (ikhabhinethi ye-inverter) kunye nenkqubo yokulawula kunye nokukhusela ngolwazi lokufaka ulwazi kunye neyunithi yokubonisa (ikhabhinethi yokulawula kunye nokukhusela).
Ikhabhinethi ye-transformer igalelo idlulisela amandla ukusuka kumbane wesigaba sesithathu ukuya kwi-multi-winding input transformer, ehambisa i-voltage encitshisiweyo kwi-inverter yamanqanaba amaninzi.
I-inverter ye-multilevel ineeseli ezidityanisiweyo - abaguquli. Inani leeseli lichongwa luyilo oluthile kunye nomenzi. Iseli nganye ixhotyiswe nge-rectifier kunye ne-DC link filter kunye ne-bridge voltage inverter usebenzisa ii-transistors ze-IGBT zanamhlanje (isango elifakwe kwi-bipolar transistor). Igalelo le-AC langoku lilungiswa kuqala kwaye emva koko liguqulelwe kwi-alternating current kunye ne-adjustable frequency kunye ne-voltage usebenzisa i-inverter yesimo esiqinileyo.
Imithombo yeziphumo zombane otshintshayo olawulwayo uqhagamshelwe kuthotho kwiikhonkco, zenza isigaba sombane. Ukwakhiwa kwesigaba sesithathu senkqubo yamandla ephuma kwi-asynchronous motor iqhutyelwa ngokudibanisa amakhonkco ngokwesekethe "STAR".
Inkqubo yokulawula ukukhuselwa ibekwe kwikhabhinethi yokulawula kunye nokukhusela kwaye imelwe yiyunithi ye-microprocessor enemisebenzi emininzi kunye nenkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamandla ukusuka kumthombo wamandla oguqulelayo, i-input input / output device kunye neesensonsi eziphambili zeendlela zokusebenza zombane zomguquleli.
Ukugcina amandla: ukubala kunye
Ngokusekwe kwidatha ebonelelwe yiMitsubishi Electric, siya kuvavanya amandla okugcina amandla xa sizisa iziguquli zamaxesha.
Okokuqala, makhe sibone ukuba amandla atshintsha njani phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula injini:
Ngoku makhe sinike umzekelo wokubala.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweemoto zombane: 96,5%;
Ukuphumelela okuguquguqukayo kokuqhuba: 97%;
Amandla eshaft yefeni ngevolumu yegama: 1100 kW;
Iimpawu zabalandeli: H=1,4 p.u. e Q=0;
Ixesha elipheleleyo lokusebenza ngonyaka: 8000 h.
Iimowudi zokusebenza zabalandeli ngokweshedyuli:
Kwigrafu sifumana le datha ilandelayo:
I-100% yokusetyenziswa komoya - i-20% yexesha lokusebenza ngonyaka;
I-70% yokusetyenziswa komoya - i-50% yexesha lokusebenza ngonyaka;
I-50% yokusetyenziswa komoya - i-30% yexesha lokusebenza ngonyaka.
Ukonga phakathi kokusebenza kumthwalo olinganisiweyo kunye nokusebenza ngokukwazi ukulawula isantya semoto (ukusebenza ngokubambisana neVFD) kuyalingana:
7 kWh/ngonyaka - 446 kWh/unyaka= 400 kWh/ngonyaka
Masithathele ingqalelo umrhumo wombane olingana ne-1 kWh / 5,5 ruble. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iindleko zithathwa ngokwenqanaba lokuqala lexabiso kunye nexabiso eliphakathi kwelinye lamashishini amashishini e-Primorsky Territory kwi-2019.
Masifumane ukonga ngokwemali:
3 kWh / ngonyaka * 600 rub / kWh = 000 rub / ngonyaka
Ukwenziwa kokuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ezinjalo kuvumela, kuthathelwe ingqalelo iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokulungiswa, kunye neendleko zabaguquleli bama-frequency ngokwabo, ukuphumeza ixesha lokubuyisela iminyaka emi-3.
Njengoko amanani ebonisa, akukho mathandabuzo malunga nokuba nokwenzeka kwezoqoqosho ukwazisa ii-VFDs. Nangona kunjalo, umphumo wokuphunyezwa kwawo awuphelelanga kuqoqosho kuphela. Ii-VFDs ziqala kakuhle injini, zinciphisa kakhulu ukunxiba kwayo, kodwa ndiza kuthetha ngale nto kwixesha elizayo.
umthombo: www.habr.com