Peterkin S.V., [imeyile ikhuselwe]
Intshayelelo
Umsebenzi wokucwangcisa nokulawula imveliso yenye yezona ngxaki "ezitshisayo" kunye "nezingaqondakaliyo" kumashishini asekhaya okwangoku. Imizekelo eyodwa eyimpumelelo yezicelo ze-IT ngendlela yeenkqubo ze-ERP, kunye ne-MRP-II yakudala okanye egqibeleleyo, kodwa "i-nervous" APS algorithms, thetha kunokuba "nxamnye" kunokuba "ngenxa" yabo; "Ukuveliswa kwemveliso", ephunyezwa kwilizwe lethu ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa kwinqanaba le-5C, ukubonwa, i-kaizen, njl., Kwakhona ayiniki amashishini nasiphi na isixhobo sokwenyani sokucwangcisa nokulawula imveliso.
Ngezantsi inkcazo yokucwangcisa kunye nenkqubo yokulawula imveliso, eyona nto idume kakhulu kwixesha leSoviet - iRodov System, kunye nokuvuselelwa kwayo, ukwenzela ukuxazulula iingxaki zemveliso yangoku.
I-Novocherkassk Continuous Production Planning System, ebizwa ngokuba yiRodov System, yenziwa kwi-60 yekhulu lokugqibela. Kwaye, emva kwexesha elifutshane, yamkelwa ngokuzithandela ngobuninzi bezona zinto zifunwa kakhulu kwaye zilondoloza ulawulo lukawonkewonke - abalawuli kunye nabaphathi bemveliso, abacwangcisi, abathumeli, abaphathi beevenkile (ukuthelekisa, bathathe "ukwamkelwa" okuxhaphakileyo kweenkqubo ze-ERP kwi-ERP. ixesha langoku ...).
Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokulula kakhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ekuxazululeni imisebenzi ephambili yokuvelisa: imveliso "ngexesha nje", "ngobuninzi"; ngokwesingqisho; ngexabiso elincinci; ukuqinisekisa ubuninzi obucacileyo bento eyenzekayo. Ukuthandwa kunye nokuxhaphaka kwenkqubo kwakukhulu kangangokuba kwanangoku "amaqhekeza" enkqubo, ngenxa yokungabikho kweendlela ezingcono, zisasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuveliswa kwezityalo ezininzi. Kodwa, ndiyaqaphela, kungekhona "amaqhekeza" angcono kwaye, ngaphandle kwempembelelo eninzi.
Nangona kunjalo, iRodov System, ubuncinane izinto zayo eziphambili, ziyakwazi kwaye zifanele zisetyenziswe kwiimeko zanamhlanje. Kuxoxwa njani ngezantsi. Ngenkcazo yeNkqubo yeRodov ngokwayo, amacandelo ayo, iingenelo kunye nokunciphisa, kunye nokuvuselelwa kwayo usebenzisa i-IT kunye nobuchwepheshe bolawulo lwanamhlanje, kubandakanywa. Lean, T.O.C.
Inkqubo yeRodov
1. Ukuqulunqwa kwemveliso. Ukuqulunqwa kwe "generalized" okanye imveliso enemiqathango, eyindibaniselwano yazo zonke iimveliso ezenziwe sisityalo. Ngokomzekelo wesityalo saseNovocherkassk, apho inkqubo yadalwa khona, i-locomotive yombane yathathwa njengemveliso "jikelele", zonke ezinokwenzeka zongezwa ekubunjweni okufanayo kwemveliso, kwi-horizon yokucwangcisa ukuguqulwa kwayo, iindawo ezisecaleni, iiyunithi kunye neemveliso ezenziwe ngokwezicwangciso zabo zongezwa ngokubambisana nezinye izityalo, kunye ne-TNP. Kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, iiseti zemihla ngemihla zathathwa njengemveliso enemiqathango.
Inkcazo. Imveliso enemiqathango ayikho enye into ecetywayo okanye into yexesha elizayo yeenkqubo ze-ERP zanamhlanje.
2. Isicwangciso sokukhulula imveliso enemiqathango - ishedyuli yemveliso. Yayilungiselelwa ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo (ngexesha lokudalwa kwenkqubo - ngonyaka, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintsho lwekota), kwaye ipapashwe ngohlobo loomatshini beemeko, kunye neenombolo zabo ze-serial ukususela ekuqaleni unyaka okanye ukususela ekuqaleni kwemveliso, kunye nemihla enxulumene nemveliso nganye - bona ngezantsi. ngezantsi.
3. Ukucwangcisa. Ishedyuli yomjikelo wemveliso enemiqathango iqhelekile ukuya kumhla wokuqala wokuhlanganisa:
a. I-coefficient yolwabiwo lweworkshop nganye yayineyayo (kuxhomekeke kwixesha lokukhokela) kwaye yayi "umsebenzi osemva" ngokweenkcukacha.
b. Ukuthabatha ukusilela kwi-WIP yonke yomatshini, ivenkile ifumene, kwindawo nganye, inani lemveliso enemiqathango, ivaliwe (ipakishwe).
c. Injongo yocweyo kukusebenza ngesigqi esinikiweyo, oko kukuthi. ukukhutshwa kwenxalenye yemveliso enemiqathango enenani elidityanisiweyo namhlanje.
Ke ngoko, kuqikelelwa iyunifomu kunye nemveliso eqhubekayo yonyaka yeemveliso ezithile ezinemiqathango, iworkshop nganye ifumene njengesicwangciso sokuvelisa isicwangciso sokwenziwa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, ezichazwe kwiimveliso ezinemiqathango. Kwiifektri ezisazama ukwenza iRodov System, yabizwa, kwaye ibizwa ngokwahlukileyo: "i-akhawunti ye-serial", "uchungechunge", "izixhobo zeemoto", njl.
Inkcazo
Makhe sihlale kwi "backlog" kwiinkcukacha ezincinci, kuba. mhlawumbi akusekho ngcamango ibonwa ngokungafanelekanga kwithiyori yemveliso yaseRashiya kunye nokusebenza - icala elingasemva lokuthandwa kwenkqubo yeRodov. "I-backlog", kwingcamango kaRodov, yinqanaba lomsebenzi oqhubekayo, okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, echazwe ngokwemiqathango yobuninzi, ixesha elikhokelayo apho i-workshop nganye kufuneka iqalise iinxalenye zokugqitywa kwexesha lendibano. Kodwa le ntsingiselo "ingcwele" ngoku ilahlekile. "Ugcino" lwabasebenzi bemveliso luhlobo oluthile, oludla ngokuthathwa kwisilingi, okanye, lubi nakakhulu, lubalwe ngokwendlela yeRodov ngokuthatha isicwangciso sokuvelisa esiqhubekayo nesizinzileyo, inqanaba lesitokhwe kwiindibano zocweyo zabathengi ukuba le yokugqibela ifuna ukuqhubeka. umsebenzi. Ewe, kunjalo, kuba imveliso eqhubekayo kunye nesingqisho! Ukungazalisekisi isicwangciso / umyalelo / imiyalelo ngexesha, oko kukuthi, ukuze ivenkile yabathengi inento yokwenza, oko kukuthi. musani ukuma ningenzi nto. "Phula" ngokubi kakhulu! Kodwa "uchukumise", njengoko uRodov wayecinga, akukho nto ngaphezu kwenani lamakhadi kanban ajikelezayo, i.e. Tsala! Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngezantsi.
4. Qalisa. Kwindibano nganye yeendibano (kunye namacandelo angaphezulu) kumagama eenxalenye zayo, "Isalathiso sekhadi lomlinganiselo».
"I-card index of proportionality" yayiyikhabhinethi equkethe iishelufu ezintathu (ishelufu nganye - inyanga) kunye neeseli, ngokwenani leentsuku ngenyanga. Ngaphezulu "kwenyanga" nganye kukho iintsuku zekhalenda zenyanga kunye nesicwangciso esidityaniswe nabo kwiimveliso ezinemiqathango. Kwiseli nganye kukho amakhadi amacandelo aveliswa yiworkshop. Ikhadi ngalinye lenxalenye lifakwe kwiseli ehambelana nenani eliphezulu lomatshini oxhotyiswe ngale nxalenye. Xa ibhetshi entsha yamacandelo iveliswa, uphawu lwenziwe ekhadini kwaye lutshintshelwe ngasekunene, kwiseli kunye nenani lomatshini apho ibhetshi entsha yale nxalenye ibonelela ngeseti epheleleyo.
"Ifayile yekhadi elilinganayo" kwinkqubo kaRodov iyona nto iphambili, ilula kakhulu kwaye ibonwayo ye-intershop synchronization, ulawulo lwevenkile kunye nokubonwa. Ngokwembono ehambelana nebhodi yolawulo kanban (qaphela ukuba inkqubo yeToyota yayisanda kuzalwa ngoko):
- umakisha wemihla ngemihla "namhlanje" utshintshela ekunene;
- ikhadi (kanban) kufuphi "namhlanje" - lixesha lokuqalisa (i-kanban idluliselwa kwimveliso), ikhadi ngakwesobunxele "namhlanje" - ukuqaliswa kuthungwe.
Inkcazo. Iingcamango zekhabhinethi yeefayile ezilinganayo zifana neengcamango zeebhodi ze-kanban ezibonakalayo:
I-1) ikhadi leenkcukacha - kukho i-kanban ejikelezayo, kunye nokwahlukana ukuba abazange badluliselwe kwimveliso, ulwazi kuphela ludluliselwe ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuqalisa ukuveliswa;
2) inani le-kanban ejikelezayo - kukho "i-backlog" kwinkqubo yeRodov. Okanye - inqanaba le-WIP (elingekho ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye lingalingani!) Kodwa kuxhomekeke kuphela kwimfuno yangaphandle (ngelo xesha, imfuno yayilingana nesicwangciso sonyaka) kunye nexesha eliphambili lokuveliswa kwenxalenye ethile.
5. Umbutho wemveliso. Ulwazi malunga namakhadi (malunga neenkcukacha) kufutshane "namhlanje" lwathunyelwa kwiinkosi zamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ukuqaliswa kweengxenye ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo, ukuhanjiswa kwemisebenzi phakathi kwabasebenzi, kwenziwa ngokufanayo kwisiqendu sangaphambili.
a. Kwafakelwa iilokha kwicandelo ngalinye, indawo nganye yokusebenzela ezilishumi (abadlali abali-10). Indawo nganye yokusebenzela (umsebenzi ngamnye) kwilokha ihambelana neshelufu enenani leeseli ezilingana nenani leentsuku zokusebenza enyangeni. Ngaphezulu kweseli nganye, isicwangciso sokuvelisa siqhotyoshelwe, sibonakaliswe kwiimveliso ezinemiqathango kwaye siboshwe kwimihla (kwiiseli). Iseli nganye equlathe amakhadi iinkcukacha-imisebenzi encanyathiselwe kwindawo ethile yokusebenza. Umgaqo wokuhambisa iinkcukacha-amakhadi okusebenza afana nomgaqo wokubeka amakhadi eenkcukacha kwisalathiso sekhadi levenkile.
b. Umsebenzi ngamnye ngorhatya wayesondela kwishelufu yakhe, (eyedwa!) azihlanganisele umsebenzi wosuku olulandelayo ukusuka kumakhadi akufutshane nelithi “namhlanje” aze awunike umphathi. Umsebenzi wenkosi wawukuxhobisa indawo yokusebenzela kunye nayo yonke into efunekayo ekuveliseni umsebenzi: izinto, izixhobo, izixhobo, imizobo.
Inkcazo
1. Ibhodi efanayo ye-kanban ebonakalayo kwinqanaba lesayithi, kunye "nokutsalwa" ngokuthe ngqo ngabasebenzi.
2. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iskim esinjalo sinokusetyenziswa emva kokulungelelanisa amandla kunye nokwabela ngokungqongqo iinkcukacha-iimisebenzi (iindlela) kwiindawo zokusebenza. Enye into ehambelana ne-TPS...
6. Accounting. Inkqubo yogcino-zincwadi ibibandakanya ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nokugqitywa kweenxalenye zemisebenzi, ukuhanjiswa kwamacandelo ukusuka kwindibano yocweyo ukuya kwindibano yocweyo kunye nokufaka le ngcaciso ngesandla kumakhadi ocwangciso-mali ukwenzela iinkcukacha-zokusebenza kunye namacandelo. Ngelo xesha, ulwazi oluphambili olugcinwe kumakhadi alukho ulwazi malunga nezitokisi, kodwa ulwazi malunga nenombolo ye-serial yento elandelayo evaliweyo enemiqathango. Ngokubanzi, iinkqubo ze-accounting "yayiqhelekile", malunga nokuphunyezwa kwiinkqubo ze-IT zanamhlanje. Kodwa ezi nkqubo "ziqhelekileyo" zaphuhliswa ngo-1961!
7. Ukubeka iliso ngokubanzi umsebenzi weevenkile eziphambili zemveliso wenziwa kusetyenziswa uhlobo olubonakalayo olulula nolunengqiqo, “Igrafu elinganiselayo". Injongo yalo ephambili kukubonisa indlela i-synchronously iiworkshops zemveliso ephambili kunye namasebe "ancedisayo" asebenza ngokumalunga nesigqi seevenkile zendibano. Ivenkile nganye kufuneka izabalazele imveliso nje-Ngexesha, i.e. umgca ongwevu weworkshop nganye, okanye iimveliso ezinemiqathango ezivalwe yiyo, kufuneka ziphumle ngokuchasene “namhlanje”. Ngexesha elifanayo, imveliso yokugqibela engavaliweyo yimveliso engaxhotyiswanga kunye neworkshop ubuncinane inxalenye enye. Umsebenzi ongekenziwa weyunithi nganye ukususela “namhlanje” uqikelelwa kwimiba yemihla ngemihla yokusilela - fig. ngezantsi.
Ithathwe kwi "Plan-Flow-Rhythm", A. Rodov, D. Krutyansky. Indlu yokuPapasha incwadi yaseRostov, ngo-1964.
Iigrafu ezifanayo zenzelwe icandelo ngalinye.
8. Into yokugqibela ebalulekileyo yeSistim lutshintsho umvuzo kunye nenkuthazo yokuvelisa i-synchronous kunye neshedyuli yendibano. Utshintsho lulula, kodwa lubalulekile: itotali yomvuzo kamasifundisane iyancipha ngokomlinganiselo weentsuku ezisemva kweshedyuli. Umzekelo: 1 usuku ngasemva - 1% yehla. Ngaphezulu - i-payroll yamacandelo asemva kweshedyuli iyancitshiswa, emva koko - i-payroll yekontraki ethile. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kolu tshintsho yayikukuba lula kunye nokubonwa kwayo - zombini ezobunjineli kunye nabasebenzi bezobugcisa kunye nabasebenzi bemveliso bevenkile babenokubona nangaluphi na usuku ukuba balahlekelwe yimalini emvuzweni.
Ukutshona kwelanga kwiNkqubo yeRodov
Inkqubo yeRodov, okanye iNkqubo yeNovocherkassk yoCwangciso oluqhubekayo lokuSebenza, ngokukhawuleza yasasazeka kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union - ngokweengxelo ezithile, ubuncinci be-1500 yamashishini ayisebenzisayo.Ukuthelekisa, thatha iifektri zethu ngoku usebenzisa i-MRP-II okanye imigaqo yolawulo lwemveliso ye-TPS yokucwangcisa imveliso kunye nokulawula!) Kwaye oku akumangalisi, kuba. Inkqubo yeRodov yenziwe ngokuqwalasela izinto ezikhethekileyo zolawulo lweefektri zethu kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo zemfuno yangaphandle. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngexesha apho i-TPS yayiqala ukuphuhlisa, kwaye kwakunzima ukucinga malunga neenkqubo ze-ERP, uRodov wafikelela ngokuzimeleyo kwimigaqo yokucwangcisa i-Lean engcono kakhulu kwaye yakha (ngaphandle kwekhompyutha!) Ingcamango "echanekileyo" yokubalwa kwemali I-ERP yangoku. Ewe, uRodov akazange alwe ngenjongo yokulwa nabangenamsebenzi, kodwa apho kukho "idiphozithi" ezinjalo ezingenamsebenzi, njengakucwangciso lwexesha kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso? "Iidiphozithi" ¸ ezingakhange ziphulukane nokubaluleka kwazo nangoku.
Kodwa, iNkqubo yeRodov, njengento epheleleyo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulawula imveliso, ayizange iphile kuze kube namhlanje. Inkqubo "yalolwa" kwaye yasebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwezo meko: kumashishini asele esele, eneenkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo nezingakhawulezisiyo ukuphuhlisa nokuzisa iimveliso ezintsha kwimarike; ngemfuno yangaphandle, ezinzileyo kakhulu kwaye ethile. Kwimeko yengxaki ye-post-perestroika yoshishino kunye nokulahlekelwa ingqondo abaphathi kunye neenjineli, iRodov System yaqala ukusebenza kwelinye icala: ngokuchasene nemveliso. Kwaye, nangona uninzi lweendawo zokugcina zibekwe kwinkqubo, kwakungekho "Rodov entsha" ngelo xesha ukulungelelanisa inkqubo kwiimeko ezintsha. Kwaye iimeko ziye zatshintsha ngokwenene ngokusisiseko.
- Kwakukho imfuno yemarike, kunye nayo - into engenakwenzeka yokuqikelela isicwangciso semveliso esisisigxina kunye nesizinzileyo.
- UmThengi wabonakala, kunye neemfuno zayo ezithile, kunye nayo - ukukhula koluhlu lweemveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye nokuguqulwa kwazo, isidingo sokuya kuchungechunge oluncinci okanye imveliso yeqhekeza kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso ezisisiseko ezilungisiweyo ngokulandelelana.
- Abakhuphisana bavele, kubandakanywa. entshonalanga nasempuma, kunye nabo - imfuneko yotshintsho olukhawulezayo kwizizukulwana zemveliso, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kunye nokuqaliswa kweemveliso ezintsha kwimarike.
- Ngenxa yoku kungaqiniseki - "i-shaft" yokuguqulwa kunye nokuguqulwa koyilo
- Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukumisela imveliso emiselweyo emiselweyo kwi-horizon yokucwangcisa efunekayo, ifom kunye nekhonkco kwimihla ethile yesicwangciso sokuvelisa iimveliso ezinemiqathango.
Kwiimeko ezitshintshileyo, ukusebenza ngokwenkqubo yeRodov kwakhokelela ekubeni i-90% yezinto ezithengiweyo / eziveliswayo zigcinwe kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla ze-MTS / kwiivenkile, zenza igalelo labo, abaninzi - igalelo elibulalayo "kwimpahla" izinto zamaphepha ebhalansi, ngokusilela kwangaxeshanye ukuhlangabezana nemihla ebekiweyo yokuzalisekisa iiodolo .
Inkcazo. "I-backlogs" ye-Rodovskaya System igxininiswe ngokunzulu kwiintloko zabasebenzi bethu bemveliso kangangokuba ngoku iifektri ezininzi zizama ukulinganisa, ukudala, ukulandelela "imvelaphi" kwimveliso, ukusebenza "kwi-backlog", "vala uchungechunge" , faka isitampu sezixhobo zemoto eziya kwindibano yocweyo ye PDO / PROSK. Kwaye "inzululwazi" yasekhaya yolawulo lwemveliso isaqhubeka nokukhupha iincwadi zezifundo (kwaye, ngokucacileyo, ulwazi) ngegama elihlangeneyo elithi "Ulawulo lwemveliso (yangoku)", apho ukusilela kunye neendlela zokubala zabo zinikwa indima enkulu.
Kwakhona: "i-backlog" ye-Rodov System ayikho i-backlog, ayikho umgangatho we-WIP, ibhalansi engenakunqanyulwa. Eli lixesha lokukhokela elilinganiselweyo lenxalenye ethile, ebalwa ngaphambi kwayo ukuze kunikezelwe “ngexesha elifanelekileyo” endibanweni!
Kwaba ngeli xesha, belahlekelwe yinto ababenayo kwaye bengenzi nto entsha, iiNkqubo zoCwangciso loMveliso zafa kwaye azikabonakali kuninzi lweefektri zethu, ngakumbi ezemveli, ze-post-Soviet. Endaweni yoko: umntu uzama ukuzicinezela kwibhedi ye-MRP-II Procrustean ngoncedo lweenkqubo ze-ERP, umntu ujonge ngomona kwi-kanban kunye nendlela yokulawula nje ngexesha, eqonda ukuba le nto ayinakutsalwa, umntu, kwaye ayisoloko ingaphumeleli. , ezama ukulawula ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zabo, umntu-uninzi lwazo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, unike lonke ulawulo ngenceba yesebe lokuthengisa kunye nabasebenzi - ngenxa yokugqibela - ngokusebenzisa i-piecework.
Inkqubo yeRodov. Ukuzalwa okwesibini.
Kodwa imeko, kubandakanywa. imarike iyatshintsha. Ngoku amashishini aphumeleleyo, aquka. amashishini karhulumente anemfuno ezinzileyo yeemveliso zawo kwaye akanakuphila kuphela kwixesha elizayo. Ukusasazeka kweengcamango eziNcincisayo kunye nomzabalazo wokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kukhokelela kwinto yokuba amashishini aqala ukugxila kwimveliso yezo mveliso kuphela kwimveliso enobuchule kakhulu. Kwaye nangona inani lohlengahlengiso lingabi ngaphantsi, kunjalo, ubuncinci, hayi "iintsimbi kunye neehelikopta".
Kwaye ukuba iRodov System iqaqambe kakhulu, kwaye ndiyafuna ukuyithetha, kutheni ungayihlaziyi kwaye uyisebenzise ukulawula iintlobo ezithile zamashishini? Ngaphezu koko, uRodov wabeka kuyo uvimba wophuhliso oluninzi, kubandakanywa. ukuba nokwenzeka kokusetyenziswa kwaye kwimeko yokungazinzi okukhulu kwendawo yemveliso yangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yeRodov, kunye nokwandiswa kwezakhono zayo kunye nobuchwepheshe be-IT kunye nezixhobo ze-Lean / TOC - ngezantsi.
1. Imveliso enemiqathango. Ukusuka kwimveliso enemiqathango, ngokwengqiqo yemveli, kuya kufuneka ujike. Esikhundleni salo - imveliso phantsi komyalelo (umyalelo), kunye nesakhiwo somyalelo othile. Nokuba, okanye kwangaxeshanye (kuxhomekeke kubume bemfuno kunye nokuveliswa kweshishini), inokuchazwa kwaye isetyenziswe njengento enemiqathango kwaye Ikhithi yemihla ngemihla (uhlelo losuku) okanye ikhithi yewotshi. Ezo. imveliso (iqela leemveliso) eziveliswa yonke imihla okanye ngokomjikelo ochazwe kwishishini elithile.
2. Njengoko ishedyuli yemveliso kuya kubakho ishedyuli yokuthunyelwa kwee-odolo - umyalelo (imveliso phantsi komyalelo) kunye nomhla wokulungela. Okanye isethi yemihla ngemihla (i-tacto) ebotshelelwe kumhla wokulungela.
3. Uphuculo olulandelayo - "umsebenzi osemva". Ukususela kwi-backlog, kunye nokusuka kwi-normalization yeshedyuli yokukhululwa ukuya kumhla wokuqalisa kwendibano - siyala. Sibeka endaweni yazo nge-dynamic (i.e. engatshintshiyo) ukucwangcisa, umsebenzi wakhe oyintloko kukubala ixesha lokuhamba eliguquguqukayo (xa ucwangcisa kunye nemithintelo), ishedyuli yokukhulula, ukuqaliswa. Kwakungekho cwangciso kwiRodov System, kuba. iimeko zangaphandle nezangaphakathi zatshintsha kancinci. Ngoko ke, emva kokumisela ukuhamba, owona msebenzi uphambili yayikukuxhasa nokubeka iliso kuwo. Imeko yokwenene yahlukile. Imeko, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, iyatshintsha, kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye (re) ukucwangcisa kufuneka kwenziwe yonke imihla. Yeyiphi isoftware kunye nezixhobo zehardware ezenza kakuhle.
Ingqikelelo yokucwangcisa ixhomekeke kwiimfuno zoshishino zeshishini ngalinye, kodwa izinto zayo ngokubanzi zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
a. Into nganye yeshedyuli yokuvelisa - umyalelo (imveliso ngomyalelo) icwangciswe ngokwahlukileyo, ukusuka kwimveliso egqityiweyo, "phantsi" kunye "nekhohlo", ngokwenkcazo kunye neshedyuli yendibano yomjikelo. Ngokugcinwa kwekhonkco yecandelo ngalinye, indibano okanye i-workpiece, kunye nomyalelo wentloko (jonga umfanekiso ongezantsi). Kule meko, ivenkile nganye iya kukwazi ukubona umyalelo ekufuneka zivelise amacandelo, kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, umyalelo ngamnye "ubona" indlela iinxalenye ezithile eziveliswa ngayo. Lo ngumyalelo "womyalelo" (umyalelo wabathengi) isicwangciso sokuvelisa.
Amagqabantshintshi ngeCapacity accounting. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zeshishini, amandla asenokungathathelwa ngqalelo xa kucwangciswa (kule meko, ixesha le-takt libalwa ngamaqela emveliso kwaye amandla alungelelaniswa kubuchule, kubandakanywa nezixhobo ezibhityileyo), okanye ukucwangciswa kwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo. akhawunti izibonelelo ezikhoyo, usebenzisa, kuquka i-algorithms yokuphucula.
b. Kwimeko yokukhululwa kohlobo olufanayo lwemveliso kunye neshedyuli yokuvelisa i-quasi-stable, kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukulawula "i-backlogs" kunye nombutho weskimu sokutsalwa kwe-pull launch usebenzisa i-electronic kanban. Oku kukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso sesicwangciso se-"pull-push", esiphuculwe yi-algorithms ye-"drum-buffer-rope" kunye nokubonakaliswa kombala we-TOC. Bona umkhiwane. ngezantsi.
4. Isalathiso sekhadi lomlinganiselo. Emva kokucwangciswa okuzenzekelayo (okanye emva kokusekwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwe "kanban" yokuqalisa ukuzalisa indawo yokugcina impahla ephakathi), iworkshop nganye / icandelo / indawo yokusebenzela ifumana zombini isicwangciso sokukhululwa kunye nesicwangciso sokuqaliswa, iinxalenye ezithile zemiyalelo ethile - "ifayile ehambelanayo" ifomu yombane (Qalisa - bona ngezantsi). Ukunciphisa ukuqaliswa kokungaphezulu komthamo ofunekayo (ngokukodwa okufanelekileyo kwimeko yemivuzo ye-piecework), isicwangciso sokuphehlelelwa "sivuliwe" ukuze sijongwe yiworkshop nganye / indawo kuphela ngexesha elimiselweyo - "ifestile yokuqalisa" ichazwe kwiworkshop nganye. /indawo. Ngokuveliswa ngokuzenzekelayo kweempawu zokutsalwa, isicwangciso sokuphehlelelwa sikhawulelwe kwi-kanban kuphela eveliswe ukuzaliswa kwendawo yokugcina impahla ephakathi. Kule "ikhabhinethi yokufakela i-electronic", indima ye "ikhadi lemveliso" idlalwe yikhadi le-elektroniki elithi "kanban", eliprintwa (ngebhakhowudi) kwaye zombini isignali yokuqalisa kunye noxwebhu oluhamba kunye ne-analogue (okanye igcwele. ukuthobela) yemephu yendlela.
5. Umbutho wemveliso. Okona kulungileyo, inokuphunyezwa ngokufana neNkqubo yeGenera: kwindawo nganye yomsebenzi / ubisi lomsebenzi ngamnye, isicwangciso sokuphehlelelwa senziwe kwaye sipapashwe ngekhompyutha. Isicwangciso sokuphehlelelwa siyafana naleyo ichazwe ngasentla, kodwa ngesalathiso seenkcukacha-zokusebenza (okanye - iifowuni zecandelo, oko kukuthi - amaqela okusebenza), kunye nomqondiso wombala wokulungela imveliso (ukufumaneka kwenkqubo yobugcisa / inkqubo yeCNC. , isixhobo, izixhobo, imathiriyeli / izikhewu okanye imveliso engagqibekanga enecandelo langaphambili). Ukuqhubela phambili, nokuba umphathi wesayithi okanye umenzi uprinta ngokuthe ngqo i-kanban (okanye, i-analogue yaseSoviet kanban - imephu yendlela) ukusuka kwifestile yokuqalisa ekhoyo kunye nokufumaneka, kwaye iqala imveliso. Kule nguqulo, "Ukuqaliswa ngeeNdawo zoMsebenzi" kupapashwa kwi-flat monitor ye-workshop / icandelo, okanye, usebenzisa i-touch-screens, ngokufanisa kunye neeterminals zokuhlawula kwiinkonzo zeselula kunye noluntu kwiivenkile ezinkulu. Kwimeko yokugqibela, umsebenzi ufumana ukufikelela kwidatha yakhe usebenzisa ipasi yakhe yamagnetic.
6. Accounting ukukhutshwa-ukukhutshwa, ukubalwa kokwenziwa kwemisebenzi (ukuba kuyimfuneko), ukunyakaza okungaphezulu kwamacandelo kwiindawo / iindibano zocweyo zenziwa ngokusebenzisa ikhowudi yebha, ukuskena i-kanban okanye amakhadi endlela adlula kwindawo. Okanye / kwaye - ngegalelo lolwazi ngumphathi / umenzi / umlawuli we-BTK ngokusebenzisa "ii-terminals zokuhlawula". Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zabasebenzi kwi-accounting kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kolwazi malunga nokuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso sokuvelisa ngokupheleleyo - ngexesha lokufaka ulwazi, ukubalwa "kwe-coverage" yee-odolo / iiseti zomjikelezo zenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye. ukubonwa kolwazi kwi "Launch" (jonga ngasentla) kunye "nongqamaniso" "(jonga ngezantsi). Kwakhona, kulo mzekelo, nawuphi na umenzi ngokukhawuleza ubona oko kuye kwenziwa utshintsho, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, imali efunyenwe ngosuku (kwimeko yenkqubo yomvuzo eyenziwe okanye yexesha-yebhonasi).
7. Ukubeka iliso.
a. Yonke imihla, ngokusekelwe kwinyani yokuzaliseka kwemisebenzi yokuvelisa, inguqulelo "ebaliweyo" yesicwangciso sokuvelisa yenziwa, ngokomgaqo: inyaniso + eseleyo umthamo (ixesha) lomsebenzi.
b. I "graphionality graph", yi "Synchronicity", -esona sixhobo siphambili sokulawula umjikelo womsebenzi weevenkile - sakhiwe ngokuthelekisa isicwangciso "somyalelo" kunye ne "calculated" ye "proportionality graph" (ngezantsi).
c. Kwaye, njengesixhobo esifihlakeleyo ngakumbi sohlalutyo jikelele lwezibonelelo, kubandakanywa. kunye nomnye komnye, ababoneleli bangaphakathi bekhonkco lokubonelela ngemveliso - "Isimo soMboneleli".
isiphelo
Le nkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yoCwangciso kunye neMonitoring, yenziwe liqela lethu iminyaka eliqela kwaye yafumana ifom epheleleyo kunye nendlela yokusebenza ngo-2009. Kunyaka olandelayo, kukhangelo oluqhubekayo lwezisombululo ezingcono kwiingxaki zocwangciso lwemveliso, saphinda safumanisa iNkqubo yeGeneric. Emva koko, lo mbono wandiswa kunye nemigaqo yokuqaliswa kunye nokubeka iliso: "Launch" ("Proportionality Card Index"), iworkshop kunye nesithili, "Synchronicity" ("Proportionality Graph"). Ngeli xesha, ingcamango echazwe yaphunyezwa ngempumelelo zombini kwizityalo zangaphambili ze-serial nakwizitsha: NAZ im. V.P. Chkalov kunye ne-KnAAZ ebizwa ngokuba yiYu.A. Gagarin (Sukhoi), i-KVZ (ii-Helicopters zaseRashiya), i-GSS (ngokwemigaqo yokucwangciswa kunye nokubeka iliso kunye ne-multi-level supply chain), kunye nabanye. Eyokuqala kusetyenziswa iNkqubo yeGeneric.
Uqheliselo lubonisile ukuba ingqikelelo yokucwangcisa nokubekwa kweliso ethiwe thaca apha ngasentla, enemiba yeNkqubo yeGenera, esanda kuphunyezwa kwaye isekwe kwiindlela zolawulo ezintsha, inokuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kumashishini anzima kakhulu. Kwizinto ezilula, isisombululo siya kuba lula, ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, "ngaphandle kwebhokisi" (okwangoku siqhubela kule njongo). Ngaphezu koko, inokuthi iphunyezwe yimikhosi yamashishini ngokwawo - njengenkqubo yokuqala yeRodov. Kodwa i-brake apha, ngokwesiko, kubukho boMthengi kwishishini, onamandla kunye nokuqonda, ubukho bobuchopho kunye namabhongo amahle kwinqanaba lolawulo oluphakathi, kwaye, ekugqibeleni kodwa ubuncinane, umgangatho jikelele wenkcubeko yemveliso. Iimeko ezimbini zokuqala ziyimfuneko kwaye zanele ukuphumelela, okokugqibela lixesha elimiselweyo lokutshintshela kwinkqubo entsha.
Ngelishwa, inqanaba lokuqala, elesibini kunye nelesithathu okwangoku liphantsi kakhulu kwinqanaba le-1961 elichazwe (phakathi kwemigca) nguRodov noKrutyansky. Ewe kunjalo, uninzi lwezixhobo zintsha, kodwa akukho kwaphela ubuchopho obaneleyo kunye neenkokeli ezifanelekileyo. Kananjalo kukho ukunqongophala kwenkcubeko yemveliso engenamsebenzi, ukusuka ekugcineni ukubunjwa kweemveliso kunye nokubalwa kwesiseko kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla / kwimveliso ukuya kwiindlela zevenkile kunye nolawulo lwemveliso ngokubanzi. Masithembe kwaye sisebenze kweli cala ukuba le meko izakutshintsha ibe ngcono. Kubandakanywa, kunye nokuvuselelwa kweendlela ezichazwe ngasentla.
umthombo: www.habr.com