Ukuvela kwemigaqo yenkuthazo kunye nenkuthazo ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zolwazi kunye nezinye iimveliso zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kuphuhliswa. Ukongeza kwiiklasikhi, i.e. Iifomu zongxowankulu bemali, iindlela ezizezinye kudala zikhona kwaye ziya zisanda. Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, i-IBM enkulu, njengenxalenye yenkqubo yayo "Yabelana", yabiza utshintshiselwano lwasimahla lweenkqubo zesicelo kwii-mainframes zayo eziphuhliswe ngabaqulunqi benkqubo beqela lesithathu (kungekhona ngezizathu zesisa, kodwa oku akusitshintshi isiseko inkqubo).
Namhlanje: ushishino loluntu, ukugcwala kwabantu, "Sibhala ikhowudi kunye" ("iKhowudi yeNtlalo", iGitHub kunye nezinye iinethiwekhi zentlalo zabaphuhlisi), iindlela ezahlukeneyo zelayisenisi yeeprojekthi zoMthombo ovulekileyo we-freeware, utshintshiselwano ngezimvo kunye notshintshiselwano lwasimahla lolwazi, itekhnoloji, iinkqubo.
Ifomati entsha yokusebenzisana "Umsebenzi weNtlalo kunye noyilo oluvulekileyo" kunye nengcamango yomthombo wayo wolwazi (iwebhusayithi) icetywayo. Sidibana nesiqalo esitsha (ukuba sitsha ngenene). Ifomula yendlela ecetywayo: uthungelwano, ukusebenzisana, ukuvula izinto ezintsha, ukudala ngokubambisana, ukuxhotyiswa kwabantu abaninzi, ukuxhaswa ngemali kwabantu abaninzi, umbutho wenzululwazi wabasebenzi (SLO), ukubekwa emgangathweni kunye nokudibanisa, ukufanisa izisombululo, umsebenzi kunye nenkuthazo engeyiyo eyemali, ukutshintshiselana ngokukhululekileyo. amava kunye neendlela ezingcono zokukopisha, uMthombo oVulekileyo, i-freeware kunye "konke-konke-konke".
1 Okusingqongileyo kunye nobungakanani besicelo
Makhe siqwalasele iifomathi: isisa, ishishini lakudala, ishishini elinoxanduva loluntu (ushishino lwakudala olunesisa), ushishino lwentlalo (ushishino olusekelwe eluntwini).
Ngoshishino kunye nothando, kucace kakhulu.
Ishishini elinoxanduva loluntu lisekelwe kwi-rough kwaye ayisoloko iyinyani (kukho okungafaniyo), kodwa umzekelo ocacileyo kakhulu: xa i-oligarch, iphanga abantu besixeko sakhe (ilizwe), i-square yesixeko esincinci, ibe ngowokuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo, wazithengela iinqaba ezimbalwa kunye neeyacht zodidi, iqela lezemidlalo njalo njalo.
Okanye wenza isiseko soncedo (mhlawumbi ngenjongo yokuphucula irhafu yeshishini lakhe).
Ukurhweba kwezentlalo, njengomthetho, "ishishini lenkxaso-mali" elijolise ekusombululeni iingxaki zabahlali abasengozini yentlalontle: iinkedama, iintsapho ezinkulu, abadla umhlala-phantsi kunye nabakhubazekileyo.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba "ushishino olujolise eluntwini" lumalunga nesisa kwaye okwesibini malunga nokuvelisa ingeniso, iimali ezinkulu zoshishino lwaseRashiya zenziwa ngeemali (inkunzi yemali) evela kwi-oligarchs. Ushishino lwentlalo luhlala luhluke kwi-charity ngokuzixhasa ngemali, ngoko ngokubanzi, ikwalishishini (usomashishini = usomashishini).
Abanye kuHabré bathi
Ungabona kwakhona imizekelo yeeprojekthi apho.
Umsebenzi wezeNtlalo kunye noYilo oluVulekileyo - okanye STOP - unefilosofi eyahluke kancinane. Le fomati yeyabo abangakulungeleyo ukunceda abanye kuphela, kodwa bafuna ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi yabo kunye nemisebenzi yabo bajikelezile (uluntu lonke) ngokufanelekileyo ngokusemandleni.
Le projekthi ijolise ekufumaneni impumelelo enkulu kwimfundo kunye nemveliso ngokusebenzisa intsebenziswano (ukuqokelela), uyilo oluvulekileyo (ulawulo lweprojekthi yoluntu), ukulungelelanisa kunye nokudibanisa izisombululo zoyilo, ukuphuhliswa kweengcamango kunye nokwakhiwa kwamaqonga asisiseko kwindalo yonke esekelwe kuzo, ukuphindaphinda kweeprojekthi eziqhelekileyo. kunye nokuboleka izisombululo ezingcono (izenzo) endaweni yokuhlala "ukubuyisela kwakhona ivili", i.e. ukusebenzisa kwakhona umsebenzi wabanye.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lale ntshukumo, kufanele ukuba iqhube uphuhliso esidlangalaleni: izenzo eziluncedo ngokwenene ekuhlaleni zidla ngokubonisa imigaqo-siseko yoluntu. Intshukumo isekelwe kwezi ndlela zilandelayo:
x-ukusebenza (intsebenziswano, njl.), x - ukukhangela (i-crowdsourcing, njl. njl.), ukutsala zombini iingcali - ii-altruists (abaphuhlisi abaziingcali) kunye neengcali ze-novice (abafundi) kwiiprojekthi, o.t. "Ubunzima kunye nobuchule sisiqubulo ...". Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yintlangano yenzululwazi yomsebenzi.
Ingcamango "yomsebenzi weNtlalo kunye noyilo oluvulekileyo" lunokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi boluntu, kodwa apha siya kuzikhawulela kwi-IT sphere. Ngoko ke, isebe le-STOP ngokumalunga ne-IT (i-automation) libizwa ngokuba yi-STOPIT: iprojekthi ye-STOP kwizihloko ze-IT. Nangona oku kukwahlulwa kwemiqathango, kuba, ngokomzekelo, iteknoloji yokulawula ukulawula iiprojekthi kunye neenkqubo zibhekwa njenge "IT", kodwa azisetyenziswanga kuphela kwiiprojekthi ezizenzekelayo.
Kukho iifom ezifanayo, umzekelo, yiprojekthi yokufundisa yoluntu ejolise ekuphuhliseni intsebenziswano phakathi kwecandelo elingenzi nzuzo kunye neengcali ze-IT.
Nangona kunjalo, STOPIT - igxile kuyo nayiphi na i-IT-oriented "imfuno kunye nonikezelo". I-STOPIT ayisiyoprojekthi yemfundo kuphela, ayiyo kuphela "intsebenziswano phakathi kwecandelo elingenzi nzuzo kunye neengcali ze-IT" kunye nezinye "kungekhona kuphela".
Umsebenzi wezeNtlalontle kunye noyilo oluvulekileyo yi-IT greenhouse yohlobo olutsha loshishino lwentlalo, apho igama elithi "entrepreneurship" lingcono endaweni "yimisebenzi."
2 Ingcamango "yomsebenzi weNtlalontle kunye noyilo oluvulekileyo" kunye nokukhuthaza
Iindima
Ingcamango ye-STOPIT IT greenhouse iquka iindima ezintathu: uMthengi, uMphakathi, uMenzi. Umthengi udala "imfuno", okanye ngokuchanekileyo, uyabuza kwaye enze ngokusesikweni "into ekufuneka yenziwe." UmThengi yiyo nayiphi na inkampani okanye umntu ofuna ukusombulula ingxaki ethile ajongene nayo. Kule meko, yenza into ngokuzenzekelayo.
Umdlali wenza "isiphakamiso", i.e. ichaza "into alungele ukuyenza." Ikhontraktha yinkampani, iqela labaphuhlisi, okanye nje umphuhlisi olungeleyo, kwimeko eqhelekileyo, "ngokuzithandela" (ngaphandle kwentlawulo) ukusombulula ingxaki kuMthengi.
Umlamli ngumxholo odibanisa "imfuno" kunye "nobonelelo" kwaye ulawula isisombululo sengxaki, ukwaneliseka kwabo bobabini uMthengi kunye noKontraka. Ukwaneliseka kweKontrakta ngokwakhe kubalulekile, kuba Kwimeko eqhelekileyo, sithetha ngomsebenzi "ngokuzithandela." Esikhundleni somgaqo othi: "Imali ifunyenwe ngomsebenzi, kodwa ingca ayiyi kukhula apho," kulo mzekelo umbandela uqala ukusebenza apho iKontrakta inomdla wokwazisa umkhiqizo wakhe ngokukhuthazwa okungeyiyo imali. Kwaye oku ngamanye amaxesha "kubiza kakhulu kunemali."
Ngendlela, iteknoloji ye-STOPIT inqoba ngokulula enye ingxaki yesakhiwo se-IT yanamhlanje: ukuba uMthengi uyanelisekile, ngoko iprojekthi yokuphunyezwa ithathwa njengeyimpumelelo nangona iiparitha zenjongo zokuthotyelwa kwesisombululo soyilo kunye nomsebenzi owabelwe. Kwimeko yethu, ulawulo loluntu luya kubonisa imeko enjalo, kwaye uvavanyo loluntu lwempumelelo yeprojekthi yokuphunyezwa luya kusekelwa kungekhona kumgaqo odumileyo "akuyomfuneko ukuba ucinge ngomgangatho weprojekthi ukuba wena kunye noMthengi ulala. kunye nesaladi efanayo," kodwa kwindlela yokwenza.
2.1 Inkuthazo yabaThengi
Uhlala ufuna ukufumana inkqubo ye-automation ye-automation okanye "phantse ikhululekile", apho kungekho mali okanye "akucaci ukuba ngubani oza kukhetha", kuba ... "wonke umthengisi uyayincoma imveliso yakhe" (nokuba imveliso ayinaxabiso). Kwabaninzi, ithegi yexabiso yeeprojekthi ze-IT iye yaba yinto engathandekiyo. Ndingazifumana phi izisombululo ezilula ezisemgangathweni zeklasi ye-Open Source freeware kunye nesixhobo esingabizi kakhulu sokuphunyezwa kwazo kunye nokugcinwa okulandelayo?
Ngamanye amaxesha imisebenzi yexesha elinye iyafuneka okanye umsebenzi kukukhangela "oku kuyimfuneko", "isebenza njani ngokomgaqo". Umzekelo, inkampani ayinayo iofisi yeprojekthi, kodwa ndifuna ukuqonda ukuba iprojekthi ibiya kuhamba njani ukuba ibikhona. "Umphathi weprojekthi wangaphandle" (umlawuli weprojekthi), umzekelo, umfundi okanye i-freelancer, uqeshwe ngokuzithandela.
Ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sombono we-STOPIT, uMthengi ufumana isisombululo esele senziwe kwingxaki yakhe ngekhowudi yomthombo, ilayisenisi yamahhala, ukuphindaphinda, ukuphuhliswa kwengcamango yoyilo lwesisombululo, kunye nekhowudi ebhaliweyo. Njengenxalenye yengxoxo yokuphunyezwa, wakwazi ukubona ezinye izisombululo kwaye azikhethele ngokuzimeleyo (uvumelana nokukhetha).
Kuyathenjwa ukuba indlela ecetywayo iya kuxhokonxa le meko ilandelayo: ukuba imibutho emininzi ifuna ukusombulula ingxaki efanayo (zombini zifuna imveliso efanayo), ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe iinzame ezidibeneyo zokuphuhlisa isisombululo esisezantsi (okanye iqonga) kunye nokusombulula ingxaki ingxaki kwisiseko sayo, okt. Baye badibana, benza isisombululo esisisiseko kunye, kwaye ke ngamnye wabo wazenzela ngokwabo indlela eqhelekileyo (bayilungelelanise).
Ukwahluka kwe-crowdfunding kunokwenzeka, okanye ukwahluka kokusebenza kunye kumsebenzi omnye ngokwemigaqo: "intloko enye ilungile, kodwa ezimbini zingcono" okanye ngentsebenziswano enyanzelekileyo efana nale: Ndiza kukunceda ngeprojekthi yakho, kwaye uya ndincede ngeyam, ngokuba Unobuchule kweyam, kwaye ndinobuchule kwiprojekthi yakho.
UmThengi unikwe iseti yeemfuno, kodwa asizithatheli ngqalelo okwangoku (ingakumbi imfuneko yokuchaza imbali yokuphunyezwa, ukugcina ngokuvulelekileyo umkhondo webug, njl. njl.).
2.2 Inkuthazo yoMenzi
Iklasi yesiseko yaBasebenzi, ubuncinane ekuqaleni kokuphuhliswa kolwalathiso lwe-STOPIT, kufuneka ibe ngamaqela eprojekthi yabafundi. Kubalulekile ukuba umfundi: asebenze kwingxaki ebonakalayo ngokwenene, afumane amava asebenzayo, abone ukuba umsebenzi wakhe awuzange ungene kwinkunkuma, kodwa ngokwenene usetyenziswe (uxhatshazwa kwaye uzisa izibonelelo kubantu).
Mhlawumbi kubalulekile ukuba umfundi azalise incwadi yerekhodi yomsebenzi (amava omsebenzi werekhodi), afake iiprojekthi zangempela kwipotfoliyo yakhe ("imbali eyimpumelelo" ukususela kunyaka wokuqala weyunivesithi), njl.
Mhlawumbi i-freelancer ifuna ukubandakanya ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi ethile (le nkampani) kwipotifoliyo yakhe kwaye ilungele ukusebenza mahhala.
Ukuba kukho imfuneko, uMthetheli unokuququzelela ukubeka iliso okanye anike umcebisi onamava ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wokusombulula iingxaki ngabaqulunqi be-novice. Kule meko, injongo yomfundi okanye i-freelancer efanayo inokusekelwe kuphela ekusebenzeni kwiprojekthi ngokuthatha inxaxheba "kwi-guru eyaziwayo" eyabelwe le projekthi.
Ke ngoko, abaSebenzi abangoo-altruists kunye nee-philanthropists, nangona abaphuhlisi abaziingcali banokuwela phantsi kwale nkcazo. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise okokugqibela ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-STOPIT njengeqela labacebisi (abacebisi) okanye abaqulunqi abaziintloko okanye ukubatsalela ukuba benze "iiprojekthi ezingumzekelo" eziphakamisa umfanekiso wesayithi ethile yeprojekthi ye-STOPIT.
Iidyunivesithi ezithatha inxaxheba kwi-STOPIT ziya kuba nako ukuqonda ngcono imiceli mngeni yobomi bokwenyani abaya kuthi abaphumeleleyo babo basonjululwe. Abo babhalwe phantsi ukuze babe ilifa baya kuqeshwa kamva ukuze baxhase imisebenzi yabo (iinkqubo). ISiseko sinokuququzelela ukhuphiswano kwaye sikhuthaze abona baSebenzi abakhutheleyo (iiYunivesithi), kubandakanywa nengxowa-mali ekhethekileyo yeminikelo evela kubathengi ngokwabo, abaya kunikela "kuvuyo" lwesixhobo esikhululekile, kodwa esisebenzayo (iprogram) kubo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kumfundi, "ulonwabo No. 1" kuxa sele isombulula iingxaki eziphathekayo kwiziko, i.e. aziyonyani, kodwa ziyinyani (nokuba akazigqibi okanye agqibezele isiqwenga somsebenzi omkhulu). "Ulonwabo No. 2" - xa iprojekthi yakhe yayiluncedo ngokwenene ebomini (yaphunyezwa), i.e. umsebenzi wakhe "awuzange uphoswe emgqomeni wenkunkuma" ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhusela iprojekthi. Kuthekani ukuba, ngaphezu koku, kukho inkuthazo encinci yemali?
Kwaye akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe ngokwemali: ingxowa-mali yenkuthazo inokuquka izithuba zemisebenzi yoqeqesho, izifundo (uqeqesho oluphezulu), kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezihlawulelwayo zemfundo okanye ezingezizo ezemfundo.
Isikhundla esisulungekileyo se-"altruist-philanthropist" kufuneka siphinde sizifumane kwi-STOPIT. I-egoist yeyakhe, i-altruist yeyabantu. I-misanthrope yi-misanthrope, i-philanthropist ngumthandi wobuntu. Umntu ozinikeleyo kunye nesenzo sobubele ukuze kuxhamle uluntu, ebeka izilangazelelo zabanye ngaphezu kwezabo. Bobabini bayaluthanda uluntu kwaye bayalunceda. Lo ngumthombo onamandla ongekafumani indlela yawo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu ze-IT.
2.3 Amaqela eprojekthi yabafundi alithemba lenguqu kwezenzululwazi nethekhinoloji yasekhaya
Ndingathanda ukugxininisa ukuba ayingawo kuphela amaqela eprojekthi yabafundi athathwa njengaBagwebi beeprojekthi ze-STOPIT, kodwa ithemba elikhethekileyo libekwe kubo kwi-revolution yezenzululwazi kunye nezobuchwepheshe (STR). Ukwahlukaniswa kwangoku kwenkqubo yemfundo kwimveliso, ukungabikho kokuqonda ngabasebenzi bokufundisa kwemisebenzi ethile ebonakalayo yokuvelisa yingxaki yemfundo yasekhaya yanamhlanje. Kwi-USSR, "ukucwiliswa nzulu" kwabafundi kwimveliso, beza namasebe asisiseko kumaziko emfundo kumashishini nakumaziko ophando.
Namhlanje, ezinye zisekhona, kodwa "Isiphumo esikhulu" esilindelweyo asizange senzeke.
Nge "Isiphumo Esikhulu" ndithetha into "evulekileyo kwaye inkulu, i.e. kuluncedo ekuhlaleni ngokomlinganiselo wesijikelezi-langa.” Ngokufana namaziko aseNtshona, umzekelo, i-"X windows system" iseva yokubonisa, ephuhliswe kwi-1984 kwi-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, kunye nommandla wonke welayisenisi ye-MIT.
Abafundi bethu abakwazi ukwenza amaqhinga anje:
Mhlawumbi ingcamango yemfundo ephakamileyo ifuna ukutshintshwa, umzekelo, yenziwe ngokutsha ngendlela yaseNtshona: amaziko emfundo kufuneka adityaniswe namaziko ophando. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungcikivweni ukuba zonke iimpumelelo ze-MIT kunye nezinye ezifanayo kufuneka zichazwe kumaziko okuvelisa izinto ezintsha kumaziko, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, amaziko ethu ophando akanakuziqhayisa ngayo nantoni na.
Kule ngcamango, i-STOPIT inokuthathwa njenge "i-patch yesikhashana" de urhulumente "uvuke" kwaye ukhumbule isidingo sokuvuselela imfundo ephakamileyo.
I-STOPIT inokusebenza njenge-springboard ye-NTR. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, iinguqu - zombini kwimfundo kunye neendlela zokuyila kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezizenzekelayo: ukuyila okuvulekileyo, ukuboleka, ukulinganisa-ukuhlanganiswa, ukubunjwa kwemigangatho evulekileyo yeenkqubo zokwakha, i-architectures system, frameworks, njl.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, uphando lwebhubhoratri kunye nezakhono ezisebenzayo, kunye nokuphumelela ngakumbi (kwaye "akunjalo") ukuphunyezwa, ukusuka kwiikhosi zokuqala, ngundoqo kwimfundo esemgangathweni.
Okwangoku, kufuneka sifunde ngokulusizi oku:
Ndingumfundi we-2nd waseyunivesithi, ndifunda kwi-Applied Mathematics kunye neSayensi yeKhompyutha, kwaye ngempumelelo, ndifumana i-scholarship eyandisiweyo. Kodwa, ngenye imini entle, ndaye ndafumanisa ukuba oko ndandikufundiswa kwaqalisa ukuba ngumthwalo kum kwaye, ngokuzimeleyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye kumnandi. Kamva, kwavela ingcamango: kutheni ungasebenzisi ezinye iiprojekthi zakho, ufumane udumo kunye nemali (eyokugqibela iyathandabuza, ngokuqinisekileyo). Kodwa. Andazi ukuba ndim ndedwa onale ngxaki, ubuncinci andifumananga nto kwi-Intanethi, kodwa andinakuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni kanye endiza kuyenza. Isebe liyigxeleshile lathi uphando...
Ngokuqinisekileyo, andiyikucela iimbono esele zenziwe, ndicela impendulo kumbuzo: ndingaza njani kule nto?
Ingcebiso kubafundisi-ntsapho: Kutheni abafundi be-IT kufuneka babe ngumthwalo wemisebenzi engekho ngqiqweni (eyintsomi)? Mhlawumbi kufuneka ubuze abahlobo bakho ukuba zeziphi iiprojekthi ze-IT eziqhubekayo kwinkampani yabo, yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe, yintoni ingxaki yokusombulula. Emva koko, qhawula ingxaki ibe ngamacandelo kwaye uyinike lonke iqela ngendlela ye-diploma coursework kunye "nokusika" iingxaki ngokubola. Isisombululo esisiphumo sinokuboniswa kubahlobo: mhlawumbi baya kunqaba i-SAPSAS, njl. kwaye ukhethe umsebenzi womfundi kwi-Open Source copyleft injini?
Umzekelo, ukuphunyezwa kwe-“SAPSAS, njl.” kwezinye iimeko kunokuba ngokuhambelana nomgaqo othi "ukusuka kwisibhamu ukuya koongqatyana", i.e. Isisombululo esilula sinokulungela ukusombulula ingxaki, ukongeza, ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho ekuziseni ezo zilo zikhulu phantse zisoloko zingalunganga: ke ngoko, uphononongo lokwenzeka kokuphunyezwa olulolo hlobo luhlala lungenziwa konke konke, kuncinci ukupapashwa.
Nokuba ngaba abahlobo bakho bathi "hayi," vele upapashe isisombululo sakho kunye nokuthelekisa kunye nemveliso ekhuphisanayo - mhlawumbi kuya kubakho umntu oya kukhetha isisombululo sakho, ukuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, siyakhuphisana. Konke oku kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kweqonga le-STOPIT.
2.4 Imiba yempumelelo ekhethiweyo
Ivektha yentshukumo ephambili kufuneka isekwe koku kulandelayo:
A) Vula. Iinkqubo kufuneka zibe ngumthombo ovulekileyo kwaye zibhalwe kakuhle. Kwangaxeshanye, ukongeza ekubhalweni kwekhowudi, kufuneka kwakhona iqulathe amaxwebhu engqiqo (i-algorithm), ekhethwayo kwenye yeenowuthsi zegraphical (BPMN, EPC, UML, njl.). “Vula” - ikhowudi yemvelaphi iyafumaneka kwaye akukhathaliseki nokuba yeyiphi imeko-bume iprojekthi eyenziweyo kwaye loluphi ulwimi olusetyenziswayo: iVisual Basic okanye iJava.
B) Mahala. Abantu abaninzi bafuna ukwenza into eluncedo ekuhlaleni kunye nebalulekileyo, evulekileyo kwaye ephindaphindwayo (eluncedo oluninzi): ukuze ibe luncedo kwabaninzi kwaye, ubuncinci, bathi enkosi kakhulu ngayo.
Nangona abanye abantu befuna “okungakumbi” kunokuthi “Enkosi”, umzekelo, ngokuchaza ilayisenisi ethi “THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE” ngqo kwikhowudi yenkqubo (ithegi “impoxo”):
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Faka uMfanekiso ongaphantsi (...
' "IPHEPHA-MVUME LE-BURGER-WARE" (Uhlaziyo 42):
' <[email protected]> ubhale le khowudi. Logama usigcinile esi saziso wena
'unokwenza nantoni na oyifunayo ngale nto. Ukuba sidibana ngenye imini, kwaye ucinga
' ezi zinto zifanelekile, ungandithengela ibhega ngembuyekezo. 😉 xxx
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Ilayisensi "THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE" ingaba likhadi lokufowuna leprojekthi ye-STOPIT. (humorware) enkulu: Ibhiya, iPizzaware...
C) Khetha imisebenzi yobunzima kuqala. Okuphambili kufuneka kube yimisebenzi engenanto ethile, kodwa isicelo esiqhelekileyo: "imisebenzi yemfuno yobuninzi", isonjululwe ngeqonga elivulekileyo jikelele (mhlawumbi kunye nokwenziwa ngokwezifiso okulandelayo ukuba kuyimfuneko).
D) Thatha "umbono obanzi" kwaye udale kungekuphela iinkqubo, kodwa kunye nemigangatho: ukulinganisa kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesisombululo esisemgangathweni soshishino. Ukuqala kufuneka kunikwe izisombululo (iiprogram, iindlela) ezithi, ngaphezu komzekelo wokuphunyezwa, ziqulethe izinto zokulinganisa. Ngokomzekelo, iKontrakta inikezela ngesisombululo esisemgangathweni kwaye ibonisa indlela yokuyiqhelanisa nomsebenzi othile. Ngenxa yoko, ugxininiso lujikeleza ngobuninzi (ukuphindaphinda kaninzi ngokusekelwe kwisisombululo esiqhelekileyo - njengenye indlela "yokubuyisela ivili"). Ukumiswa komgangatho, ukudibanisa kunye nokutshintshiselana ngamava ngokuchasene ne: "isisombululo esivaliweyo kunye nesinye" ("gcina umthengi kwi-hook"), ukunyanzelisa umboneleli wesisombululo sesofthiwe esisodwa (umthengisi).
2.5 Indima yoMlamli
Indima yoMthetheli - umququzeleli (umqhubi) wendawo eyahlukileyo ye-STOPPIT ilandelayo (kwiibhloko).
I-ofisi yeprojekthi: ukusekwa kwepotfoliyo yee-odolo kunye namaqela abadlali (izixhobo zokusebenza). Ukuqokelela iiodolo, ukudala isibonelelo seeKontraka. Imimandla yeprojekthi yokubeka iliso (Ulwaluko, uPhuhliso, njl. njl.).
Umhlalutyi weshishini. Uhlalutyo lweshishini eliphambili. Ukucaciswa okuphambili kwemisebenzi, inzame yokuqulunqa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo oya kuba nomdla kuluhlu olubanzi lwabathengi.
Isiqinisekiso. Isiqinisekiso sokuzaliseka kwemiqathango yekhontrakthi. Ngokomzekelo, iKontrakta inokubeka umqathango wokufumana isenzo ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubo (ukuba ukuphunyezwa kuphumelele) okanye ukuthumela kwiwebhusayithi yenkampani apho isisombululo sayo siphunyezwe inqaku (iindaba kunye nesalathiso seKontrakta) malunga ukuphunyezwa (kwaye akunandaba nokuba yintoni umxholo: okulungileyo okanye okubalulekileyo).
I-Gurantor inokuthi, ngokusekelwe kumgaqo "wokuhlukana komphuhlisi kwimveliso yakhe," iqinisekisa uMthengi ukuba uya kuhlala efumana iqela lenkxaso kule projekthi, umzekelo, ukuba iKontrakta iyala ukuxhasa ukuphunyezwa kwayo okanye ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi. imveliso yesoftware yakhe.
Kukho amanye amanqaku amaninzi (iinkcukacha), umzekelo, ukufihla igama lenkampani yoMthengi kwiinqanaba zokuqala zokuyila. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze uMthengi angafumani ugaxekile ovela kubakhuphisana nabo - ngokwendlela enye "yemali" inkqubo (ngokukhwaza: "itshizi yasimahla ikwitrap yempuku kuphela"). Ukuba uMthengi uzimisele ukuhlawula imali engumfuziselo kwiKontraka, ngoko uMthetheleli usebenza njengommeli ekuhlawuleni amatyala omabini. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubonise iinkcukacha kwitshatha yeprojekthi ethile okanye kwitshatha yesiza esithile se-STOPIT.
PR Imisebenzi yokukhangisa: iileta eziya kulawulo kunye neeforam zabafundi, imidiya - ukuqaliswa kunye nokubandakanyeka kwiprojekthi, ukukhuthazwa kwi-Intanethi.
Kulungile. Ulawulo lokuphumeza. Umthetheli unokwenza uvavanyo lokuqala lwenkqubo ephunyeziweyo kwiiprojekthi zomntu ngamnye. Emva kokuphunyezwa, ququzelela ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo kwaye wenze uphicotho.
UMlamli unokulawula abacebisi, okt. ukuba kukho isibonelelo - iingcali, zidibanise kwiprojekthi yokucebisa.
UMthetheli unokuququzelela ukhuphiswano, amabhaso, njl. Kuninzi okunokongezwa: oku kumiselwa ngamandla (izibonelelo) zoMthetheli.
2.6 Ezinye iziphumo zeprojekthi ecetywayo
Bandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki zokwenyani ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngokufanelekileyo (kwixesha elizayo), siya kwazisa indlela yaseNtshona kumaziko ethu, xa amaqela abafundi enza umgangatho woshishino, iqonga lenkqubo evulekileyo (isakhelo), esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwakha iinkqubo zoshishino zokugqibela.
Ukwandisa umgangatho wokulinganisa ekuphuhlisweni kweenkqubo zolwazi: uyilo oluqhelekileyo, izisombululo ezisemgangathweni, ukuphuhliswa kwesisombululo esisodwa sengcamango kunye nokwakhiwa kweenkqubo ezininzi ezisekelwe kuyo, umzekelo, kwiinjini ezahlukeneyo ze-CMS, i-DMS, i-wiki, njl. phumeza umgangatho wokwakha inkqubo enjalo kunye nenjalo, okt. ukuqulunqwa kwemigangatho yemizi-mveliso yokusombulula ingxaki esetyenziswayo.
Yenza amaqonga adibanisa ukubonelela kunye nemfuno, kunye nokuphunyezwa komsebenzi kuya kuba yinto ephakathi okanye ngexabiso elingokomfanekiso, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zenkuthazo, umzekelo, xa inkampani iqesha umfundi ophumeleleyo kwinkxaso yobugcisa yeprogram yakhe okanye ngaphandle kwentlawulo yomvuzo (emsebenzini).
Kwixesha elizayo, kunokwenzeka ukudala isizukulwana esilandelayo samaqonga asekelwe kwimigaqo yokuvuleka, ukulinganisa, i-crowdfunding, kodwa xa kuphela iprojekthi ngokwayo iya kuhlawulwa, kwaye ukuphindaphinda kwayo kuya kunikelwa kuluntu, i.e. Uluntu, kubandakanywa nayiphi na inkampani kunye nomntu, banokuyisebenzisa simahla. Ngelo xesha, uluntu kwiqonga lokurhweba ngokwalo liza kugqiba oko likufunayo kuqala kwaye ngubani oza kunika le projekthi (uphuhliso "lwemali").
I-3 "Iintsika ezintathu" zoMsebenzi wezeNtlalontle kunye noyilo oluvulekileyo
A) Itekhnoloji yentsebenziswano
(ngokuphathelele STOPIT)
Umnatha - inethiwekhi + umsebenzi - ukusebenza. Lo ngumsebenzi wentlalo kunye nobuchwephesha ojolise ekwakheni ukuthembana kunye nobudlelwane bexesha elide kunye nabantu kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo olufanayo ngoncedo lwesangqa sabahlobo, abaqhelana nabo (kubandakanywa nabaqhelana nabo ngokusebenzisa iinethiwekhi zentlalo okanye iiforamu zengcali), kunye nabalingane.
Uthungelwano sisiseko sokuseka ubuhlobo kunye nobudlelwane bezoshishino nabantu abatsha (amaqabane). Ingundoqo yokunxibelelana kukuqulunqa isangqa sentlalo kunye nomnqweno wokuxoxa ngeengxaki zomntu kunye nabanye, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zomntu (ingcebiso, ukubonisana kwiiforamu). Zonke iinethiwekhi zentlalo zisekelwe kuyo.
Kubalulekile ukukholelwa kwiNethiwekhi kwaye ungoyiki ukubuza abanye izisombululo kwingxaki, ubacele ukuba basombulule ingxaki yakho, kwaye unike ulwazi lwakho kunye nokunceda abanye.
Ngengqiqo ebanzi, yindlela yokulungelelanisa umsebenzi wabantu abanemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwindawo eqhelekileyo; kwindawo emxinwa - indawo efanayo, iofisi edibeneyo (esasazwayo), kwimeko yethu indawo ye-STOPS. Lo ngumbutho weziseko ezingundoqo zentsebenziswano phantsi kweeprojekthi ze-STOPIT.
Ngenye imini kunokwenzeka ukuba izithuba ezisebenzisanayo ze-STOPIT ziya kuvela, kodwa okwangoku eli liqonga le-STOPIT kuphela (isixhobo se-Intanethi). Asiyi kutshintshiselana nje ngamava kunye neengcinga kunye nabo bonke abantu, nto leyo eya kwandisa imveliso kunye nokunceda ekufumaneni izisombululo ezingeyomfuneko kwiingxaki, kodwa kwakhona sisebenze kwiqonga elinye, sisebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo (umzekelo, iinkqubo zokuyila, ii-emulators, iibhentshi zovavanyo lwenyani) .
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku isihloko seendawo zokusebenza ze-STOPIT ayikasetyenziswa, kodwa iya kubandakanya ubuncinane ii-ofisi zenyani (iindawo zokusebenza ze-ofisi ezikude, kuquka ukugqwesa amagama, njl. njl. iilabhoratri kunye nokuma "ekwabelwana ngazo" kwiimvavanyo kunye novavanyo (oomatshini ekwabelwana ngabo kunye nesoftware ekhethekileyo, imifanekiso ye-VM enezikhokelo ezifakwe ngaphambili, njl. njl.).
Ekugqityweni kweprojekthi nganye, ukuma kwayo okubonakalayo kuya kugcinwa kwaye kuya kufumaneka ukuthunyelwa kwakhona kunoma yimuphi umthathi-nxaxheba we-STOPIT, okt. Amaxwebhu okusebenza nawokusebenza eprojekthi aya kufumaneka kuphela, kodwa kunye nenkqubo yolwazi olusebenzayo ngokwayo.
I-STOPIT ithatha kakhulu kwi-crowdsourcing: ngokwenene, iiprojekthi zithunyelwa ngaphandle kuluntu, ikhwelo elivulekileyo kuluntu liyenziwa, apho umbutho ucela (ubuza) izisombululo "kwisihlwele".
Itekhnoloji yoyilo oluvulekileyo, ulawulo lweprojekthi yoluntu (enyanisweni, njengenkqubo ethi "Yintoni, Phi, Nini"), ukuxhotyiswa kwabantu abaninzi, ukudala ngokubambisana, ukutsha okuvulelekileyo yimigaqo eyaziwayo ekulula ukuyifumana kwi-Intanethi, umzekelo, .
B) Umbutho wezenzululwazi wabasebenzi
HAYI - njengenkqubo yokuphucula umbutho womsebenzi osekelwe kwimpumelelo yezenzululwazi kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo - ngumbono obanzi kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, ezi zingoomatshini kunye ne-automation, i-ergonomics, i-rationing, ulawulo lwexesha kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.
Siya kuphelela kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:
- ukutshintshiselana ngokukhululekileyo ngolwazi kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo;
- umanyano kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni;
- ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweZenzo eziNgcono, zombini ishishini kunye neZenzo zoLawulo eziBalaseleyo.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokulinganisa, ukuboleka oko sele kwenziwe, kugxininise kwizisombululo eziqhelekileyo.
Awudingi ukuphinda uqalise ivili ngalo lonke ixesha, kufuneka uliphinde. Ukuba sixazulula ingxaki, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba sinikele isisombululo esiya kuba yinto yonke kwaye sivumele ukuxazulula iingxaki ezifanayo ("iintaka ezimbini ngelitye elinye").
Uqheliselo oluNgcono. Imizekelo yoShishino lweMisebenzi ePhambili, umzekelo, ukusuka kwi-IT: ITSM, ITIL, COBIT. Imizekelo yeeNdlela eziPhezulu zoLawulo: ukusuka kwinqanaba leprojekthi le yi-PMBOK-PRINCE; I-BOKs evela kwintsimi yobunjineli besoftware yenkqubo; I-BIZBOK VAVOK, kunye neendlela ezininzi ezinobunzima bazo "zonke izihlandlo".
Kubalulekile ukuqonda apha ukuba injongo ayiko "kukhetha ezona zenzo zingcono kakhulu" (iindlela ezininzi ezizezinye). Kucetyiswa ukuba ungaqambi iindlela ezintsha zokulawula iprojekthi, iindlela ezintsha zokuyila iinkqubo, njl., kodwa uqale ufunde ezona ziPhumo ziPhakamileyo kwaye uboleke kuzo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nangona ngolunye usuku ndiyathemba ukuba enye yeeprojekthi ze-STOPIT iya kuphinda isetyenziswe "eyaziwayo" i-Best Practice ekhoyo okanye ukudala entsha, umzekelo, i-BOK esekelwe kwiprojekthi ye-STOPIT ngokwayo.
C) Imigaqo-siseko yobomi obusebenzayo
it-pioneers, activists, volunteers, altruists kunye "bonke-bonke-bonke" abafuna ukwenza into eluncedo: zombini "kakhulu" luncedo kwintlalontle (eluncedo olukhulu), kwaye luncedo kuphela kwinkampani encinci, okt. umntu ukwenza into ethile ngokuzithandela.
Abasomashishini bezentlalo, ii-altruists kunye nee-philanthropists zinoxanduva loluntu malunga nokwenza iiprojekthi ze-IT zifikeleleke, ziphenduleke kwaye zisasazeke, umnqweno wokubandakanya inani elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba ekuphuhlisweni kweenkqubo zolwazi, ukwenza iinkqubo zasekhaya ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zingabi ngaphantsi kwe. EzaseNtshona. Into efana "Ubunzima kunye nobuchule yintetho yezemidlalo yaseSoviet," i.e. "Isikali sobunzima kunye nobugcisa sisaci sokwakhiwa kwayo ekhaya."
Konke okufunekayo kukuba, phantsi kokhokelo lwenani elincinane lamaqabane anamava, ukuqondisa umkhosi omkhulu "obalambele ulwazi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ekusebenzeni" kwabafundi kunye nabo bonke abantu (iinjineli zabasaqalayo kunye nabadwelisi beprogram) ukuba benze imisebenzi esebenzayo kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokuphumelela. inkxaso yophuhliso elandelayo. Uphuhliso (imveliso) luthatha le migaqo ingentla: ukuvuleleka, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zonke, ukulinganisa isisombululo, kubandakanywa nophuhliso lwengqiqo (i-ontology), ukuphindaphinda kwamahhala (ikopi ekhohlo).
Iyonke
Ngokuqinisekileyo, umfundi we-IT onenhlanhla kunyaka wakhe ophezulu kwiziko unokufumana i-internship kwinkampani enkulu ye-IT, kukho amabali amahle malunga nabafundi, ngakumbi abaseNtshona, umzekelo, eStanford (K. Systrom, M. Zuckerberg), apho ziindawo zasekhaya zokuqalisa, ii-hackathons, ukhuphiswano lwabafundi olunje “Abantu Bakudinga”, iindibano zemisebenzi, iiforam zolutsha ezifana neBreakPoint, iimali zoshishino lwentlalontle (Rybakov, njl.), iiprojekthi ezifana ne “Preactum”, ukhuphiswano, umzekelo, inqaku. Ukhuphiswano "lweSocial Entrepreneurship ngamehlo abafundi", "iProjekthi 5-100" kunye "nantlanu", amaninzi, kwaye mhlawumbi amakhulu afanayo, kodwa konke oku akuzange kubonelele ngempembelelo yenguqu kwilizwe lethu: okanye inguqu kwezoshishino, nakwimfundo, okanye kwinguqu kwezenzululwazi nobugcisa. Imfundo yasekhaya, inzululwazi kunye nemveliso ithoba isidima kumanyathelo amakhulu. Ukuguqula imeko, iindlela ezibukhali ziyafuneka. Akukhange kubekho kwaye akukho manyathelo aqatha kwaye asebenza ngokwenene "avela phezulu".
Ekuphela kwento eseleyo kukuzama "ukusuka ngezantsi" kwaye ungene kwinzondelelo kunye nomsebenzi wabo bakhathalayo.
Ngaba ifomathi ecetywayo ye-IT greenhouse yohlobo olutsha loshishino lwentlalo olukwazi ukwenza oku: Umsebenzi wezeNtlalontle kunye noyilo oluvulekileyo? Impendulo inokunikwa kuphela ngokuyizama ngesenzo.
Ukuba ingcamango inomdla kuwe, yenza eyakho i-STOPIT resource: ingqikelelo ecetywayo isasazwa phantsi kwelayisensi yeCopyleft “THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE”. Iyunivesiti nganye ingaxhamla kwiqonga elinjalo. Ndizakukubona kwindawo yakho YIMA.
umthombo: www.habr.com