Khumbula ikati ethandekayo ethimla kwiscreensaver sekhathuni yaseSoviet? Siyakhumbula, kwaye siyifumene-kunye neqela lezinye iintsomi ezitsalwa ngesandla. Njengomntwana, wayesoyikeka kwaye ephazamisa kuba wayevelisa izihloko ezinzulu, zabantu abadala. Lixesha lokuphonononga iikhathuni ezindala ukufumanisa ukuba luhlobo luni lwekamva ababephupha ngalo kwelo lizwe.
1977: "Ipolygon"
Umdlali we-animator uAnatoly Petrov wayenesandla kwiikhathuni ezininzi ezidumileyo zaseSoviet, ukusuka "kwiMvumi yeDolophu yaseBremen" ukuya kwi "Holide kaBoniface". Umsebenzi wakhe ozimeleyo wawunomdla kakhulu: wazoba imizobo enemigangatho emithathu. Umzekelo odumileyo wesitayela sikaPetrov wawuyikhathuni emfutshane ethi "Polygon" esekelwe kwibali elichasene nemfazwe ngumlobi wesayensi yezesayensi uSever Gansovsky.
Isicwangciso silula: umqambi ongachazwanga igama weza netanki engabonakaliyo efunda iingcamango zotshaba. Iimvavanyo zentsimi zesixhobo esigqibeleleyo zenzeke kwisiqithi esitshisayo - ngokucacileyo, oku kubhekisela kwii-atolls ze-Bikini kunye ne-Enewetak. Ikhomishini yezempi ibandakanya i-general, phantsi komyalelo wakhe unyana weqhawe wafa. Itanki itshabalalisa umkhosi, kwaye emva koko umdali wayo ophindezelayo.
Ukudala umphumo wevolumu, abalinganiswa batsalwe kumacandelo amabini e-celluloid, kwaye enye yadutshulwa ngaphandle kokugxila. Ngamaxesha anzima, umfanekiso omfiliba uba bukhali. Ikhamera ishukuma ngalo lonke ixesha, ikhenkceza nje ngokufutshane. Akukho gazi kwisakhelo kwaye ekuphela komculo yingoma edumileyo ethi "Tanha Shodam" ngu-Ahmad Zaheer. Konke oku kudityaniswe neemvakalelo zonxunguphalo, uloyiko kunye nonxunguphalo - iimvakalelo zexesha apho iClock yeDoomsday ibonise imizuzu eli-9 ukuya ezinzulwini zobusuku. Ngendlela, ngo-2018 inaliti ihanjiswe kwi-23:58 - ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba ukubikezelwa kwazaliseka?
1978: "Uqhagamshelwano"
Ngo-1968, umboniso wopopayi waseKhanada uGeorge Dunning walathisa iNkwili edumileyo etyheli. Ikhathuni yafika eSoviet Union kuphela kwiminyaka yama-80 kwiikhasethi ezihlaselweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1978, umlawuli kunye nomzobi uVladimir Tarasov wafota eyakhe i-phantasmagoria yomculo ecacileyo. Ifutshane, kodwa ungambona ngokuqinisekileyo uJohn Lennon kumlinganiswa ophambili. Oku kukufanelekela komzobi u-Nikolai Koshkin, "owacaphula" i-cartoon yomculo yaseNtshona.
ISoviet "Lennon" ngumculi oye wahamba emoyeni. Kwindalo, udibana nomntu wasemzini, naye ungumzobi owakhe. Isidalwa esingenasimo siyaguquka sibe zizinto esizibonayo. Ekuqaleni le ndoda iyoyika, kodwa emva koko ifundise undwendwe ukuba lubethe impempe ingoma ethi “Thetha Softly Love” evela ku“The Godfather.” Ngokungafaniyo nezalamane zakhe ezikude kwiNtshabalaliso, umphambukeli uba ngumhlobo womntu aze akhwele naye ekutshoneni kwelanga.
I-Hack yoBomi: cima isandi sokuqala esithi "Qhagamshelana" kwaye uvule uLucy esibhakabhakeni ngeedayimani. Uya kuqaphela ukuba umfanekiso wekhathuni uhambelana nomculo phantse ngokugqibeleleyo.
1980: "Buyela"
"Buyela" yenye ikhathuni yaseTarasov. Uchaza iziganeko eziqhelekileyo ngokwemigangatho yezenzululwazi: inqanawa yempahla yaseValdai T-614 yabanjwa kwishawari yemeteorite kwaye yonakaliswa, ngenxa yokuba inokuhlaliswa emhlabeni ngesandla. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya uyacetyiswa ukuba alale ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba afike. Ulala ubuthongo obunzulu aze azame ukumvusa akaphumeleli. Nangona kunjalo, xa indlela yenqanawa idlula kwikhaya lakhe kwidolophana, unosomajukujuku ngandlel' ithile uyayibona loo nto, uyavuka aze ayibeke phantsi inqanawa.
Akukacaci ukuba ukungazi kweqhawe kusongela intlekele. Umculo (uGustav Mahler’s 5th Symphony) ubonisa ngokuphandle ukuba le meko iyothusa. Ababhali bacetyiswa ngu-cosmonaut u-Alexei Leonov, ngoko ifilimu ibonisa ngokuchanekileyo icala lobugcisa beendiza. Kwangaxeshanye, ubunyani kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla bophulwa ziimbekiselo eziqaqambileyo ze "Alien," eyakhululwa kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngaphakathi kwilori yasesijukujukwini ufana nenqanawa yasemzini kaGiger, kwaye umqhubi wenqwelomoya ngokwakhe akafani kangako nomntu. Ikhathuni emfutshane ayikho into eyoyikisayo kune-classic facehugger scene.
1981: "Abaphambukeli bendawo"
Ababhali beentsomi abadumileyo bezesayensi abazalwana bakaStrugatsky babhala imibhalo emininzi yeekhathuni, kodwa ukubalwa kweSoviet kwababulala bonke. Zonke ngaphandle komnye, oko Arkady Strugatsky wabhala kunye nomhlobo wakhe, umbhali kunye umguquleli Marian Tkachev. Esi yayisiskripthi sesiqendu sokuqala se-Space Aliens.
Icebo liyathembisa: inqanawa yasemzini yehla emhlabeni, abaphambukeli bathumela iiprobes ezimnyama zerobhothi. Iqela lezazinzulu lizama ukufumanisa ukuba iindwendwe zasemkhathini zifuna ntoni. Emva koko kuvela ukuba bafuna ukwabelana ngeteknoloji. Ngaba u-odole "Ukufika"?
Izotywe ngendlela ye-avant-garde-constructivist, le khathuni ithatha nje imizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu. Kubonakala ngathi inde kakhulu kuba isantya seziganeko kwiscreen asifani kwaye siyacotha. Ukuzola okudakisayo apho abadlali bethetha amabinzana amade kakhulu ngakumbi kugxininisa olu phawu lwe "Aliens."
Imizekeliso yefilosofi “yokulinga” yayiyenye yeentlobo ezithandwayo zoopopayi baseSoviet. Nangona kunjalo, "abaphambukeli" bawela umgca phakathi "oku kunzulu" kwaye "oku kuyadika." Kubonakala ngathi uStrugatsky ngokwakhe waqonda oku, ngoko isiqendu sesibini safotwa ngaphandle kwakhe. Kuyo, abaphambukeli bavavanya imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yabantu. Abantu bayalunyamezela uvavanyo, kwaye yonke into ibonakala iphela kakuhle. Kwaye kuhle ukuba iphelile.
Ngowe-1984: “Kuza kuba nemvula encinane”
Ngomnyaka we-1950, umbhali waseMelika uRay Bradbury wabhala enye yeendaba ezidumileyo emva kwe-apocalyptic kwimbali yolu hlobo. “Kuya Kubakho Imvula Ethambileyo” ichaza indlela irobhothi “indlu ekrelekrele” eqhubeka ngayo isebenza emva kokudubula kwebhombu yeathom. Kwiminyaka engama-34 kamva, i-Uzbekfilm yenza ikhathuni emfutshane, eneemvakalelo esekwe ebalini.
Isicatshulwa sikaBradbury sinikezelwa ngenkululeko embalwa yokuyila. Ngokomzekelo, kwibali ixesha elithile lidlule emva kwentlekele - iintsuku okanye inyanga. Kwikhathuni, irobhothi, engayiqondiyo into eyenzekayo, ivuthulula uthuthu lwabanini abatshiswe kusuku olungaphambili kwiibhedi zabo. Emva koko intaka indiza endlwini, i-robot iyayigxotha kwaye itshabalalise ngengozi indlu.
Olu lungelelwaniso lwefilimu luphumelele amabhaso kwiminyhadala emithathu yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenye yeManyano. Umlawuli kunye nomgcini wesikrini wekhathuni wayengumdlali kunye nomlawuli uNazim Tulyakhodzhaev waseTashkent. Ngendlela, umsebenzi wakhe kunye nezinto zikaBradbury awuzange uphele apho: kwiminyaka emithathu kamva wenza ifilimu esekelwe kwibali elithi "The Veldt". Kuzo zombini uhlengahlengiso lwefilimu, abaphulaphuli bakhumbula "Kuya kubakho imvula ethambileyo," kuba ukoyikeka kwemfazwe yehlabathi kunzima ukuphazamisa okanye ukugxotha nantoni na.
1985: "Ikhontrakthi"
Oopopayi baseSoviet babekuthanda ukwenza ifilim imisebenzi yababhali beentsomi zenzululwazi bangaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, iiprojekthi eziqaqambileyo zavela, iziqhamo zangempela zothando. Njengomfanekiso wekhathuni "Ikhontrakthi" esekelwe kwibali legama elifanayo nguRobert Silverberg. Isitayela esikhanyayo, i-avant-garde, ethandwa kakhulu ngumlawuli uTarasov, ukhumbuza ubugcisa be-pop. Ukukhatshwa komculo- izicatshulwa ezivela kumculo wejazz Andinakukunika Kwanto ngaphandle koThando, Usana olwenziwa nguElla Fitzgerald.
Zombini ezokuqala kunye nekhathuni ziqala ngendlela efanayo: i-colonist ilwa nezilo kwiplanethi engahlali mntu. Umthengisi ohambahambayo werobhothi uya kumnceda, owathi, wakhulula ezi zilo ukuze anyanzelise abantu ukuba bathenge iimpahla zakhe. I-colonist iqhagamshelana nenkampani eyayimthumele emhlabeni kwaye ifumanisa ukuba, ngokwemiqathango yekhontrakthi, ayikwazi ukurhweba kunye nerobhothi. Ukongezelela, ngokuthumela izinto zemihla ngemihla njengama-razors, uya kuhlanjululwa kathathu, kuba banyanzelekile ukuba bamnike kuphela izinto eziyimfuneko ebomini.
Emva koko icebo loqobo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwefilimu luyahlukana. Kwibali, irobhothi isongela ukudubula ikholoni. I-colonist ngobuchule iphuma kwimeko ngokufuna imali kwinkampani ukuze isindise ubomi bakhe, kwaye emva kokwala, yaphula isivumelwano kwaye ivakalise ukuba iplanethi iyeyakhe ngelungelo lobuvulindlela. Kwanokwamkelwa okuhlekisayo kwezenzo zobukapitali kwakungavumelekanga kuManyano. Ngoko ke, kwikhathuni, iinkampani zekholoni kunye nerobhothi ziqala imfazwe. Irobhothi iyazincama ukuze igcine umntu eshushu ngexesha lekhephu elingalindelekanga. Nangona umyalezo ocacileyo weengcamango, i-cartoon ishiya umbono omnandi.
Ngowe-1985–1995: IFantadrome
Uthotho loopopayi lwabantwana iFantadroms lujongeka ngathi luzotywe ziianimators zaseNtshona. Ngapha koko, iziqendu ezintathu zokuqala zakhululwa nguTelefilm-Riga, kwaye emva koko ezinye ezilishumi zakhululwa yi-studio yaseLatvia iDauka.
Umlingiswa oyintloko weFantadrome yikati yerobhothi Indrix XIII, enokuthi itshintshe imilo. Nguye othimla ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesiqendu ngasinye. Ikunye nabahlobo bayo, ikati yasemkhathini isindisa abaphambukeli kunye nabantu kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo ezinjengomlilo, ukungaqondani, okanye ukunqongophala kwetyuwa ngequbuliso kwisidlo sakusasa. Izicwangciso ze "Fantadrome" zityhilwa ngaphandle kwamagama, kuphela ngemifanekiso, umculo kunye nezandi, njengakwi-Disney "Fantasia".
Iziqendu ezithathu zokuqala ze "Soviet" zikhangeleka zinzulu: zigxile kwi-spaceship kunye ne-metropolis apho i-Indrix ihlala khona. Iziqendu ezilishumi ezitsha zijolise ebantwaneni, ngoko ke ingqwalasela itshintshele kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-slapstick comedy. Ukuba ii-studios zinezibonelelo ezininzi kunye namathuba, akunzima ukucinga ukuba i-Fantadroms ingaba luhlobo lwe-cosmic "uTom noJerry." Ngelishwa, amandla ochungechunge ahlala engafezekanga.
1986: "Idabi"
Olunye uhlengahlengiso lwefilimu yentsomi yaseNtshona, ngeli xesha ibali likaStephen King. Owayesakuba ngumkhosi wamajoni wabulala umphathi womzi-mveliso wezinto zokudlala. Akuba ewugqibile lo myalelo, ufumana ipasile enamajoni ethoyi avelisiweyo kumzi-mveliso wexhoba. Amajoni ngandlel’ ithile aphila aze ahlasele umbulali. Umlo uphela ngoloyiso lweethoyi, njengoko iseti iqulethe intlawulo encinci ye-thermonuclear.
Ikhathuni yenziwe kusetyenziswa ubuchule bepopayi bubonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba abalinganiswa bahamba kwaye imvelaphi iyatshintsha ukuhambisa ukuhamba kwekhamera. Le ndlela ibiza imali eninzi netya ixesha ayifane isetyenziswe kwimifanekiso eshukumayo etsalwa ngesandla, kodwa ifanelekile. Upopayi lulonke lunike "iDabi" amandla amangalisayo. Ikhathuni emfutshane ayibonakali imbi ngaphezu kweDie Hard, eyakhululwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva.
Umbukeli onomdla uya kuqaphela kumzuzu wokuqala wekhathuni isalathiso kwindawo yokuqhuba ngesangqa se-traffic saseTokyo kwiSolaris yaseTarkovsky. I-futuristic landscape ene-maze engapheliyo yeendlela igxininisa ukuba yonke into eyenzekayo kwikamva elisondeleyo, i-dystopian.
1988: “Dlulisa”
Xa uthetha ngemifanekiso emnandi yaseSoviet, umntu akanakusilela ukukhankanya ihlelo elithi "Pass". I-cartoon isekelwe kwisahluko sokuqala sebali ngumlobi wesayensi uKir Bulychev "Ilali", kwaye umbhali ngokwakhe wabhala iskripthi.
"Ilali" ibalisa ibali lekamva lohambo lwasemkhathini olwathi inqanawa yafika ngokukhawuleza kwiplanethi engaziwayo. Abantu abasindileyo kuye kwafuneka bayibaleke inqanawa ukuze babaleke imitha ye-injini eyonakeleyo. Abantu baseka idolophana, bafunda ukuzingela ngezaphetha neentolo, bakhulise abantwana, kwaye ixesha emva kwexesha benza iinzame zokubuyela ngokudlula kwinqanawa. Kwikhathuni, iqela labaselula abathathu kunye nomntu omdala baya enqanaweni. Umntu omdala uyafa, yaye abantwana, abaqhelana bhetele nehlabathi eliyingozi, bafikelela kwindawo abasinge kuyo.
I-Pass igqamile nakwezinye iikhathuni ze-avant-garde ze-sci-fi zelo xesha. Imizobo yefilimu yatsalwa yingcali yezibalo uAnatoly Fomenko, owaziwa ngeethiyori zembali eziphikisanayo. Ukubonisa ihlabathi lasemzini eloyikekayo, wasebenzisa imizekeliso yakhe kuMphathi noMargarita. Umculo wabhalwa ngu-Alexander Gradsky, kuquka nengoma esekelwe kwimbongi nguSasha Cherny.
Umlawuli we "Pass" nguVladimir Tarasov, osele ekhankanywe izihlandlo ezininzi kule ngqokelela. UTarasov wafunda “Ilali” kwiphephancwadi elithi “Knowledge is Power” waza waba ngumbuzo wokuba ibutho labantu limele ntoni ngokwenene. Isiphumo saba yikhathuni eyoyikisayo kwaye enomdla enesiphelo esivulekileyo.
1989: “Kusenokubakho Izingwe Apha”
Kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba uJames Cameron enze i-Avatar, uRay Bradbury wabhala ibali elifutshane ngesihloko esifanayo. Inqanawa yabantu ifika kwiplanethi engahlaliyo ukuya kummbiwa izimbiwa. Ilizwe lasemzini elihle linengqondo kwaye libamkela ngobubele abantu basemhlabeni. Xa ummeli wenkampani exhasayo yolu hambo ezama ukuqalisa ukugrumba, iplanethi ithumela ingwe kuye. Olu hambo luyabaleka, lushiye i-cosmonaut enye eselula.
Oopopayi baseSoviet bakwazile ukudlulisela ibali lentanda-bulumko likaBradbury kwiscreen phantse ngaphandle kokungangqinelani. Kwikhathuni, inkokeli engendawo yolu hambo iyakwazi ukwenza ibhombu ngaphambi kokufa kwayo. Izilwanyana zasemhlabeni ziyazincama ukuze zisindise iplanethi: zilayisha ibhombu enqanaweni kwaye zibhabhe zimke. Isigxeko-ncomo sobukhapitali boburhalarhume besikhona kumbhalo wentsusa, ngoko ke kongezwa inguqulelo ephawulekayo ukongeza intshukumo kwiploti. Ngokungafaniyo ne "Ikhontrakthi," akukho ntsingiselo iphikisanayo ibonakala kule khathuni.
1991-1992: "IiVampires zeGeons"
Oopopayi baseSoviet abazange bafe ngoko nangoko ngokuwa koManyano. Ngama-90s, iikhathuni ezininzi zesayensi "zeSoviet" ngokucacileyo zakhululwa.
Ngowe-1991 no-1992, umlawuli Gennady Tishchenko wabonisa iikhathuni "Vampires of Geons" kunye "Masters of Geons". Wabhala iscript ngokwakhe, ngokusekelwe kwibali lakhe. Isicwangciso simi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umhloli weKomishoni yeCosmo-Ecological (KEC) uYanin uya kwiplanethi yeGeona. Apho, i-pterodactyls yendawo ("i-vampires") iluma iikholoni kwaye inqande inkxalabo ye-interstellar ekuphuhliseni idiphozithi zamaminerali. Kuyavela ukuba iplanethi imiwe; izidalwa ezikrelekrele zendawo zihlala ngaphantsi kwamanzi kwi-symbiosis kunye ne-vampires kunye nezinye izilwanyana. Inkxalabo iyasishiya isijikelezi-langa kuba imisebenzi yaso iyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Eyona nto ibalaseleyo yeekhathuni: abalinganiswa ababini baseMelika, ngokusekelwe kuArnold Schwarzenegger kunye noSylvester Stallone. Isigebenga esitsalwa ngesandla "Arnie" siyafana ne-hypertrophied comic book superheroes yee-90s. Ecaleni kwakhe, iYanin yaseRussia enentshebe ibonakala ngathi ngumntwana. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-Hollywood engalindelekanga "i-cranberry", umyalezo oyintloko wefilosofi wefilimu ulahlekile ngandlela-thile.
Iikhathuni bekufanele ukuba zibe luthotho olubizwa ngokuba yi "Star World". Ekupheleni kwesiqendu sesibini, uYanin uthe ngethemba lokuba abantu baya kubuyela eGeona, kodwa amazwi akhe ayengamiselwanga ukuba abe yinyaniso.
1994–1995: AMBA
Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kwe "Geon", uTishchenko wenza umzamo wesibini wokuqhubeka nesaga yendawo. Iziqendu ezibini zekhathuni ye-AMBA zichaza indlela isazinzulu esaphuhlisa ngayo indlela yokukhulisa izixeko kwi-biomass. Enye ilali enjalo, "AMBA" (Automorphic Bio-Architectural Ensemble), yakhuliswa kwintlango yaseMartian, kwaye enye yatyalwa kwiplanethi ekude. Unxibelelwano kunye neprojekthi lwaphazamiseka, kwaye umhloli uYanin, owayesele eqhelene nathi, wathunyelwa apho kunye neqabane elingachazwanga igama.
Isitayile sokubonwa kwefilimu saba ngakumbi "eNtshona". Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wahlala uthembekile kwikhosi yangaphambili yenzululwazi eqinileyo yaseSoviet. UTishchenko ungumlandeli wombhali wentsomi uIvan Efremov. Kwiikhathuni ezimbini ezimfutshane, umlawuli wazama ukubandakanya ingcamango yokuba kwixesha elizayo impucuko yezobuchwepheshe iya kufikelela ekupheleni (ngoko isihloko).
Bekukho iingxaki ezinzulu kumboniso; le yimeko eqhelekileyo xa kuxelwa okwenzekayo kunokuba kuboniswe. Kukho iimfazwe ezaneleyo kunye nobugorha kwisikrini, kodwa isantya seziganeko "sibuhlungu": okokuqala, amaqhawe ahlaselwa ngamathambo angaphandle, emva koko aphulaphule ngomonde ibali malunga nokuba zivela phi ezi ntente.
Mhlawumbi kwinxalenye yesithathu ye "Star World" kuya kuba nokwenzeka ukulahla iintsilelo zangaphambili. Ngelishwa, isithethe saseSoviet sanyamalala ngokupheleleyo kwinkulungwane entsha, ke ngoku zonke ezi khathuni ziyimbali.
Ngaba ikhathuni yakho oyithandayo ye-sci-fi ayenze ukuba ikhethe? Sixelele ngayo kwizimvo.
umthombo: www.habr.com