Inqaku Ndithembise ngolunye ulwesihlanu ukuba ndiza kuthetha ngendlela umhleli oyintloko we "Funny Pictures" waphantse watshiswa zizinambuzane - ngeyona ndlela yokwenyani yegama.
Namhlanje ngoLwesihlanu, kodwa okokuqala ndingathanda ukuthetha amagama ambalwa malunga "neMifanekiso eFunny" ngokwabo - le meko ikhethekileyo yokudala imidiya eyimpumelelo.
Le magazini inomhla wokuzalwa omiselweyo - ngoSeptemba 24, 1956. Ngaloo mini, ushicilelo lokuqala lwephephancwadi elithi "Imifanekiso ehlekisayo", iphephancwadi lokuqala laseSoviet labantwana abancinci, lapapashwa.
Ubawo owonwabileyo (nomkhulu) yayingummiselo wepati norhulumente “Ekuqulunqweni koncwadi lwabantwana namaphephancwadi abantwana,” owakhutshwa ekuqaleni kowe-1956. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuvela kwayo, inani leemagazini zabantwana kweli lizwe liphindwe kabini - sele ngoSeptemba, inkampani yongeza "i-Technician eNtsha", "i-Young Naturalist" kunye ne "Veselye Kartinki" kwinkampani "Murzilka", "Pioneer" kunye ne " Kostr”, epapashe imiba yabo yokuqala . Le yindlela eyayikhangeleka ngayo ekuqaleni.
Ukutsho ukuba eli nyathelo libe yimpumelelo akuthethi nto. Ukusasazwa kwe "Imifanekiso ehlekisayo" ngeyona ndlela ingcono yafikelela kwi-9 yezigidi ezingama-700 amawaka eekopi. Kwangaxeshanye, ayizange iphumelele nje - yayiyiprojekthi yemidiya enenzuzo kakhulu. Nangona ixabiso lepeni le-kopecks ezili-15, lazisa inzuzo enkulu kumsunguli wayo - iKomiti Ephakathi yeKomsomol. Abasebenzi beli phephancwadi babethanda ukuqhayisa ngokuthi “Imifanekiso Ehlekisayo” yodwa ifumene imali eninzi kunawo onke amaphephancwadi endlu yokushicilela yaseMolodaya Gvardiya.
Ziziphi izizathu zempumelelo?
Okokuqala, umgangatho omncinci weprojekthi. Kwinkolelo yam enzulu, zonke iimpumelelo zenziwa apho kungekho bhajethi enkulu, apho kungekho zicwangciso zokusasaza iimbasa, apho kungekho mntu ovela kwabasemagunyeni obizayo, obeka uxinzelelo okanye udonsa.
"Imifanekiso ehlekisayo" yenziwa njengeprojekthi encinci ye-niche apho kungekho mntu ulindele nantoni na ekhethekileyo. Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwesimo sengqondo somphathi yayiyiofisi yomhleli oyintloko. U-Ivan Semenov weza ku-VK esuka eKrokodil, apho umhleli-oyintloko wayeneofisi enkulu ye-nomenklatura ene "turntables". "KwiMifanekiso" wayene-closet encinci, eyabelana ngayo kunye necandelo leempendulo zempapasho, ngoko akazange adwebe nakwiofisi yakhe, kodwa waya kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo, apho kwakukho iitafile ezikhethekileyo zabaculi.
Okwesibini, inkululeko yokudala. "Imifanekiso ehlekisayo" yayikuphela kwempapasho e-USSR engazange ipapashwe. Onke amaphephancwadi apapashiweyo aziswa kubahloli eGlavlit, nkqu “neFama yeeNtlanzi kunye nokuLoba,” kwanephephancwadi elithi “Ikhonkrithi kunye neKonkrithi eQiniswayo.” Kwakukho into enjalo, kodwa yintoni? Ngoku uhleka, kodwa ukusasazwa, i-bai ze wei, ifikelele kwiikopi ezingamawaka angama-22, iwaka elinesiqingatha sazo zathengiswa ngemali yangaphandle kubabhalisi bamanye amazwe.
Kwaye akukho mntu uphethe "iMifanekiso ehlekisayo" naphi na.
Okwesithathu, inkokeli. Ngokwemigaqo yaloo minyaka, umhleli oyintloko kwakufuneka abe lilungu leqela. Ingxaki yayikukuba phantse akukho makomanisi phakathi kwamagcisa - ngawo onke amaxesha ayengabantu abakhululekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, igcisa elidumileyo u-Ivan Semenov, owayelilungu leqela, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo engenguye umkomanisi womsebenzi, waqeshwa njengomhleli oyintloko weMifanekiso ehlekisayo. U-Ivan Maksimovich wajoyina i-All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) ngaphambili ngowe-1941, xa amaJamani ayematsha ngasempuma, aza amakomanisi awayethinjiwe adutyulwa kwalapho.
Ngokutsho kweengxelo, lo matiloshe owayesakuba yinzwana nenzwana wayeyinkokeli efanelekileyo yabantu abanobuchule. Andizange ndibambe izandla, kwaye ndabuza kuphela ngesiphumo-kodwa apha ndibuze kabukhali. Kwaye wayenomgangatho omnye obalulekileyo wentloko yeprojekthi yeendaba - wayengumntu ozolileyo ngokungaqhelekanga. Kwakuphantse kube nzima ukumcaphukisa. Umculi u-Anatoly Mikhailovich Eliseev, owayesebenza kwi-VK ukususela ngosuku lokuqala, wandixelela imeko enjalo kudliwano-ndlebe.
USemyonov wayedume ngeengoma zakhe ezininzi, ezinje, umzekelo:
Ngenye imini, elinye lamagcisa eli phephancwadi leza nelaphu elikhokelayo elivela eFinland elithengwe “kwivenkile ehlekisayo” eyayingacaciswanga kwinto yokwenene. Sagqiba ekubeni sidlale i-prank kumhleli-oyintloko, owathi, njengesiqhelo, wayezoba kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo. Balinda de uSemenov waphantse wagqiba ukuqamba, wagcwalisa umbhobho wakhe waphuma waya kutshaya - kwaye wabeka i-blot kumzobo osele uphelile.
Semyonov ubuyile. Sabona. Wema njengentsika. Wahlafuna imilebe yakhe. Wawisa into emnyama nenzima, ngathi lilitye lomqolo: “Zimpundu!”
Wahambisa umzobo "owonakalisiweyo" kwitafile elandelayo, wancwina, wakhupha iphepha elingenanto kwaye, ekhangele ngakwesokudla, waqala ukudweba yonke into kwakhona.
Ngokubanzi, ndimoshakele abantu.
Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu kunokuzibandakanya neqela yayikukuba uSemenov, zombini ngokwemilinganiselo esemthethweni kunye nengekho semthethweni, wayethathwa njengomnye wawona magcisa emifanekiso yeencwadi elizweni kwaye ke wayengumntu onegunya kakhulu kwindawo yobuchwephesha.
"Kubi, mzalwana, uyabazi ooMagyar!” Umzobo ka-I. Semenov we “Ijoni elilungileyo u-Schweik”
Oku kwamvumela ukuba ahlanganise icandelo lesine lempumelelo - iqela. Sele kwinqaku lokuqala, imifanekiso ehlekisayo yatsalwa ngabona badwelisi bemifanekiso babantwana abagqwesileyo kweli lizwe: uKonstantin Rotov, owavela nenkangeleko yendoda endala uHottabych kunye noCaptain Vrungel, uAlexey Laptev, owazoba iDunno yakudala, uVladimir Suteev ( imifanekiso yakudala yeCipollino, nangona kutheni ndihlamba, ngubani ongamaziyo uSuteev?) , uAnatoly Eliseev okhankanywe ngasentla. Ngomnyaka wokuqala, badibaniswa no-Aminadav Kanevsky, uViktor Chizhikov, u-Anatoly Sazonov, u-Evgeny Migunov kunye neqela elipheleleyo leenkwenkwezi zokuqala.
Ewe, icandelo lokugqibela yiteknoloji yemveliso. Ukuvelisa iphephancwadi, uSemyonov wangenisa ngempumelelo kwaye wahlengahlengisa inkqubo "yengwenya" yokulungiselela imiba, eyakhelwe kumgaqo othi "ukuza neqhula kunye nokuzoba ihlaya ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wobuchopho." Hayi, kukho, okungafaniyo, njengoViktor Chizhikov, oweza kunye neeprojekthi zakhe ezininzi kwi-VK, eqala nge-debut ethi "Mayela nentombazana uMasha kunye nonodoli uNatasha," kodwa ngokubanzi ...
Le yindlela le nkqubo eyachazwa ngayo nguFelix Shapiro, umhleli wephephancwadi elithi “Imifanekiso Ehlekisayo” ukususela ngowe-1956 ukusa kowe-1993:
Phakathi kwabasebenzi beli phephancwadi kwakukho abo babizwa ngokuba “ngama-themists” - abo banobuchule bokuza namabali okuzoba kwaye banokwabelana ngawo nabanye. Iqela lethu lemixholo beliqaqambileyo. (Umzekelo, umlawuli odumileyo uAlexander Mitta waqala njengegcisa lomxholo "Imifanekiso ehlekisayo" - VN) Beza kwezo zibizwa ngokuba “ziintlanganiso zobumnyama” bephethe imizobo yabo. Iintlanganiso zaziqhutyelwa kwigumbi elinezitulo ezininzi netafile enye kuphela. U-Ivan Maksimovich wayehleli etafileni. Wajonga wonke umntu waza wabuza: “Kaloku, ngubani onesibindi?” Omnye wamagcisa anomxholo wayeza kuphuma amnike imizobo yawo. Wazibonisa wonke umntu okhoyo kwaye wabeka iliso kwindlela abasabela ngayo: ukuba abantu bayancuma, imizobo yayibekwe ecaleni. Ukuba akukho mpendulo, yiya kwenye.
Ngokwamabali, maxa wambi babephuma “kwiintlanganiso ezimnyama” behleka de babe nexhala. Kwaye ngokubanzi, ngokujonga iimemori, umoya wokusebenza "kwiMifanekiso eFunny" wawusikhumbuza kakhulu iStrugatskys '"ngoMvulo iqala ngoMgqibelo" - ngeziqhulo ezisebenzayo, ukuqhula, ukusela ngamaxesha athile kwiziselo ezidumileyo, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu - uthando olungakhathaliyo. umsebenzi wabo.
Benza elona phephancwadi labantwana libalaseleyo emhlabeni kwaye babengenakuzinza nantoni na engaphantsi.
Iphephancwadi apho, ngokomzekelo, amabali ahlekisayo eSoviet Union apapashwa kwasekuqaleni, yaye oku ayisosafobe. Nantsi into edumileyo kaSemenov ethi "Petya Ryzhik" kwinqaku lokuqala:
Iphephancwadi apho abaculi abagqwesileyo behlabathi abazange bathandabuze ukusebenzisana nabo: uJean Effel waseFransi, uRaoul Verdini wase-Italy, uHerluf Bidstrup waseDenmark.
Noko ke, maxa wambi intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe yayijika ibe ziingxaki ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1968, kwapapashwa umba olungenakulinganiswa "lweMifanekiso ehlekisayo".
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, yayiphi intsomi emsulwa yombhali waseCzech uVaclav Čtvrtek (bawabiza njani la magama okugqibela?) “Iibhugi ezimbini.” Nanku ke:
Kwaye yonke into yayiza kulunga, kodwa kwakulo mzuzu wokupapashwa kwephephancwadi apho i-"Prague Spring" eyaziwayo iphetha ngokusungulwa komkhosi ovela kumazwe e-socialist commonwealth ukuya eCzechoslovakia.
I-Operation Danube iqala, amaRashiya, iiPoles kunye naba bakhankanyiweyo baseMagyars baqhuba iitanki kwikomkhulu laseCzech, iCzechs yakha imiqobo, umda uYevtushenko uqamba umbongo othi "Amatanki ahamba ePrague," abaphikisi benza umboniso kwiRed Square, amazwi eentshaba abhomboloza ngokutshintshana. iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo, iKGB ime ezindlebeni kwaye kubonakala ngathi itshintshelwe kwindawo yokuhlala.
Kwaye ngeli xesha, "Imifanekiso Ehlekisayo" ixelela yonke iSoviet Union ukuba ngoku zininzi iintaka ePrague ezigqogqa izinambuzane zaseCzech kwaye ke kufuneka ziphume ePrague.
Ngaloo mihla, iintloko zazihamba ngaphantsi - "iTekhnoloji yoLutsha" yayiphantse ivalwe ngamaxesha amaninzi aseChernenkov emifuno.
“KwiMifanekiso ehlekisayo,” njengoko obona bukrelekrele sele buqikelelwe, isiphithiphithi esenzekayo sandiswa kukunqongophala kovavanyo. Ukuthumela umba kwindlu yokushicilela, ukutyikitya komhleli oyintloko kwakwanele.
Kodwa oku kwakuthetha ukuba naye, uya kuba noxanduva kuyo yonke into.
Njengoko abasebenzi bekhumbula, kangangeeveki ezimbini kwakungathi kulele umntu ofileyo kwiofisi yomhleli - wonke umntu wayeshukuma eludongeni ethetha yedwa esebeza. USemyonov wayehlala etshixiwe eofisini yakhe, ephula ukuvalwa kwakhe, etshaya ngokungapheziyo kwaye ekhohlisa ifowuni.
Emva koko baqala ukuphefumla kancinci kancinci.
Yavuthuza.
khange uqaphele.
Kwaye ukuba nabani na wabona, abazange bahluthe.
Sasiyithanda iphephancwadi likaSemyonov. Babeyithanda kakhulu. Bobabini abantwana kunye nabazali babo.
Ukuze kungapheli ngale ngqungquthela yeSoviet, amagama ambalwa malunga nengcamango eqaqambileyo kunye ne "Merry Men Club" kunye nomlingiswa odumileyo ka-Ivan Semyonov.
Kwakwinqanaba lokudala iphephancwadi, weza ne-mascot yephephancwadi-igcisa lemilingo eline-shaggy kwisigqoko esimnyama, i-blouse eluhlaza kunye nesaphetha esibomvu.
Kwaye ke bagqiba ekubeni bamfumanele inkampani - abalinganiswa abadumileyo basentsomini ababeza kuxhonywa kwigumbi ngegumbi. Ukuqulunqwa kokuqala kweKlabhu kwakunamalungu amahlanu kuphela: Karandash, Buratino, Cipollino, Petrushka kunye neGurvinek.
Kwaye kwinkupho yokuqala, abafundi abaselula baqalisa ukwaziswa kubo, beqala, ngokwemvelo, ngosihlalo osisigxina.
Ukuba amaqabane kaSemenov ayazi ukuba ingcamango yabo ehleliweyo, eyenziwe ngamadolo, iya kuba yinto yokwenyani yenkcubeko, ukuba iikhathuni ziya kwenziwa malunga ne "Merry Men Club" kunye namanqaku enzululwazi aya kubhalwa, ukuba izizukulwana ezininzi zabantu ziya kukhula kuyo. .
Abantu namhlanje bazoba ifilosofi, ndingathi, iicaricatures. Njengale ndiyibiza ngokuthi "Abaphilayo nabafileyo."
Ipensile eneenkwenkwezi kwiikhathuni ezintlanu,
waba ligorha leencwadi ezingenakubalwa,
Kuze kube namhlanje, ihleli i-mascot yephephancwadi elithi "Imifanekiso ehlekisayo" kunye neyona ndalo idumileyo yomculi wabantwana u-Ivan Semyonov.
Akumangalisi ukuba, ngokomzekelo, uViktor Chizhikov, owaqala ukusebenza kwi-"Mifanekiso ehlekisayo" njengomfundi owenza unyaka wesithathu kwi-Moscow Printing Institute, ngokungaguqukiyo watsala umfundisi-ntsapho wakhe ngomntu amthandayo. Umzekelo:
Okanye apha:
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kwelinye icala loMhlaba, eOstreliya, kuhlala iwele lePencil yethu. Kwakhona kwi-blouse kunye nesaphetha.
Ukulindela imibuzo engenakuphepheka - Ipensile yethu ineminyaka emithathu ubudala, igcisa lomlingo lase-Australia lavela kwi-1959. Igama lika-clone ngu-Mister Squiggle, kwaye wayeyinkwenkwezi yomboniso wegama elifanayo owawudlala kumabonakude wase-Australia iminyaka engamashumi amane, ukusuka kwi-1959 ukuya kwi-1999.
UMnu Squiggle ngunopopi onepensile endaweni yempumlo, owathi ekuqaleni wagqiba "imibhalo" ethunyelwe ngabantwana kwaye wayijika ibe yimizobo egcweleyo, kwaye yakhula yaba yiyure yakhe enesiqingatha umboniso kunye neendwendwe ezimenyiweyo kunye nekonsathi. amanani.
NgoFebruwari ka-2019, abantu base-Australia abanombulelo bakhuphe uthotho lwee-60 zeedola ukubhiyozela iminyaka engama-XNUMX yomlinganiswa wabo wobuntwana.
Kwaye iPencil yethu ayizange ifumane nesitampu sokuposa sesikhumbuzo sakhe.
Kuyo yonke inkumbulo yam kukho umbulelo ongazenzisiyo kuphela kubafundi bangaphambili be-Oktobha ngobuntwana obonwabileyo.
umthombo: www.habr.com