Umphuhlisi womthombo ovulekileyo wokuchwetheza uMatthew Butterick kunye noJoseph Saveri Law Firm bafake isimangalo (PDF) ngokuchasene nabenzi bobuchwephesha obusetyenziswa kwinkonzo ye-GitHub's Copilot. Abachasi babandakanya iMicrosoft, iGitHub kunye neenkampani ezijongene neprojekthi ye-OpenAI, eyavelisa imodeli yokuvelisa ikhowudi ye-OpenAI Codex ephantsi kweGitHub Copilot. Iinkqubo zizama ukubandakanya inkundla ekuqinisekiseni ukuba semthethweni kokudala iinkonzo ezifana ne-GitHub Copilot kunye nokugqiba ukuba ezo nkonzo ziphula amalungelo abanye abaphuhlisi.
Imisebenzi yabamangalelwa ifaniswe nokudalwa kohlobo olutsha lwesoftware yobuqhetseba, esekelwe ekwenziweni kwekhowudi ekhoyo kusetyenziswa ubuchule bokufunda ngomatshini kunye nokubavumela ukuba bazuze kumsebenzi wabanye abantu. Ukwenziwa kweCopilot kukwabonwa njengokungeniswa kwendlela entsha yokwenza imali ngomsebenzi wabaphuhlisi besoftware yemithombo evulekileyo, nangona iGitHub yayithembisile ngaphambili ukuba ayisoze iyenze le nto.
Isikhundla sabamangali sibilisa kwinto yokuba isiphumo sokwenziwa kwekhowudi ngenkqubo yokufunda ngomatshini oqeqeshwe kwimibhalo yemithombo ekhoyo yoluntu ayinakutolikwa njengomsebenzi omtsha nozimeleyo, kuba sisiphumo sokusetyenzwa kwe-algorithms esele ikhona ikhowudi. Ngokwabamangali, uCopilot uvelisa kuphela ikhowudi enezikhombisi ezithe ngqo kwikhowudi esele ikhona kwiindawo zokugcina zikawonke-wonke, kwaye ukukhwabanisa okunjalo akuweli phantsi kwemilinganiselo yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlanganiswa kwekhowudi kwi-GitHub Copilot kuqwalaselwa ngabamangali njengokudala umsebenzi ophuma kwikhowudi ekhoyo, ihanjiswe phantsi kweelayisensi ezithile kunye nababhali abathile.
Ngokukodwa, xa kuqeqeshwa inkqubo yeCopilot, kusetyenziswa ikhowudi esasazwa phantsi kweelayisensi ezivulekileyo, kwiimeko ezininzi ezifuna isaziso sobubhali (i-attribution). Le mfuneko ayifezeki xa uvelisa ikhowudi yesiphumo, nto leyo ichasene ngokucacileyo namaphepha-mvume omthombo ovulekileyo afana ne-GPL, i-MIT kunye ne-Apache. Ukongeza, uCopilot waphula imimiselo yenkonzo kunye nemfihlo yeGitHub, ayihambisani neDMCA, ethintela ukususwa kolwazi lwelungelo lokushicilela, kunye neCCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act), elawula ukuphathwa kwedatha yomntu.
Umbhalo wesimangalo unika uqikelelo lokubala lomonakalo owenziwe kuluntu ngenxa yemisebenzi yeCopilot. Ngokungqinelana neCandelo le-1202 loMthetho weMillennium Copyright Act (DMCA), owona monakalo omncinci yi-$ 2500 ngokuphulwa komthetho. Uthathela ingqalelo into yokuba inkonzo Copilot inabasebenzisi 1.2 million kwaye ixesha ngalinye inkonzo isetyenziswa, ukwaphulwa ezintathu DMCA kwenzeka (attribution, copyright kunye nemiqathango yelayisensi), isixa esincinane umonakalo iyonke kuqikelelwa 9 billion zeerandi (1200000 * 3 * $2500).
Umbutho wamalungelo oluntu iSoftware Freedom Conservancy (SFC), ekhe wayigxeka ngaphambili iGitHub kunye noCopilot, ihlomle ngesimangalo ngesindululo sokungaphambuki komnye wemigaqo echazwe ngaphambili xa kukhuselwa umdla woluntu - “unyanzeliso olujolise eluntwini kufuneka hayi ukubeka phambili inzuzo yemali.” Ngokutsho kwe-SFC, izenzo ze-Copilot azamkelekanga ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuba zijongela phantsi indlela ye-copyleft, ejolise ekunikeni amalungelo alinganayo kubasebenzisi, abaphuhlisi kunye nabathengi. Uninzi lweeprojekthi eziqukwa kuCopilot zisasazwa phantsi kweelayisensi ezikhutshelweyo, ezifana neGPL, ezifuna ukuba ikhowudi yemisebenzi ephumayo isasazwe phantsi kwelayisensi ehambelanayo. Ngokufaka ikhowudi esele ikho njengoko kucetyiswe nguCopilot, abaphuhlisi banokuthi bengaqondanga baphule ilayisenisi yeprojekthi apho ikhowudi ibolekwe khona.
Masikhumbule ukuba ehlotyeni i-GitHub yasungula inkonzo entsha yorhwebo, i-GitHub Copilot, eqeqeshwe kuluhlu lwemibhalo yemithombo eposwe kwiindawo zokugcina zikawonke-wonke ze-GitHub, kwaye iyakwazi ukuvelisa uyilo olusemgangathweni xa ubhala ikhowudi. Inkonzo inokuvelisa iibhloko ezintsonkothileyo nezinkulu zekhowudi, ukuya kuthi ga kwimisebenzi esele yenziwe enokuphinda iivesi ezibhaliweyo kwiiprojekthi ezikhoyo. Ngokutsho kweGitHub, inkqubo izama ukuphinda iqulunqe ikhowudi kunokuba ikopi ikhowudi ngokwayo, nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-1% yamatyala, isindululo esicetywayo singabandakanya ikhowudi yeeprojekthi ezikhoyo ezingaphezulu kweempawu ze-150 ubude. Ukuthintela ukutshintshwa kwekhowudi esele ikhona, iCopilot inesihluzi esakhelwe ngaphakathi esijonga iindlela zokuhlangana kunye neeprojekthi ezigcinwe kwiGitHub, kodwa esi sihluzo sivulwe ngokokubona komsebenzisi.
Kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba ityala lifakwe, i-GitHub ibhengeze injongo yayo yokuphumeza into ngo-2023 eya kuvumela ukulandelwa kobudlelwane phakathi kwamaqhekeza aveliswe kwiCopilot kunye nekhowudi ekhoyo kwiindawo zokugcina. Abaphuhlisi baya kukwazi ukujonga uluhlu lwekhowudi efanayo esele ikhona kwiindawo zokugcina zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokuhlela ukuhlangana ngekhowudi yelayisensi kunye nexesha lokuguqulwa.
umthombo: opennet.ru