Imakethi yeenkonzo zamafu eRussia ngokwemigaqo yezemali ayibaleli ipesenti enye yeengeniso zamafu zizonke emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, abadlali bamazwe ngamazwe bavela ngamaxesha athile, bevakalisa umnqweno wabo wokukhuphisana kwindawo elangeni laseRashiya. Yintoni onokuyilindela ngo-2019? Ngezantsi kokusikwa ngumbono kaKonstantin Anisimov, i-CEO .
Ngo-2019, i-Dutch Leaseweb yabhengeza umnqweno wayo wokubonelela ngeenkonzo zefu zikawonke-wonke kunye nezabucala, iiseva ezinikezelweyo, i-colocation, inethiwekhi yokuhanjiswa komxholo (CDN) kunye nokhuseleko lolwazi eRashiya. Oku kwenzeka ngaphandle kobukho babadlali abaphambili bamazwe aphesheya apha (Alibaba, Huawei kunye ne-IBM).
Kwi-2018, imarike yeenkonzo zefu yaseRashiya ikhule nge-25% xa kuthelekiswa ne-2017 kwaye yafikelela kwi-RUB 68,4 billion. Umthamo we-market ye-IaaS ("infrastructure as a service"), ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-12 ukuya kwi-16 yezigidigidi zee-ruble. Ngo-2019, amanani anokuba phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-20 yeebhiliyoni zeeruble. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umthamo wemarike ye-IaaS yehlabathi ngo-2018 yayimalunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-30 zeedola. Kule nto, phantse isiqingatha sengeniso ivela kwi-Amazon. Enye i-25% ithathwa ngabadlali abakhulu behlabathi (i-Google, iMicrosoft, i-IBM kunye ne-Alibaba). Isabelo esiseleyo sivela kubadlali bamazwe ngamazwe abazimeleyo.
Ikamva liqala namhlanje
Kuthembisa kangakanani ulwalathiso lwamafu kwizinto zokwenyani zaseRashiya kwaye ukukhuselwa kombuso kunokunceda okanye kuthintele njani? Umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukunyanzela iinkampani zikarhulumente ukuba zishiye ngokupheleleyo izisombululo zesoftware kunye nezixhobo. Kwelinye icala, izithintelo ezinjalo ziya kuthintela ukhuphiswano kwaye zibeke iinkampani zikarhulumente kwiimeko ezicacileyo ezingalinganiyo kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo. Namhlanje, ngakumbi kwi-fintech, ukhuphiswano lusekwe kwitekhnoloji. Kwaye ukuba, umzekelo, iibhanki zombuso kufuneka zikhethe kungekhona ezona zisombululo zobuchwepheshe, kodwa kuphela abo banokubhaliswa kweRashiya, nayiphi na ibhanki yorhwebo ekhuphisanayo iya kufuneka ibethe izandla kwaye ibukele indlela isabelo semarike siphumelele ngayo ngokumangalisayo.
Ngexabiso Imarike yeenkonzo zefu yaseRashiya iya kukhula ngomndilili we-23% ngonyaka kwiminyaka ezayo kwaye inokufikelela kwi-RUB 2022 yebhiliyoni ekupheleni kuka-155. Ngaphezu koko, asingenisi kuphela, kodwa sithumela ngaphandle kweenkonzo zefu. Isabelo sabathengi bangaphandle kwingeniso yababoneleli bamafu basekhaya yi-5,1%, okanye i-ruble eyi-2,4 yebhiliyoni, kwicandelo le-SaaS. Ingeniso kwi-Infrastructure njengecandelo leNkonzo (i-IaaS, iiseva, ukugcinwa kwedatha, uthungelwano, iinkqubo zokusebenza kwifu, apho abathengi basebenzise ukuhambisa kunye nokuqhuba izisombululo zabo zesoftware) kubathengi bamazwe angaphandle kunyaka odlulileyo i-2,2%, okanye i-RUB 380 yezigidi. .
Ngokwenyani, sineengqikelelo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lwemarike yeenkonzo zamafu eRussia. Kwelinye icala, ukubekwa wedwa kunye nekhosi ejolise ekuthatheni indawo yeenkonzo zangaphandle ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kwelinye, imarike evulekileyo kunye namabhongo okuloyisa ihlabathi. Sisiphi isicwangciso esinamathuba amakhulu eRashiya? Andifuni ukucinga ukuba yeyokuqala kuphela.
Ziziphi iingxoxo zabaxhasi "zocingo lwedijithali" ezixineneyo? Ukhuseleko lwesizwe, ukukhuselwa kwemarike yasekhaya kulwandiso lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenkxaso yabadlali abaphambili basekhaya. Wonke umntu unokubona umzekelo weTshayina kunye ne-Alibaba Cloud. Urhulumente wenza iinzame ezininzi zokuqinisekisa ukuba abafana basekhaya bahlala kwilizwe labo ngaphandle kokhuphiswano.
Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zaseTshayina aziphelelanga kumabhongo asekhaya, kwaye amava azo abonisa ukuba le sesona sicwangciso sifanelekileyo. Namhlanje, ilifu le-Alibaba sele liyesithathu kwihlabathi. Ngapha koko, amaTshayina azele amabhongo okususa iAmazon kunye neMicrosoft kwisiseko sabo. Ngapha koko, sibona ukuvela “kwelifu elikhulu lesithathu.”
ERashiya emafini
Ngawaphi amathuba iRussia inawo ngokungathí sina nangokusisigxina kwimephu yehlabathi jikelele? Kukho abadwelisi benkqubo abanetalente kunye neenkampani kweli lizwe ezinokubonelela ngemveliso ekhuphisanayo. Abadlali abatsha abanamabhongo anzulu, anje ngeRostelecom, Yandex kunye ne-Mail.ru, enobuchule obufanelekileyo betekhnoloji, basandula ukujoyina ugqatso lwamafu. Ngaphezu koko, ndilindele idabi lokwenyani, ewe, hayi phakathi kwamafu, kodwa phakathi kwenkqubo yendalo. Kwaye apha, kungekhona iinkonzo ezisisiseko ze-IaaS, kodwa izizukulwana ezitsha zeenkonzo zefu - i-microservices, i-edge computing kunye ne-serverless - iya kufika phambili. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, inkonzo esisiseko ye-IaaS sele iphantse yaba "yinto yorhwebo" kwaye zininzi kuphela iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo zelifu eziya kukuvumela ukuba ubophe ngokuqinileyo umsebenzisi kuyo. Kwaye intsimi yeli dabi elizayo yi-Intanethi yezinto, izixeko ezihlakaniphile kunye nezihlakaniphile, kwaye kwixesha elizayo, iimoto ezingenamqhubi.
Ziziphi iingenelo zokukhuphisana ezinokunikelwa ziinkampani zaseRashiya kwaye ngaba banawo nawaphi na amathuba? Ukuqwalasela ukuba imarike yaseRashiya ingomnye wabambalwa ehlabathini abangazange banikezele kwingcinezelo yeGoogle kunye ne-Amazon, ngoko ndiyakholelwa ukuba kukho amathuba. Imfundo yethu inokuba neyona milinganiselo ilungileyo yexabiso / umgangatho emhlabeni, ukusondela kwethu kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, amava aqokelelweyo ekwenzeni ishishini, kubandakanywa namazwe ngamazwe (emva koko, kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo kwakungekho mava anjalo ngokomgaqo), kwaye safumana amava ukudala iimveliso ze-IT ezikumgangatho wehlabathi (i-AmoCRM, i-Bitrix24, iVeeam, i-Acronis, i-Dodo, i-Tinkoff, i-Cognitive - zininzi kakhulu kuzo) - zonke ezi zizibonelelo ezinokusinceda kukhuphiswano lwehlabathi. Kwaye isivumelwano sakutshanje phakathi kweYandex kunye ne-Hyundai Motors kwintsebenziswano kwintsimi yezithuthi ezingenabantu yongeza kuphela ukuzithemba ukuba iinkampani zaseRashiya zikwazi kwaye zifanele zilwele inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-cloud pie yehlabathi.
Imeko "yokuhlaliswa" kweenkonzo ze-IT zehlabathi ngokuhambelana neemfuno zomthetho wesizwe nazo zidlala ezandleni zeenkampani zaseRashiya. Oorhulumente belizwe abavuyiswa kwaphela ngokulawula kweenkonzo zaseMelika kwimimandla yabo, kwaye irekhodi yonyaka odlulileyo i-5 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni zokuhlawula i-Google eYurophu bubungqina obucacileyo boku. I-GDPR yaseYurophu okanye isiRashiya "uMthetho wokuGcinwa kweeNkcukacha zoMntu," umzekelo, ngoku uneemfuno ezicacileyo ezicacileyo apho idatha yomsebenzisi igcinwa khona. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkonzo zasekhaya ziya kuba nezinto ezikhethwayo ezithile kwaye nabadlali abancinci kakhulu baya kukwazi ukukhuphisana neenkampani zehlabathi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwabo, ukukwazi ukusebenzisana, ukuguquguquka kunye nesantya. Into ephambili kukuba uzibekele iinjongo ezinjalo, ukuba ube namabhongo kungekhona nje "ukuzikhusela" ngokungapheliyo kukhuphiswano lwehlabathi, kodwa nokuba uthathe inxaxheba ngokunyanisekileyo kuyo.
Yintoni endiyilindeleyo ngokwam kwimarike yeenkonzo zefu eRashiya naseYurophu ngo-2019?
Eyona nto isisiseko kunye nephambili kukuba siya kuqhubeka nokuhlanganisa imarike. Kwaye kule nyaniso, eneneni, kuvela iindlela ezimbini.
Eyokuqala yiteknoloji. Ukuhlanganiswa kuya kuvumela abadlali abakhokelayo ukuba bagxininise ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni nasekuphunyezweni kobuchwephesha obutsha kumafu. Ngokukodwa, inkampani yam ibandakanyeka kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yekhompyuter engena-server kwaye ndiyazi ukuba ngo-2019 siza kubona uninzi lweeprojekthi ezinjalo kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo. I-monopoly ye-Amazon enkulu emithathu, i-Google kunye ne-Microsoft ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo zekhomputha ezingenamncedisi iya kuqala ukuwa, kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba abadlali baseRashiya baya kuthatha inxaxheba kule nto.
Okwesibini, kwaye mhlawumbi kubaluleke ngakumbi, ukudibanisa kumisela ikhosi ecacileyo ecacileyo ngokubhekiselele kumxhasi, kuba iinkokeli zemarike zenza oku kakuhle kwaye, ukuba ufuna ukuhlala kwimarike, kufuneka uhambelane neendlela zayo. Umxhasi wale mihla akafuni kuphela iinkonzo zefu eziphuculweyo, kodwa kunye nomgangatho wokubonelela ngezi nkonzo ezifanayo. Ke ngoko, iiprojekthi ezikwaziyo ukufumana ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwenzuzo yazo kunye nezinto ezinomdla kakhulu kumthengi zinalo lonke ithuba lokuphumelela. Ukwenza umntu, ukulungeleka kunye nokulula kwemveliso kuyanda ukudlala indima ephambili. Abasebenzisi bamafu bafuna ukuqonda ukuba yintoni umphumo wenkonzo kwishishini labo, kutheni kufuneka bayenze, kunye nendlela yokuchitha ixesha elincinane kunye nemali kuyo ngokusemandleni. "Iyadi" yemveliso yakho inokuba nzima kwaye iqhubele phambili ngobuchwephesha, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kufuneka kube lula kwaye kungabinamthungo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu koko, lo mkhwa usasazeke nakwiinkonzo "ezinzima" zenkampani, apho i-VMWare kunye nabanye abafana bendabuko baye balawula ixesha elide. Ngoku ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka benze indawo. Kwaye oku kulungile kwishishini kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kubathengi.
umthombo: www.habr.com