Kukho ukungaqondi kakuhle kwiimarike ukuba imisebenzi yenkxaso yeyabafundi abangenamava kuphela. Bathi eli linyathelo lokuqala, kwaye umsebenzi wakho wexesha elizayo uya kukhula "kuxhomekeke ku...". Ngokwenza, ingcali yenkxaso efanelekileyo, njengomzekelo, umvavanyi olungileyo, ukubiza. Zombini ikhondo lomsebenzi kunye nokukhula komvuzo kunokwenzeka apha.
Uhlalutyo lwemarike kubaphuhlisi Okdesk.
Sinxibelelana mihla le nabantu abaninzi ababonelela ngenkxaso yabathengi kunye nenkonzo yabathengi, kwaye siye saba nomdla wokuqonda ukuba imarike yezithuba zaseRussia injani kule ndawo. Yintoni "umthengi" kunye "nenkxaso yobugcisa"? Yintoni umahluko? Ngawaphi “amanqanaba” obuchule? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukufumana imali kule nto kwaye ingakanani? Iimpendulo ezivela kwisifundo sokuqala esinjalo zingaphantsi kwe-cut. Ukuba umntu uvila kakhulu ukufunda, ngoko ke amanani abalulekileyo kunye nezigqibo zisekupheleni kolu papasho.
Amanqaku ambalwa abalulekileyo ngaphambi kokufunda
- Iingxelo ezivulekileyo ezisemthethweni "zabasebenzi babasebenzi" kule nxalenye azizange zihlaziywe ixesha elide - i-SuperJob inedatha yakutshanje ye-2013 (ngaphambi koko - ngo-2011), ngoko siya kuxhomekeka kwimithombo ye-2: ingxelo "esemthethweni" ekhankanywe kunye nokukhangela kwethu kwi-database ye-Yandex Umsebenzi odibanisa idatha evela kwiiphothali zabasebenzi abahlukeneyo (ukusukela ngoJulayi-Agasti 2017).
- Uqikelelo lobungakanani obunikiweyo (isabelo sezithuba, ngokuxhomekeke kumava, njl. njl.) lwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwinani leenkampani, hayi izibhengezo. Sikholelwa ukuba oku akuzange kuchaphazele ukuchaneka, njengoko inani leentengiso lingenayo nayiphi na intsingiselo: ezinye iinkampani zithumela izibhengezo ezininzi ukuze zivale isithuba esinye, ezinye zithumela intengiso enye ukuze ziqeshe isebe lonke. Oko kukuthi, ngokuqinisekileyo asizange sazise nayiphi na impazamo eyongezelelweyo.
- Lilonke, izithuba zeenkampani ze-1025 kulo lonke elaseRashiya zaqwalaselwa, apho i-930, xa ipapashwe, ichaza iziphakamiso zabo njengenxalenye ye-IT. Imivuzo kwiintengiso iboniswe kuphela kwiinkampani ze-436 (394 ezivela kwi-IT), kodwa akusoloko kucacile kwisicatshulwa seentengiso ukuba inani lipapashwe ngaphambi okanye emva kweerhafu (ezimhlophe okanye ezingwevu). Xa sikhankanya amanani kweli nqaku, sicinge ukuba le yingeniso efunyanwa ngumqeshwa ngokobuqu. Nangona kunjalo, siya kuhlala ngakumbi kwimivuzo "enemibala emininzi" ekupheleni kwesi sithuba.
Ukuba impendulo yoluntu ilungile, siya kuzama ukwenza uphononongo olunjalo rhoqo, kwaye siya kusebenzisa izimvo zakho njengomthombo wedatha yokuqala.
Ulwahlulo lwenkxaso
Ngaphambi kokuthetha ngengeniso, kuyimfuneko ukubeka irekhodi ngqo kumba wesigama.
Inkxaso inokwahlulwa ngokurhabaxa:
- "Ubuchwephesha". Oko kukuthi, enye apho kugxininiswe ngokukodwa ekusombululeni iingxaki zobugcisa (ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neziseko zophuhliso, isoftware exhaswayo okanye ezinye izixhobo).
- "UmThengi" (Inkonzo yoMthengi okanye iNkxaso yoMthengi). Enye apho ugxininiso oluphambili kukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Olu hlobo lwenkxaso luthandwa kakhulu kwi-b2c. Kwaye le nxalenye yenkxaso ijolise ekwakheni ubudlelwane bexesha elide kunye nabasebenzisi abangenabuntu. Isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko kwiibhanki, kwiivenkile ze-intanethi, njl.
Ngokuzimeleyo kule nto, siyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwenkxaso yangaphakathi nangaphandle, nangona kwilizwe lethu kusenzima ukuhlukanisa "inkxaso yangaphakathi" njengayo nayiphi na into ngaphandle kwe "technical".
Sabhala ngakumbi malunga nokuhlelwa kwenkxaso kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezenzelwe nganye yezi klasi и .
Kukwabalulekile ukuba ii-arhente zokugaya abasebenzi ezipapasha ukuqalisa kwakhona, izithuba kunye nohlalutyo alufane luhlukanise le mimandla yomsebenzi, lubiza yonke into ngokuthi "inkxaso yobugcisa" kwaye isasaza abagqatswa kuphela ngetayitile yemisebenzi esesikweni. Ngexesha lokuhlalutya kweYandex.Works inikezela Sifumene kuphela iinkampani ezingama-48 ezinezithuba ezihambelana nemibuzo "inkxaso yabathengi" / "inkxaso yomthengi". Ngaphezu koko, ezinye zezithuba (kwiinkampani ezisi-7) ngokwenene zithetha ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yenkxaso yobugcisa, ezinye iinkampani ezili-9 zasebenzisa eli gama ukukhangela intloko yeziko lonxibelelwano okanye isebe elifanayo lenkxaso yobugcisa.
Kwimarike yaseNtshona (ngakumbi kule post elandelayo), unokubona ulwahlulo olucacileyo lwezithuba zabaxumi kunye nezobugcisa. Kwangaxeshanye, iimfuno zabaviwa zahluke ngokumangalisayo. Kwinkxaso yabathengi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ube "yingqondo yengqondo" kwaye ukwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle. Ulwazi olukhethekileyo lubalulekile kwinkxaso yobugcisa. Kwaye "i-techies" abathanda kwaye bayazi indlela yokunxibelelana nabathengi ngokuqhelekileyo baxabisa ubunzima babo kwigolide.
"Itheyibhile yoluhlu" ukusuka kumagosa abasebenzi
Ukongeza kumahluko acacileyo phakathi kwezikhundla (umqhubi / ingcali / injineli / umphathi), ii-arhente zokugaya zisebenzisa ukuhlelwa okusekelwe kuxanduva oluchazwe kwisithuba kunye neemfuno zolwazi kunye namava omsebenzi. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlelwa kwabo ngamanqanaba kubhidaniswa kunye nolwahlulo kwimigca yenkxaso ngaphakathi kwenkampani ethile. Kodwa kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo ezi ngcamango azikwazi ukuxutywa. Imigca yenkxaso ngaphakathi kwenkampani imalunga neenkqubo zoshishino, ezihlala zikhethekileyo kwinkampani nganye, kwaye “amanqanaba” abasebenzi amalunga nobuchule kunye namava engcali.
"Umgca wokuqala wenkxaso" okanye izikhundla zokuqala
Ngokuchaseneyo ne-disclaimer engentla, ukuchongwa kwenqanaba lokuqala lomsebenzi kunye nomgca wokuqala wenkxaso yobugcisa ngokweenkqubo zoshishino kwamkelekile. Umgca wokuqala wenkxaso uneemfuno ezincinci zolwazi olukhethekileyo; ngokufanelekileyo, ufuna abantu abanamava kunye nobuchule obuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, imivuzo iphantsi apha.
Phakathi kweemfuno eziqhelekileyo:
- ukuqonda ngokubanzi "i-hardware" (umzekelo, i-PC hardware, i-peripherals kunye nezixhobo zeofisi, ukuba sithetha ngenkxaso ye-IT);
- ukuzithoba
- ukuchasana noxinzelelo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezimisela amandla okunxibelelana ngokwaneleyo nabasebenzisi.
Kweli nqanaba akukho mfuneko yemfundo ephakamileyo, kwaye ulwimi lwasemzini phantse alufuneki (ngaphandle kwezinto ezinqabileyo).
Umgca wokuqala wenkxaso. Imivuzo
Ngokwesiqhelo imivuzo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisixeko apho umqeshi akhoyo. Uninzi lwabo luseMoscow, ubuncinci kubo bonke (phakathi kwezixeko ezikhulu) eVolgograd.
Ngo-2013, kweli nqanaba umntu unokuthembela kwingeniso ye-ruble eyi-11 ukuya kuma-25 amawaka. Ngalo mzuzu phakathi kwezithuba ezinemivuzo epapashiweyo, isithembiso siyahluka ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-35 lamawaka eeruble.
Ngokusesikweni, kukho izithuba kwimarike kunye nomyinge ophezulu womvuzo ophezulu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokufunda umxholo wabo kuyacaca ukuba bangamanqanaba aphezulu - bafuna amava omsebenzi kwiinkalo ezinxulumeneyo, izakhono ezingezona eziqhelekileyo okanye imfundo ethile. Kunzima ukuba bathathele ingqalelo kwizibalo ngokubanzi.
Esinye isilumkiso - “kweli nqanaba” kuphela yi-45% yezithuba zengqesho eziqulethe ulwazi ngemivuzo. A Lilonke, i-20% ibonelela ngemisebenzi ngaphandle kwamava kuzo zonke izithuba ezipapashiweyo zenkxaso yobugcisa.
Inqanaba "Saqubha, siyazi"
Ukuqwalasela izicatshulwa zezithuba ezipapashiweyo, izikhundla "kwinqanaba lesibini", iminyaka eyi-1-2 yamava omsebenzi iyadingeka, kodwa iingcali ezingenawo amava kwinkxaso yobugcisa nazo zinokusifaka isicelo. Nangona kunjalo, kulo mzekelo, amava kwiindawo ezinxulumeneyo, umzekelo, ekuthengiseni naziphi na izixhobo, kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-SuperJob kwiminyaka emine edlulileyo, kweli nqanaba, iingcali zingathembela kwingeniso ye-15 ukuya kuma-30 amawaka eeruble..
"Ingcali" yenkxaso yobugcisa
Ngokwemigaqo ye-SuperJob, abaviwa bafikelela kweli nqanaba emva konyaka womsebenzi kunye nolwazi olusisiseko "lolawulo":
- ukukwazi ukufumana iimpazamo;
- ukuqonda ukusebenza kweenkqubo zekhompyutha kunye nothungelwano;
- Amava okufaka kunye nokuqwalasela ihardware kunye nesoftware.
Imfuneko yemfundo ephakamileyo ibonakala rhoqo kwiintengiso. Ulwazi lwesiNgesi - ngakumbi ukufunda amaxwebhu.
Izibalo ezivela kwiminyaka emine edlulileyo zibonisa ingeniso kwi-16 ukuya kwi-42 lamawaka eeruble. Idatha yangoku evela kwiYandex.Works - ukusuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-100 lamawaka eeruble, kuxhomekeke kwisixeko kunye nesabelo somsebenzi "admin".
ngoko ke kukho izithuba ezimbalwa ezinomvuzo ongaphezu kwama-60 amawaka eeruble, ngoko ke, olu luhlu olubanzi alufanele lulahlekise: i-70-100 lamawaka eeruble kule nxalenye ifunyenwe "iinkwenkwezi".
Kwinani elipheleleyo lezithuba zenkxaso, i-57% ilindele iminyaka eyi-1-2 yamava, i-11% ilindele iminyaka eyi-3-5 yamava. AMAVA ANGAPHEZULU afuneka kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga (ngexesha lohlalutyo, zizithuba ezi-3 kuphela ekulindeleke ukuba abaviwa babe neminyaka engaphezu kwe-6 yamava).
Ukusuka ezulwini ukuya emhlabeni okanye imeko yokwenyani
Abaqeshi abaninzi abakhulu - iinkampani ezinokunika umvuzo olungileyo okanye amathemba amakhulu - azibonisi mivuzo kwiintengiso, zikhetha ukubiza ixabiso lokugqibela emva konxibelelwano lobuqu kunye nomviwa.
Ngokutsho kweSangqa sam, malunga nesithuba ngasinye sesihlanu kwicandelo le-IT aliqulathanga idatha yomvuzo - kwaye le yi-20% yemarike.! Ngendlela, ukuba awuthembeli kwiinombolo ze-HR ezivela kwiimpapasho, kodwa uvule i-Yandex.Work, emva koko kwiinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-1000 ezinikezela ngemisebenzi yenkxaso yobugcisa eRashiya, Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sezithuba zengqesho ezinedatha yemivuzo ezipapashiweyo (kuvavanyo lwethu - kancinci ngaphezu kwama-400).
Hi ndlela leyi, iinkcukacha-manani zee-arhente eziqeshayo zibandakanya nokuba ngamashishini andisa inkxaso yobugcisa (ukufumana abasebenzi abatsha) okanye amacandelo eshishini aphawulwa ngotshintsho olukhulu lwabasebenzi. Yiyo loo nto imivuzo ephantsi kakhulu kwimarike yonke - uninzi lweenkcukacha-manani lubhekiselele ngokukodwa kuluhlu lwamaxabiso aphantsi (imivuzo yeengcali zodidi lokuqala ibandakanyiwe kwiingxelo ezinobunzima obukhulu).
Izinto ezongezelelweyo
Umvuzo womqeshwa awusoloko ubonakaliswa ngemali kuphela. Ukungabikho komvuzo ngamanye amaxesha kubuyekezwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezihlawulelwayo - i-inshurensi yezempilo ngokuzithandela, isidlo sasemini, izithuthi zenkampani ukusuka kwi-metro, iiklabhu zokufaneleka, izifundo zesiNgesi kunye nolunye uqeqesho.
Uninzi lweenkampani zikhetha "ukukhulisa" inkxaso yobugcisa ngokwabo. Kule meko, imigaqo yokuqeshwa kwezithuba ezivulekileyo iyahluka ekuqaleni. Okukhona kucetywa ukuqeqesha abaviwa, kokukhona kusiba sezantsi iimfuno zamava nolwazi kwinqanaba lokwamkelwa, kwaye kokukhona usezantsi umvuzo owawuthenjiswe ekuqaleni. Kwimarike yabasebenzi kwezona zixeko zikhulu unokuhlala ufumana izibonelelo ezininzi zoqeqesho olungahlawulwanga ngokupheleleyo. Isibonelelo somvuzo kumgqatswa oqeqeshiweyo (ukuba indibaniselwano yeemeko eziyimpumelelo) iya kwenziwa kuphela ekugqityweni kwe-internship.
Imivuzo enemibala emininzi
Enye inkalo luqoqosho. Imivuzo yabantsundu nengwevu ikhona, kwaye ukuthandwa kwabo (ngokwee-arhente ezifanayo zokufuna abasebenzi) kuyakhula nangona zonke iinzame zikarhulumente “zokulicoca” ishishini. Akunakwenzeka ukucebisa naluphi na ulwabiwo olucacileyo lwemivuzo kuthathelwa ingqalelo lo mba.
Inkxaso yobugcisa obukude kunye nentsebenziswano
Kukho abasebenzi abaninzi "abakude". Ngendlela, e-USA, ngokwe-avareji, ezo ngcali zenkxaso yezobuchwepheshe zifumana nangaphezulu kunabo basebenza eofisini. Ngokwesiseko asinazo naziphi na iinkcukacha-manani zomsebenzi ezikude. Siyazi kuphela ukuba kukho ii-3-4 amaxesha amaninzi iimpendulo kwizithuba ezikude, oko kukuthi. kukho imfuneko ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi onjalo. Kwangaxeshanye, kuluntu lweshishini le-IT, ngokutsho kwe "My Circle", sele sele wonke umntu wesithathu esebenza kude.
Kwimarike yabasebenzi baseRashiya basathanda ukugcina ekutsaleni iingcali ezinqabileyo ngokuqesha "abaqhubi bemishini emininzi". Ngokomzekelo, ukuxhaswa kwabathengi ngamanye amaxesha kudibaniswa nokuthengisa. Ngenxa yoko, iintengiso zibonakala ngokuqeshwa kwabathengisi abanezakhono zokulawula / zenkxaso kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, abalawuli abanakho ukuthengisa nokuxhasa. Akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo imivuzo yabasebenzi abanjalo kwiinkcukacha-manani ngokubanzi.
Kwelinye icala, iingcali ezininzi eziqeqeshiweyo, njengoko sabhalayo, zisebenza imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye, kwaye eli lelinye ithuba lokunyusa umvuzo wabo.
Isiphumo sohlalutyo ngumfanekiso opheleleyo
Nangona amanani athile ehlala etshintsha, iindlela eziqhelekileyo malunga nokuqeshwa kweengcali zenkxaso yobugcisa zihlala.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi weengcali ezinjalo uqala kumasebe ngokuchazwa okungqongqo okanye okungaphantsi koxanduva - apho unokugxininisa umgca wokuqala kunye nemisebenzi elula (kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, iimfuno ezincinci zolwazi lomviwa). Ezi zinokuba ngamaziko okufowunela ababoneleli be-Intanethi okanye izakhiwo ezifanayo. Apha abajongi ngakumbi kulwazi, kodwa kwizakhono "zendalo yonke" kunye nezakhono:
- ukumelana noxinzelelo,
- ukufunda nokubhala,
- imbeko,
- uqeqesho,
- intetho enyulu.
Nokuba ezi parameters azichazwanga kwisibhengezo, ngenye indlela okanye enye, uninzi lwabaqeshi luya kubavavanya ngexesha lovavanyo.
Ngokuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezifunwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kumgangatho wengcali, imivuzo iphinda inyuke. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukonyuswa kwemivuzo kuphenjelelwa:
- imfundo yobugcisa obuphezulu (okanye imfundo ekhethekileyo, ukuba sithetha ngamashishini afana ne-air conditioning);
- ulwimi lwasemzini - kwiimeko ezininzi isiNgesi, kodwa kukho nezicelo ezingekho mgangathweni;
- ulwazi lomthetho kwindawo ethile okanye iziseko ze-accounting (ngokuqhelekileyo uxanduva lwenkxaso lubandakanya iingcebiso kwimiba yezemali, ngokukodwa, ukukhethwa kweendlela zokuhlawula iinkonzo okanye ukubuyisela).
Izakhono zobugcisa kunye nokukwazi ukusombulula ngokuzimeleyo iingxaki ezingundoqo kunokunyusa kakhulu umvuzo wakho. (utshintsho kwimo yobunjineli benkxaso kwenye yeendawo ezimxinwa). Kwaye umvuzo olandelayo "uxhuma" kwenzeka xa ingcali ithatha inxalenye yomsebenzi wolawulo - ijika ibe yintloko yeqela okanye icandelo.
Endaweni yesiphetho okanye amanani abalulekileyo
Iinkampani ezipheleleyo ezinezithuba zenkxaso eRashiya ngoJulayi-Agasti 2017: 1025.
Kubandakanywa umvuzo: 436 (42,5%).
Iinkampani ezinezithuba zenkxaso kwishishini le-IT: 930 (91% yenani elipheleleyo leenkampani ezinezithuba zenkxaso).
Kwezi, ebonisa umvuzo: 394 (42% yenani elipheleleyo leenkampani ezinezithuba ezixhasayo kwicandelo le-IT).
Apha ngezantsi sithetha kuphela ngezithuba ze-IT:
- Ngaphandle kwamava: i-187 (i-20% yenani leenkampani ezinezithuba ezixhasayo kwicandelo le-IT), apho i-85 (45%) inomvuzo; izikhundla - ingcali, injineli, umqhubi.
- Amava 1 - 2 iminyaka: 532 (57%), kunye nomvuzo - 230 (43%); izikhundla - ingcali, injineli, umqhubi.
- Amava 3 - 5 iminyaka: 101 (11%), kunye nomvuzo - 33 (32%); izikhundla - umphathi, injineli, ingcali.
- Iminyaka emi-6 okanye ngaphezulu yamava - kuphela izithuba ezi-3 (ngomvuzo - 1 kuphela); izikhundla - injineli kunye nomphathi.
Iinkampani ezinezithuba kwinkxaso yabathengi / inkxaso yabathengi - 48. Kwezi, ezisi-9 zizikhundla zolawulo kumaziko eefowuni nenkxaso yobugcisa; I-3 ihambelana ngokucacileyo neentengiso, kwaye i-7 ngokwenene yinkxaso yobugcisa (njengoko kuyacaca kwisifundo esikhawulezayo sombhalo wesikhangiso).
Kupapasho olulandelayo siza kujonga indlela izinto ezihamba ngayo kumazwe angaphandle: luhlobo luni lwengeniso ekhoyo nokuba kukho umahluko phakathi kwenkxaso yobugcisa kunye nenkxaso yabathengi.
umthombo: www.habr.com