Umgangatho wenkqubo yokubonelela ngombane ngowona mqondiso ubalulekileyo wenqanaba lenkonzo yeziko ledatha yanamhlanje. Oku kuyaqondakala: ngokupheleleyo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kweziko ledatha zinikwa amandla ombane. Ngaphandle kwayo, iiseva, inethiwekhi, iinkqubo zobunjineli kunye neenkqubo zokugcina ziya kuyeka ukusebenza de unikezelo lwamandla lubuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo.
Siyakuxelela ukuba yeyiphi indima ye-diesel fuel kunye nenkqubo yethu yokulawula umgangatho ekusebenzeni okungaphazamisekiyo kwiziko ledatha yeLinxdatacenter eSt.
Uya kumangaliswa, kodwa xa uqinisekisa amaziko edatha yokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yomgangatho weshishini, iingcali ze-Uptime Institute zinika indima ephambili ekuhloleni inkqubo yokubonelela ngombane kumgangatho wokusebenza kweejeneretha zedizili.
Ngoba? Ukusebenza kakuhle kweziko ledatha kungundoqo kuqoqosho lwedijithali. Inyani yile: I-15 millisecond yeziko ledatha yokucima kwamandla anele ukuphazamisa iinkqubo zoshishino kunye nemiphumo ebonakalayo kumsebenzisi wokugqibela. Ngaba ininzi okanye incinci? Imillisecond enye (ms) yiyunithi yexesha elilingana newaka lesekondi. Iimillisecond ezintlanu lixesha elithatha inyosi ukuqhwaba amaphiko kube kanye. Kuthatha umntu 300-400 ms ukuqhwanyaza. Umzuzu omnye wokunciphisa iindleko zeenkampani ezixabisa i-$ 2013 kwi-7900, ngokutsho kuka-Emerson. Ngenxa yokwanda kwedijithali kweshishini, ilahleko inokufikelela kumakhulu amawaka eedola rhoqo ngemizuzwana engama-60 yexesha lokuphumla. Uqoqosho lufuna ukuba amashishini aqhagamshelwe nge-100%.
Ukanti, kutheni iijenereyitha zedizili zithathwa njengowona mthombo uphambili wombane ngokwe-UI? Ngenxa yokuba xa kwenzeka umbane oyintloko, isikhungo sedatha sinokuthembela kubo njengokuphela komthombo wamandla okugcina zonke iinkqubo zisebenza kude kube yilapho i-main ibuyiselwa.
Kwiziko lethu ledatha eSt. Petersburg, imiba enxulumene nokunikezelwa kwamandla idlala indima ebalulekileyo: iziko ledatha lizimele ngokupheleleyo kwinethiwekhi yedolophu kwaye libonelelwa ngombane nge-12 MW ye-gas piston power plant. Ukuba ukunikezelwa kwegesi kumisiwe ngenxa yesizathu esithile, isikhungo sedatha sitshintshela ekusebenzeni kunye nesethi ye-diesel generator. Okokuqala, ii-UPS ziqalisiwe, umthamo okwaneleyo kwimizuzu engama-40 yokusebenza okungaphazamisekiyo kwiziko ledatha, iijenereyitha zedizili ziqalwa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-2 emva kokuba isikhululo sepiston segesi simisiwe kwaye sisebenze kunikezelo lwepetroli olufumanekayo okungenani ezinye iiyure ezingama-72. . Ngelo xesha, ikhontrakthi iya kusebenza kunye nomthengisi we-fuel, onyanzelekileyo ukuba ahambise umthamo ovunyelweneyo kwiziko ledatha kwiiyure ze-4.
Ukulungiselela isiqinisekiso se-Uptime Institute sokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolawulo lokuSebenza nokuLawula nokuSebenza kusinyanzele ukuba sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngepetroli yedizili, ulawulo lomgangatho wayo, ukusebenzisana nababoneleli, njl. Oku kunengqiqo: umgangatho wokusebenza kwendawo yamandla enyukliya e-Sosnovy Bor ayixhomekekanga kuthi nangayiphi na indlela, kodwa kufuneka sibe noxanduva olupheleleyo kwicandelo lethu legridi yamandla.
I-DT yamaziko edatha: yintoni onokuyijonga
Ukuze iijeneretha zisebenze ixesha elide, ngokuthembekileyo nangokwezoqoqosho, akufanele uthenge kuphela izixhobo ezithembekileyo, kodwa ukhethe i-diesel fuel efanelekileyo (DF) kubo.
Ukususela kwizinto ezicacileyo: nayiphi na i-fuel ine-shelf life ye-3-5 iminyaka. Ikwahluka kakhulu kwiiparamitha ezahlukeneyo: uhlobo olulodwa lufanelekile ukusetyenziswa ebusika, olunye alufanelekanga ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuya kukhokelela kwingozi enkulu.
Onke la manqaku kufuneka abekwe esweni ngononophelo ukwenzela ukuthintela imeko apho iseti yejenereyitha yedizili ingaqalisi ngenxa yepetroli ephelelweyo okanye engafanelekanga ngexesha lonyaka.
Enye yeeparameters zokuhlelwa okubaluleke kakhulu luhlobo lwepetroli esetyenzisiweyo. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo kuphenjelelwa ngumgangatho wohlobo olukhethiweyo kumthengisi othile.
Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwamafutha edizili luya kubonelela ngezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:
- ukusebenza kakuhle;
- ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi;
- itorque ephezulu;
- umlinganiselo woxinzelelo oluphezulu.
inombolo yecetane
Ngapha koko, i-diesel fuel ineempawu ezininzi onokuthi uzifundele kwipaspoti yebhetshi ethile yeemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, kwiingcali, iindlela eziphambili zokumisela umgangatho wolu hlobo lwamafutha yinombolo ye-cetane kunye neempawu zokushisa.
Inombolo ye-cetane ekubunjweni kwe-diesel fuel inquma amandla okuqala, oko kukuthi. ukukwazi ukubasa umlilo. Ukuphakama kweli nani, ngokukhawuleza i-fuel itshisa kwigumbi - kwaye ngokulinganayo (kwaye ikhuselekile!) Umxube wedizili kunye nomoya uyatsha. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwezibonakaliso zalo luyi-40-55. Ipetroli yedizili ekumgangatho ophezulu enenombolo ephezulu ye-cetane inika injini: ixesha elincinci elifunekayo lokufudumala kunye nokutshisa, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kunye namandla aphezulu.
Ukucocwa kwamafutha edizili
Ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokungcola koomatshini kwisibaso se-diesel kuyingozi ngakumbi kunepetroli. Amafutha anjalo asenokungasetyenziswa. Kwezinye iimeko, ubukho bokungcola komatshini bunokubonwa njengentlenga ezantsi kwesikhongozeli esinezibaso zedizili.
Amanzi aphinde akhuphe kwi-fuel kwaye ahlale phantsi, okwenza kube lula ukuseka ubukho bayo. Kwizibaso zedizili ezingazinzanga, amanzi abangela ukuba kube namafu.
Ukucoca i-diesel fuel kuya kunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza. Kukho ufakelo olukhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokucoca oku. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zenkqubo enjalo kuxhomekeke kwinto ekufuneka ihlanjululwe kwi-fuel - iparafini, ukungcola komatshini, isulfure okanye amanzi.
Umthengisi unoxanduva lomgangatho wokucocwa kwamafutha, yingakho kubalulekile ukuba ube nenkqubo yokulawula umthengisi, esiza kuxubusha ngezantsi, kwaye ungalibali malunga namanyathelo ongezelelweyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqhubela phambili ukucoca amafutha, sifake izahluli zamafutha eSepar kumbhobho wamafutha weseti nganye yejenereyitha yedizili. Bathintela amasuntswana omatshini kunye namanzi ukuba angangeni kwi-generator.
Isahluli samafutha.
Imeko zemozulu
Ukusukela umgangatho kunye namaxabiso afikelelekayo epetroli, iinkampani zihlala zilibala malunga nobushushu apho isikhululo siza kusebenza khona. Ngamanye amaxesha ukukhetha isibaso esinye “kuyo nayiphi na imozulu” akuyongozi kangako. Kodwa ukuba isitishi sisetyenziswe ngaphandle, kuyafaneleka ukuba ukhethe amafutha ngokuhambelana neemeko zemozulu.
Abavelisi bohlula amafutha edizili ehlotyeni, ebusika kunye “ne-arctic” - kubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu. ERashiya, i-GOST 305-82 inoxanduva lokwahlula i-fuel ngexesha lonyaka. Olu xwebhu luchaza ukusetyenziswa kwamanqanaba ehlobo amafutha kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-0 °C. Isibaso sasebusika sikulungele ukusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi -30 °C. "Arctic" - kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kutsho -50 °C.
Ukusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kweejenereyitha zedizili, sagqiba ekubeni sithenge amafutha edizili ebusika -35℃. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ungacingi ngeenguqu zemozulu zonyaka.
Sijonga njani amafutha
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iijenereyitha zedizili zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba umthengisi wakho uwuthumela ngenqanawa owona mafutha uwafunayo.
Sacinga ixesha elide malunga nokusombulula le ngxaki, siqwalasele ukhetho lokuthatha iisampuli kunye nokuzithumela kuhlalutyo kwiibhubhoratri ezikhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ithatha ixesha, kwaye kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba iimvavanyo zibuya zinganelisekanga? Ibhetshi sele ithunyelwe - buya, phinda uhlele? Kwaye kuthekani ukuba ulungelelwaniso olunjalo luwela ngexesha xa kuyimfuneko ukuqalisa iijeneretha?
Kwaye emva koko sagqiba ukulinganisa umgangatho wamafutha kwindawo, usebenzisa iimitha ze-octane, ngokukodwa usebenzisa i-SHATOX SX-150. Esi sixhobo sivumela uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwepetroli enikeziweyo, ukugqiba inani le-cetane kuphela, kodwa kunye nendawo yokuthululela kunye nohlobo lwamafutha.
Umgaqo wokusebenza we-octanometer usekelwe ekuthelekiseni iinombolo ze-octane / ze-cetane ze-diesel eziqinisekisiweyo ze-diesel / iisampuli zepetroli kunye ne-diesel fuel test / petroli. Iprosesa ekhethekileyo iqulethe iitheyibhile ezisetyenzisiweyo zeentlobo ze-fuel eziqinisekisiweyo, apho inkqubo ye-interpolation ithelekisa kunye neeparitha zesampuli ezithathiweyo kunye nezilungiso zokushisa kwesampuli.
Esi sixhobo sikuvumela ukuba ufumane iziphumo zomgangatho wamafutha ngexesha lokwenyani. Imigaqo yokulinganisa umgangatho wamafutha usebenzisa imitha ye-octane ibhalwe phantsi kwimimiselo yenkonzo yokusebenza.
Umgaqo wokusebenza wemitha ye-octane
- Inzwa yesixhobo ifakwe kwindawo ethe tye kwaye ixhunywe kwiyunithi yokulinganisa.
- Isixhobo sivula xa isivamvo singenanto. Isilinganisi-manzi sibonisa i-zero CETANE yokufunda:
- Cet = 0.0;
- Tfr = 0.0.
- Emva kokujonga ukusebenza kwesixhobo, kuyimfuneko ukuzalisa inzwa ngefutha de izaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo yokulinganisa kunye nokuhlaziya ukufundwa akuthathi ngaphezu kwemizuzwana emi-5.
- Emva kokulinganisa, idatha ifakwe kwitheyibhile kwaye ithelekiswa nokufundwa okuqhelekileyo. Ukwenzela lula, iiseli zisetelwe ukuba ziqaqambise ngokuzenzekelayo amaxabiso ngombala. Xa ufundo lwamkelekile, lujika lube luhlaza; xa iiparamitha zinganelisekanga, zijika zibe bomvu, okukuvumela ukuba ulawule ngakumbi iiparitha zamafutha anikezelweyo.
- Kwethu, sizikhethele oku kulandelayo kufundo lwesiqhelo lwesibaso:
- Cet = 40-52;
- Tfr = ukusuka kuthabatha 25 ukuya thabatha 40.
Itheyibhile yobalo lwezibonelelo zamafutha
| Umhla | Ukwamkelwa kwamafutha | Ukujonga umgangatho | |
| 18 Januwari 2019 | 5180 | Cetane | 47 |
| I-TFr | -32 | ||
| uhlobo | W | ||
S – isibaso sasehlotyeni, W – isibaso sasebusika, A – isibaso saseArctic.
INZUZO! okanye isebenze njani
Enyanisweni, saqala ukufumana iziphumo zokuqala zeprojekthi ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba inkqubo yokulawula isetyenziswe. Ulawulo lokuqala lubonise ukuba umthengisi wazisa amafutha angazange ahlangabezane neeparamitha ezichaziweyo. Ngenxa yoko, saphinda sayibuyisela itanki saza sacela ukuthunyelwa kwenye indawo. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokulawula, sinokungena kwimeko apho isethi yejeneretha ye-diesel ingaqali ngenxa yomgangatho ophantsi wamafutha.
Ngokona ngokuqhelekileyo, ingqiqo yeqhinga, inqanaba elinjalo lobuchwephesha ekulawuleni umgangatho linika ukuzithemba okupheleleyo kunikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo kwiziko ledatha, xa sinokuthembela ngokupheleleyo kuthi ekuxazululeni ingxaki yokugcina i-100% yokusebenza kwexesha lesayithi.
Kwaye la ayingomagama nje: mhlawumbi sikuphela kweziko ledatha eRashiya apho, xa uqhuba ukhenketho lokubonisa umxhasi, unokuphendula kwisicelo "Ngaba unokuqhawula unxibelelwano kwisekethe yombane oyintloko ukubonisa utshintsho kwi-backup one ?” Siyavuma kwaye ngoko nangoko, phambi kwamehlo ethu, sitshintshe zonke izixhobo zigcinwe nangaliphi na ixesha. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba nawuphi na umqeshwa onomgangatho ofanelekileyo wokukhutshwa anokukwenza oku: iinkqubo zilungelelaniswe ngokwaneleyo ukuze zingaxhomekeki kumntu othile osebenza naye - sizithembile kakhulu kulo mba.
Nangona kunjalo, kungekhona thina kuphela: inkqubo yokulawulwa komgangatho we-diesel fuel ngexesha lokuqinisekiswa yi-Uptime Institute yatsala ingqalelo yabaphicothi-zincwadi bentlangano, abayithatha njengeyona ndlela yoshishino.
umthombo: www.habr.com