Abantu abaphulukene namandla okuthetha ngelizwi labo badla ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha. Ubuchwephesha banamhlanje bunika izisombululo ezininzi kule ngxaki: ukusuka kwi-keyboard elula ukuya kwi-text input usebenzisa i-glance kunye nomboniso okhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, zonke izisombululo ezikhoyo zicotha kakhulu, kwaye okukhona imeko yomntu iqatha, kokukhona kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba achwetheze. Kungenzeka ukuba le ngxaki iza kusonjululwa kungekudala kusetyenziswa ujongano lwe-neural, oluphunyezwa ngohlobo lokufakelwa okukhethekileyo kwee-electrode ezifakwe ngqo kwingqondo, enika ukuchaneka okuphezulu ekufundeni umsebenzi wayo, leyo inkqubo inokutolika kwintetho. ukuba sinokuqonda.
Abaphandi abavela kwiDyunivesithi yaseCalifornia eSan Francisco kwindawo yabo ngoAprili 25, bachaza indlela abaye bakwazi ngayo ukuvakalisa intetho yengqondo yomntu besebenzisa implanti. Kuthiwa, isandi asichanekanga kwezinye iindawo, kodwa izivakalisi zakwazi ukuveliswa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ziqondwa ngabaphulaphuli bangaphandle. Oku kufuna iminyaka yohlalutyo kunye nokuthelekisa imiqondiso yobuchopho erekhodiweyo, kwaye iteknoloji ayikakulungeli ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwelabhoratri. Noko ke, olu lingelo lwabonisa ukuba “usebenzisa ingqondo kuphela, unokutyhila uze uvelise intetho,” utsho njalo uGopala Anumanchipalli, isazi ngengqondo nokuthetha.
"Itekhnoloji echazwe kuphononongo olutsha ithembisa ukubuyisela amandla abantu okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo," kuchaza uFrank Guenther, isazi ngengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseBoston. "Kunzima ukugqithisa ukubaluleka koku kubo bonke aba bantu ... Kuyinto yodwa ngokumangalisayo kunye nephupha elibi lokungakwazi ukunxibelelana neemfuno zakho kunye nokusebenzisana nje noluntu."
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, izixhobo zokuthetha ezikhoyo ezixhomekeke ekuchwethezeni amagama kusetyenziswa indlela enye okanye enye ziyadika kwaye zidla ngokuvelisa amagama angaphezu kwe-10 ngomzuzu. Kuphononongo lwangaphambili, izazinzulu zazisele zisebenzise imiqondiso yobuchopho ukucacisa iinxalenye ezincinci zentetho, njengezikhamiso okanye amagama ngamanye, kodwa ngesigama esilinganiselweyo kunomsebenzi omtsha.
U-Anumanchipalli, kunye no-Edward Chang oyi-neurosurgeon kunye ne-bioengineer uJosh Chartier, bafunde abantu abahlanu abaneegridi ze-electrode ezifakwe okwethutyana ebuchotsheni babo njengenxalenye yonyango lokuxhuzula. Ngenxa yokuba aba bantu babekwazi ukuthetha bodwa, abaphandi bakwazi ukurekhoda umsebenzi wengqondo njengoko izifundo zithetha izivakalisi. Iqela ke lanxibelelanisa imiqondiso yobuchopho elawula imilebe, ulwimi, umhlathi kunye ne-larynx kunye neentshukumo zokwenyani zephimbo lelizwi. Oku kuvumele izazinzulu ukuba zenze izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zelizwi kumntu ngamnye.
Abaphandi ke baguqulela ukunyakaza kwebhokisi yezwi ebonakalayo kwizandi. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela “kwayiphucula intetho yaza yayenza yaqheleka ngakumbi,” utsho uChartier. Malunga nama-70 ekhulwini amagama ahlaziyiweyo ayeqondakala kubaphulaphuli ababecelwe ukuba batolike intetho edityanisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa umbandela wazama ukuthi, “Fumana ikati yecalico ukuze uthintele iimpuku,” umphulaphuli weva esithi, “Ikati yecalico ukuze ibaleke imivundla.” Ngokubanzi, ezinye izandi zivakala kakuhle, njengokuthi "sh (sh)." Ezinye, ezinje ngo “buh” kunye no “puh”, zazivakala zithambile.
Obu bugcisa buxhomekeke ekwazini indlela umntu alisebenzisa ngayo ilizwi. Kodwa abantu abaninzi abayi kuba nalo olu lwazi kunye nomsebenzi wobuchopho, kuba bona, ngokwemigaqo, abakwazi ukuthetha ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukonakala kwendlela yezwi, okanye isifo sikaLou Gehrig (esiphethwe nguStephen Hawking).
"Owona mqobo mkhulu yindlela ohamba ngayo malunga nokwakha i-decoder xa ungenayo umzekelo wentetho eza kwakhelwa yona," utshilo uMark Slutsky, isazi se-neuroscientist kunye ne-neuro-engineer kwi-Johns School of Medicine. Feinberg kwiYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern eChicago.
Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimvavanyo, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba i-algorithms esetyenziselwa ukuguqulela iintshukumo zelizwi kwizandi zazifana ngokwaneleyo ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe kubantu abahlukeneyo, mhlawumbi nabo bangakwazi ukuthetha.
Kodwa okwangoku, ukuqulunqa imephu yendalo yonke yomsebenzi wemiqondiso yobuchopho ngokuhambelana nomsebenzi wezixhobo zezwi kujongeka njengomsebenzi onzima ngokwaneleyo ukuwusebenzisa kubantu abazixhobo zabo zokuthetha ezingazange zisebenze ixesha elide.
umthombo: 3dnews.ru