Enye yezakhono ezidumileyo zikaSuperman ngumbono obalaseleyo, owamvumela ukuba ajonge iiathomu, abone ebumnyameni nangaphezulu kwemigama emide, aze abone nangezinto. Olu buchule alufane luboniswe kwiscreen, kodwa lukhona. Ngokwenyani yethu, kuyenzeka ukuba sibone izinto eziphantse zavela ngokupheleleyo ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga enzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, imifanekiso efunyenweyo yayihlala imnyama namhlophe, kude kube kutshanje. Namhlanje siza kujonga kuphononongo apho izazinzulu zaseDuke University (USA) zikwazile ukuthatha ifoto yombala wezinto ezifihlwe emva kodonga olukhanyayo zisebenzisa ukukhanya okukodwa. Yintoni le teknoloji iphezulu, isebenza njani kwaye yeyiphi indawo enokusetyenziswa? Ingxelo yeqela lophando iya kusixelela malunga noku. Hamba.
Isiseko sophando
Naphezu kwazo zonke iingenelo ezinokwenzeka zeteknoloji yokujonga izinto kwimidiya yokusasaza, kukho iingxaki ezininzi ekuphumezeni le teknoloji. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba iindlela zeefotoni ezidlula kwi-scatterer zitshintsha kakhulu, ezikhokelela kwiipateni ezingahleliwe. amabala* kwelinye icala.
Ibala* ipateni yokuphazamiseka okungacwangciswanga okwenziwe ngokuphazamiseka okufanayo kwamaza ahambelanayo aneenguqu zesigaba esingaqhelekanga kunye / okanye isethi engahleliweyo yokuqina. Amaxesha amaninzi ikhangeleka njengeseti yamabala okukhanya (amachaphaza) kwimvelaphi emnyama.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindlela ezininzi zokucinga ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze kuthintelwe iziphumo zokusasazeka kunye nokukhupha ulwazi lwento kwipateni ye-spekle. Ingxaki ngala maqhinga yimida yabo - kufuneka ube nolwazi oluthile malunga nento, ube nokufikelela kwindawo yokusabalalisa okanye into, njl.
Kwangaxeshanye, kukho indlela ephucuke kakhulu, ngokutsho kwezazinzulu-ukubona nge-memory effect (ME). Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ube nombono wento ngaphandle kolwazi lwangaphambili malunga nayo okanye indlela yokusasaza. Wonke umntu uneentsilelo, njengoko sisazi, kwaye indlela ye-ME ayinjalo. Ukufumana iipateni ze-speckle ezichaseneyo eziphezulu kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, imifanekiso echanekileyo, ukukhanya kufuneka kube yintambo encinci, i.e. ngaphantsi kwe-1 nm.
Kuyenzeka kwakhona ukodlula imida yendlela ye-ME, kodwa kwakhona la maqhinga abandakanya ukufikelela kumthombo obonakalayo okanye into phambi kwe-diffuser, okanye ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo. PSF*.
PSF* - inqaku lokusasaza umsebenzi ochaza umfanekiso ofunyanwa yinkqubo yomfanekiso xa ujonga umthombo wokukhanya okanye into ethile.
Abaphandi babiza ezi ndlela zisebenzayo, kodwa azifezekanga, ekubeni ukulinganisa kwe-PSF akusoloko kunokwenzeka ngenxa, umzekelo, kwi-dynamics ye-scatterer okanye ukungafikeleleki kwayo phambi kwenkqubo yokucinga. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho into enokwenziwa.
Kumsebenzi wabo, abaphandi bacebisa indlela eyahlukileyo. Basibonisa indlela yokuqonda ukubonwa kwezinto ngeendlela ezininzi ngokusebenzisa i-spread medium usebenzisa umlinganiselo we-spekle enye ngekhamera ye-monochrome. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela, oku akufuni ulwazi lwangaphambili lwenkqubo ye-PSF okanye imbonakalo yomthombo.
Indlela entsha ivelisa imifanekiso esemgangathweni ophezulu wento ekujoliswe kuyo kwiitshaneli ze-spectral ezihlanu ezahlulwe kakuhle phakathi kwe-450 nm kunye ne-750 nm, eyaqinisekiswa ngokubala. Ngokuziqhelanisa, kude kube ngoku kuye kwenzeka ukuba ube nombono weendlela ezintathu ze-spectral ezahlulwe kakuhle phakathi kwe-450 nm kunye ne-650 nm kunye nemijelo emithandathu ekufutshane ephakathi kwe-515 kunye ne-575 nm.
Indlela entsha isebenza ngayo
Umfanekiso we-1: isibane - imodyuli yokukhanya kwendawo - i-diffuser (nge-iris diaphragm) - ikhowudi yokuvula - i-prism - i-optical relay (1: 1 visualization) - ikhamera ye-monochrome.
Abaphandi baqaphela izinto ezintathu ezisisiseko kuyo nayiphi na i-imaging ye-diffuser: into enomdla (ekhanyisiweyo ngaphandle okanye ezikhanyayo), i-diffuser, kunye ne-detector.
Njengeendlela eziqhelekileyo ze-ME, olu phononongo luthathela ingqalelo into enobungakanani be-angular bubekwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokujonga ye-ME kwaye kumgama u emva kwe-diffuser. Emva kokusebenzisana ne-diffuser, ukukhanya kuhamba umgama v ngaphambi kokufikelela kwi-detector.
I-imaging ye-ME eqhelekileyo isebenzisa iikhamera eziqhelekileyo, kodwa le ndlela isebenzisa imodyuli ye-encoding detector equka i-encoding aperture kunye ne-wavelength exhomekeke kwi-optical element. Injongo yale elementi kukumodareyitha ngokukodwa ijelo ngalinye lembonakalo phambi kokuba liyidibanise kwaye liyiguqulele kwisixhobo sokujonga i-monochrome.
Ngaloo ndlela, endaweni yokulinganisa nje i-spekle ephantsi-contrast-contrast i-channel ye-spectral ixutywe ngokungenakuhluthwa, i-spectrally multiplexed signal irekhodwe, efanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ukwahlula.
Abaphandi baphinda bagxininisa ukuba indlela yabo ayifuni naziphi na iimpawu ezaziwa ngaphambili okanye iingcamango malunga ne-diffuser okanye umthombo wokukhanya.
Emva kokwenza imilinganiselo yokuqala ye-multiplexed speckle, ixabiso elaziwayo le-TΞ» (ipateni yekhowudi exhomekeke kumaza) isetyenziselwe ukwakha ngokutsha i-spekle kwibhanti yokubonwa nganye.
Emsebenzini wabo, kwinqanaba lokubala kunye nemodeli, izazinzulu zasebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokufunda umatshini ezinokunceda ekuphunyezweni kwendlela engaqwalaselwanga ngaphambili. Okokuqala, ukufundwa kweempawu zematriki ezimbalwa kwasetyenziswa ukumela i-spekle.
Isifundo esibalulekileyo* β ivumela inkqubo ukuba ifumane ngokuzenzekelayo ukuboniswa okuyimfuneko ukuchonga iimpawu zomthombo wedatha.
Isiphumo yaba nguvimba weenkcukacha oqeqeshiweyo kwimifanekiso yamachaphaza evela kwimilinganiso eyahlukeneyo. Esi siseko senziwa ngokubanzi kwaye asixhomekeke kwizinto ezithile kunye nezisasazo ezithatha inxaxheba kwisizukulwana semaski IΞ»x, y. Ngamanye amazwi, inkqubo iqeqeshwa ngokusekelwe kwi-diffuser engasetyenziswanga kuqwalaselo lovavanyo, okt. inkqubo ayinakho ukufikelela kuyo, njengoko abaphandi babefuna.
I-algorithm ye-OMP isetyenziselwe ukufumana imifanekiso enamachaphaza kubude obungamazaUkusukelana kwe-orthogonal).
Ekugqibeleni, ngokubala i-autocorrelation yesiteshi ngasinye se-spectral ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokuguqula i-autocorrelation kwi-wavelength nganye, imifanekiso yento ifunyenwe. Imifanekiso enesiphumo kubude bewaveleng nganye iya kudityaniswa ukwenza umfanekiso wombala wento.
Umfanekiso we-2: inkqubo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo yokuqulunqa umfanekiso wento.
Obu buchwephesha, ngokutsho kwabadali balo, abenzi ngqikelelo malunga nolungelelwaniso phakathi kwetshaneli ezibonakeleyo kwaye ifuna kuphela ingcinga yokuba ixabiso le-wavelength liyinto engaqhelekanga. Ukongezelela, le ndlela ifuna kuphela ulwazi malunga ne-encoding detector, exhomekeke kwi-pre-calibration ye-encoding aperture kunye nelayibrari yedatha eqeqeshwe kwangaphambili. Ezi mpawu zenza le ndlela yokwenza umfanekiso ube nezinto ezininzi ezininzi kwaye ingasebenzi.
Iziphumo zokulinganisa
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge iziphumo zokulinganisa.
Umfanekiso #3
Lo mfanekiso ungasentla ubonisa imizekelo yomfanekiso wezinto ezimbini ezithathiweyo nge-diffuser. Umqolo ophezulu uqhubekile 3 iqulethe into enomdla equka amanani amaninzi, eboniswe zombini ngombala ongeyonyani kwaye yaphulwa ngejelo le-spectral. Xa uceba into ngombala ongeyonyani, iprofayili yokuqina ye-wavelength nganye iboniswa kwi-CIE 1931 RGB space.
Into eyakhiwe ngokutsha (umqolo osezantsi uqhubekile 3) zombini ngombala wobuxoki kunye nangokwemijelo ye-spectral nganye, ibonisa ukuba ubuchule bubonelela ngokubonakalayo okugqwesileyo kunye ne-crosstalk encinci kuphela phakathi kweziteshi ze-spectral, ezingadlali indima ekhethekileyo kwinkqubo.
Emva kokufumana into eyakhiwe ngokutsha, i.e. Emva kokunikezelwa, bekuyimfuneko ukuvavanya inqanaba lokuchaneka ngokuthelekisa ubunzulu bembonakalo (umndilili phezu kwazo zonke iipikseli eziqaqambileyo) zento yokwenyani kunye neyakhiwe ngokutsha (3b).
Kwimifanekiso 3c ibonisa into yokwenyani (umqolo ongasentla) kunye nomfanekiso owenziwe ngokutsha (umqolo osezantsi) we-cotton stem cell, kwaye 3d uhlalutyo lokuchaneka kokubonwa lubonisiwe.
Ukuvavanya ukuchaneka komfanekiso, bekuyimfuneko ukubala isalathiso sokufana kolwakhiwo (i-SSIM) amaxabiso kunye nencopho ye-signal-to-noise ratio (pSNR) yento yokwenyani kumjelo ngamnye wokubonwayo.
Itheyibhile engentla ibonisa ukuba ishaneli nganye yesihlanu ine-coefficient ye-SSIM ye-0,8-0,9 kunye ne-PSNR engaphezulu kwe-20. Oku kulandela ukuba nangona umlinganiselo ophantsi wesignali ye-speckle, i-superposition ye-five spectral bands kunye nobubanzi be-10 nm. kwi-detector ivumela ulwakhiwo ngokutsha oluchanekileyo ngokufanelekileyo iipropati ze-spectral zento efundwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ubuchule buyasebenza, kodwa ezi ziziphumo zokulinganisa kuphela. Ukuze bawuthembe ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi wabo, izazinzulu zenza uthotho lweemvavanyo eziluncedo.
Iziphumo zovavanyo
Omnye weyona ntlukwano ibalulekileyo phakathi kokulinganisa kunye novavanyo lokwenyani yindawo engqongileyo, okt. iimeko apho zombini ziqhutywa khona. Kwimeko yokuqala kukho iimeko ezilawulwayo, okwesibini kukho iimeko ezingalindelekanga, i.e. siza kubona ukuba ihamba njani.
Iziteshi ezintathu ze-spectral ezinobubanzi be-8-12 nm ezijoliswe kwi-450, i-550 kunye ne-650 nm zicatshangelwa, ezithi, xa zidibene nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, zivelise uluhlu olubanzi lwemibala.
Umfanekiso #4
Umfanekiso ongasentla ubonisa uthelekiso phakathi kwento yokwenyani (imibala emininzi "H") kunye neyakhiwe ngokutsha. Ixesha lokuvezwa kokukhanya (isantya sokuvala, oko kukuthi i-exposure) yamiselwa kwi-1800 s, eyenza kube lula ukufumana i-SNR kwi-60-70 dB. Esi sibonakaliso se-SNR, ngokwezazinzulu, asibalulekanga kakhulu kuvavanyo, kodwa sisebenza njengesiqinisekiso esongezelelweyo sokusebenza kobuchule babo, ngakumbi kwimeko yezinto ezinzima. Enyanisweni, kwaye kungekhona kwiimeko zebhubhoratri, le ndlela ingaba ngumyalelo wobukhulu ngokukhawuleza.
Umqolo ophezulu womfanekiso #4 ubonisa into kubude bobude (ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene) kunye nowona mbala ugcweleyo.
Ukufumana umfanekiso wento yokwenyani njengesiphumo somfanekiso, ikhamera yombono wekhompyuter isetyenzisiwe kunye nezihluzi ezifanelekileyo ze-bandpass ukubonisa ngokuthe ngqo amacandelo embonakalo kunye nokufumana umfanekiso onombala ogcweleyo ngokushwankathela imijelo ye-spectral enesiphumo.
Umqolo wesibini womfanekiso ongentla ubonisa iipateni zokuzilungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo zetshaneli nganye eyakhiwe ngokutsha ye-spectral eyenza imilinganiselo ephindwe kabini eyigalelo kwisigaba sokucubungula idatha.
Umqolo wesithathu yinto ehlaziyiweyo kwishaneli nganye ye-spectral, kunye nento ehlaziyiweyo egcwele umbala, oko kukuthi. isiphumo sokubonwayo sokugqibela.
Umfanekiso ogcwele umbala ubonisa ukuba ubukhulu obuphakathi phakathi kweziteshi ze-spectral nazo zichanekile, ekubeni umbala womfanekiso odibeneyo owenziwe ngokutsha uhambelana nexabiso langempela, kwaye i-coefficient ye-SSIM ifikelela ngaphezu kwe-0,92 kwitshaneli nganye.
Umqolo ongezantsi uqinisekisa le nkcazo, ubonisa ukuthelekiswa kokuqina kwento yokwenene kunye neyokwakhiwa ngokutsha. Idatha evela kuzo zombini ihambelana kuzo zonke iindidi ze-spectral.
Oku kulandela ukuba kwanobukho bengxolo kunye neempazamo ezinokwenzeka zokumodela akuzange kusithintele ekufumaneni umfanekiso okumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo zihambelana kakuhle neziphumo zemodeli.
Uvavanyo oluchazwe ngasentla lwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo imijelo yembonakalo eyahlukileyo. Izazinzulu zenze olunye uvavanyo, kodwa ngeli xesha kunye neendlela ezikufutshane, okanye kunoko uluhlu oluqhubekayo lwe-spectral ye-60 nm.
Umfanekiso #5
Eyona nto yayiluphawu βXβ kunye nophawu β+β (5). I-spectrum yeleta "X" ifana kwaye iyaqhubeka - phakathi kwe-515 kunye ne-575 nm, kodwa "+" inomfanekiso oqingqiweyo, ophakathi kwe-535 kunye ne-575 nm (5b). Kulo mfuniselo, ukuvezwa kwakuyi-120 s ukuphumeza okufunwayo (njengangaphambili) SNR ye-70 dB.
Isihluzo esinama-60 nm ububanzi bandpass sisetyenzisiwe phezu kwayo yonke into kunye necebo lokucoca elisezantsi phezu kophawu "+". Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona, i-spectrum ye-60 nm ihlulwe kwii-channel ezi-6 ezikufutshane kunye nobubanzi be-10 nm (5b).
Njengoko sinokubona kwimifanekiso 5s, imifanekiso ephumayo ihambelana kakuhle nento yokwenyani. Olu lingelo lubonise ukuba ubukho okanye ukungabikho kolungelelwaniso lwespectral kwi-speckle elinganisiweyo akuchaphazeli ukusebenza kobuchule bomfanekiso obuphantsi kophononongo. Izazinzulu ngokwazo zikholelwa ukuba indima enkulu ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokubonwayo, okanye kunoko kwimpumelelo yayo, ayidlali kangako ngeempawu zembonakalo yento njengokulinganiswa kwenkqubo kunye neenkcukacha zomtshina wokufaka ikhowudi.
Ukujonga ngakumbi kwii-nuances zophononongo, ndincoma ukuba ujonge ΠΈ kuye.
Ipilo
Kulo msebenzi, izazinzulu zichaze indlela entsha yokucinga nge-multispectral ngokusebenzisa i-diffuser. Ukumodareyitha kwamachaphaza axhomekeke kubude bomgama kusetyenziswa ikhowudi yokuvula ikhowudi yenze ukuba kubekho umlinganiselo omnye ophindwe kabini kunye nokubalwa kwamachaphaza kusetyenziswa ialgorithm yokufunda yomatshini esekwe kwi-OMP.
Ukusebenzisa unobumba onemibala emininzi "H" njengomzekelo, izazinzulu zibonise ukuba ukugxila kwiitshaneli ezintlanu ze-spectral ezihambelana ne-violet, eluhlaza kunye nemithunzi emithathu ebomvu ivumela umntu ukuba afumane ukwakhiwa kwakhona komfanekiso oqulethe yonke imibala yemvelaphi (blue, tyheli, njalo njalo).
Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, ubuchule babo bunokuba luncedo kumayeza nakwinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Umbala uthwala ulwazi olubalulekileyo kumacala omabini: kwi-astronomy - ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zezinto ezifundwayo, kumayeza - ukubunjwa kweeseli kunye nezicubu.
Ngeli nqanaba, izazinzulu ziphawula ingxaki enye kuphela enokubangela ukungachaneki kokubonwayo: iimpazamo zemodeli. Ngenxa yexesha elide elifunekayo ukuze kugqitywe inkqubo, utshintsho kwimo engqongileyo lunokuthi lwenzeke oluya kuthi luqalise ulungelelwaniso olungathathelwa ngqalelo kwinqanaba lokulungiselela. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elizayo siceba ukufumana indlela yokunciphisa le ngxaki, eya kwenza ukuba ubuchule bokucinga obuchazwe bube buchanekileyo kuphela, kodwa buzinzile phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko.
NgoLwesihlanu ukusuka phezulu:
Izibane, umbala, umculo kunye ne-trio yee-weirdos ezidumileyo zehlabathi (iQela leBlue Man).
Enkosi ngokufunda, hlala unomdla, kwaye ube nempelaveki emnandi bafana! π
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