Ishishini le-IT lihlala liyindawo enomda ophezulu, phambi kwemveliso kunye nezinye iintlobo zeenkonzo. Ukudala isicelo, umdlalo okanye inkonzo, awukwazi ukusebenza kuphela kwindawo yasekhaya, kodwa nakwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, unikezela ngeenkonzo kwizigidi zabathengi abanokubakho.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kuziwa ekwenzeni ishishini lamazwe ngamazwe, nayiphi na ingcali ye-IT iyaqonda ukuba inkampani yaseRashiya kunye neCIS ilahlekelwa kwiinkalo ezininzi kubalingane bayo bangaphandle. Namashishini amakhulu asebenzela urhwebo lwasekhaya ahlala ethatha inxenye yezakhono zawo ngaphandle kwelizwe.
Oku kuyasebenza nakwiinkampani ezincinci, kodwa isigqibo sokufudusa inkampani phesheya sisebenza ngokuphindwe kabini xa abathengi befumaneka kwihlabathi liphela.
Ndiqulunqe uluhlu lwamazwe apho kunomdla kwaye kunenzuzo ukubhalisa iinkampani zokwenza ishishini le-IT ngo-2019. I-caveat kuphela kukuba iinkcukacha zokubhalisa i-Fintech startups efuna ukufumana ilayisenisi yokukhupha imali ye-elektroniki okanye ukuqhuba imisebenzi yebhanki ayizange ikhankanywe.
Yintoni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ilizwe lokubhalisa inkampani ye-IT?
Xa ukhetha ilizwe lokubhalisa inkampani esebenza kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, izinto ezininzi kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo.
Ludumo
Ialfabhethi inokuba neeofisi kunxweme lwakudala, ubuncinci ngomkhosi oqeshiweyo wamagqwetha kunye nabacebisi abaya kuchaza ukuba kutheni oku kufuneka. Inkampani esandula ukuqalisa uhambo lwayo kwaye ingena kwiimalike ezintsha ayifuni nkcitho eyongezelelweyo yamagqwetha kwaye izama ukubonisa amagosa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwakho alukho kukuphepha irhafu.
Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba inkampani yakho ibhaliswe ngoko nangoko kwilizwe elinegama elaneleyo. Kuyinxenye ngenxa yale ngongoma ukuba umntu kufuneka ashiye iRashiya kunye neCIS - abasoloko bethenjwa kwimarike yehlabathi kwaye bavame ukucelwa ukuba baququzelele inkampani eyongezelelweyo eCyprus okanye kwenye indawo eyaziwayo.
Ubukho beziseko ezingundoqo
I-Intanethi enesantya esiphezulu, iiseva ezinamandla, unxibelelwano oluphathwayo, ukukwazi kwabasebenzisi ukusebenzisa ii-smartphones kunye neekhompyuter - ubukho bezi zinto zolwakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu kwishishini le-IT.
Ukongeza, isiseko sinokuthi sithathelwe ingqalelo kubukho beenkonzo ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kunye norhulumente, umthetho oguquguqukayo okuvumela ukuba wenze inkampani ngokweemfuno zakho, ukufikelela kwii-incubators, iimali-mboleko, abasebenzi abaziingcali, njalo njalo.
Ukukwazi ukubonelela Into. Lo mzuzu uye waba yinto efanelekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukuba ngaphambili kwakunokwenzeka ukubhalisa inkampani kwindawo ethile eSeychelles, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ungavuli iofisi apho kwaye ugcine bonke abasebenzi, kunye nomsebenzi ophambili, kwiKaluga yabo yasekhaya, ngoku loo ndlela ayiyi kusebenza.
Into - oku kubukho bokwenene beshishini kwelinye okanye kwelinye icala lehlabathi, ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo yokubhalisa. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kuyimfuneko ukubonisa ukuba unezinto. Iya kubani? Iibhanki kunye namagunya erhafu.
Into yindawo esebenzayo, iofisi, abasebenzi, njl.
Ngaphandle kobukho bokwenene, unokulahlekelwa yinzuzo yerhafu phantsi kwezivumelwano zokuphepha irhafu ephindwe kabini, ukufumana ukukhanyelwa kwenkonzo kwibhanki. Ngoko ke, ukhetho lwendawo yokubhaliswa kwenkampani luhlala lugqitywa ngeendleko zokugcina inkampani.
Iirhafu ziyinxalenye yeendleko zeshishini
Ngokukhetha indawo efanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokubhaliswa kwenkampani, unokunciphisa ngokusemthethweni ukutsalwa kwerhafu. Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba nangaphandle kweenkampani ezikude nonxweme kunokwenzeka ukuba ufezekise irhafu eyaneleyo.
Ukongeza, xa ukhetha ilizwe, kufuneka ujonge izivumelwano zerhafu kabini: iimeko ezifanelekileyo zidalwe phakathi kwamanye amazwe aya kukuvumela ukuba uhlawule ireyithi engaphantsi kakhulu kunokubhalwa ngokusemthethweni kwimithetho.
Ukukwazi ukuvula i-akhawunti yebhanki
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya iiakhawunti zebhanki. Ndiza kucaphula umlingane wam, uNatalie Revenko, umcebisi weprojekthi ephezulu. Unceda abathengi bafumane iakhawunti yebhanki.
Kwihlabathi elichanekileyo nelinengqiqo, umxhasi ofumana imali ngokunyanisekileyo ngokubila kobuso bakhe uzikhethela ibhanki efanelekileyo. Kwihlabathi lethu lokwenyani, ngelishwa, kwimeko yebhanki kubantu abangengabo abahlali, okuchaseneyo kuyinyaniso. Isigqibo sokugqibela malunga nokuvula okanye ukungakuvuleli i-akhawunti njengomntu ongengommi sisoloko sikwibhanki yelinye ilizwe.
Iibhanki ziphantsi kwenani elikhulu leemfuno. Umthetho wasekhaya kunye namazwe ngamazwe, izigwebo, umthetho ochasene nokuthunjwa kwemali - yonke into ngendlela enye okanye enye ichaphazela imisebenzi yeziko lezemali.
Ukuzikhusela ekuphulukaneni nelayisenisi, abathengi abatsha bafunda ngokusondeleyo kwaye nayiphi na i-trifle inokusebenza njengesizathu sokwala: i-typo kwifomu yesicelo, isakhiwo seshishini esingaqondakaliyo, imisebenzi enobungozi, umnini wenkampani ovela kwilizwe elimnyama / elingwevu. .
Ngoko ke, kufuneka uqonde: unokuzama ukuvula i-akhawunti yenkampani kwilizwe lokubhaliswa kwenkampani okanye kumazwe esithathu. Kulula ukuba iakhawunti ivulwe kanye kanye, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunenzuzo ngakumbi, ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunexabiso eliphantsi ukuvula iakhawunti kwenye indawo.
Kwaye ngoku makhe sifunde uluhlu lwamazwe anomdla wokubhalisa inkampani ye-IT.
Amazwe apho kunenzuzo ukubhalisa iinkampani kwishishini le-IT
Zonke iinkampani ezikhankanywe ngezantsi zingabhaliswa ukude ngaphandle kotyelelo lomntu kwilizwe. Isethi yamaxwebhu ingahluka, kodwa kuyo yonke indawo uya kufuna ikopi eqinisekisiweyo yepasipoti yomnini, kunye nobungqina bedilesi yokuhlala (i-bill, ukubhaliswa, njl.).
United States
Bonke abantu be-IT baya e-USA, ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Yimakethi yase-US enikezela ngenzuzo ephezulu, kwaye nokhuphiswano aluthinteli ukuqaliswa okutsha ngakumbi ekuhlaseleni i-Olympus yendawo.
I-US imisela umzekelo kwihlabathi ngoncedo lweenkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Apple, iMicrosoft, i-Amazon. Ngelo xesha, i-States inikezela ngeziseko zophuhliso eziphuhlisiwe ngokwemigaqo yomthetho, i-IT kunye nenkxaso-mali.
Kwaye ngaphandle koko, inkampani yaseMelika inokuvula iakhawunti phantse naphi na.
Emva kohlaziyo lweTrump, irhafu e-United States iye yaba phantsi, nto leyo eye yandisa umtsalane welizwe kubatyali-mali.
Ngexesha elifanayo, iindleko zokungena kwimarike yase-US zingaba phezulu. Ukongeza, ukuba uceba ukuvavanya imodeli yeshishini lakho kweminye imimandla, unokubhalisa inkampani ngaphandle kwe-United States, kwaye emva koko ubuyele xa kuyimfuneko.
EUnited Kingdom
Enye imarike eyaziwa kakhulu kwi-IT startups. Iiprojekthi zeFintech ziqhube kakuhle kakhulu apha. Oku kuququzelelwe ngumthetho, ukufikelela kwimarike ye-EU kunye norhwebo oluthetha isiNgesi, inkqubo yomthetho ethembekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.
Kuyenzeka ukuba uvule iakhawunti yenkampani yaseBritane e-UK ngokwayo, nangona abanini abangahlaliyo bahlala bebuzwa imibuzo eyongezelelweyo. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuvula i-akhawunti ngaphandle kwelizwe.
Ukungaqiniseki ngo-2019 kungenxa yokuba i-UK ithi ndlela-ntle kwi-EU, ngelixa izivumelwano ezininzi zingakhange zifikelelwe. Kwakhona kuqiniswa umthetho ofuna ingxelo kwiinkampani.
Ngelo xesha, sele kukho imfuno ecacileyo yokubonelelwa kwezinto. Ngexesha leentlekele zebhanki eLatvia, ngexesha apho umthetho watshintsha, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seenkampani eziphulukene neeakhawunti zazo ziinkampani zase-UK. Babegqalwa njengeenkampani zamaqokobhe.
Ireland
I-Facebook, i-Apple kunye nezinye izigebenga ze-IT zivule iiofisi zaseYurophu eIreland. Oku kongiwe iibhiliyoni zeerhafu. I-EU yazama ukufuna ukuba izikhulu ze-IT zihlawule irhafu eyongezelelweyo, ziqaphele ukuthengiselana phakathi kwe-Ireland kunye neenkampani njengento engekho mthethweni, kodwa kwavela i-crumpled.
Ngaphandle koku, iIreland itsala abadlali abatsha ngakumbi nangakumbi. Oku kungenxa yomthetho okhusela umdla weshishini kunye nepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, ngokwenyani elona nqanaba lisezantsi lerhafu yeshishini eYurophu, isiseko esiqinisekisiweyo seshishini le-IT.
Kwaye ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-Brexit, i-Ireland iba yinto enokuthi ithathe indawo yeenkampani zaseBritane ezibeka emngciphekweni wokuphulukana nokufikelela kwiimarike ze-EU.
Ubukho beofisi, abasebenzi elizweni bayacetyiswa, njengakwezinye iindawo. Kuyenzeka ukuba uvule iakhawunti.
Canada
ICanada ilikhaya kwiinkampani ezininzi zokudlala ezinkulu, kubandakanya i-Ubisoft, icandelo le-Rockstar. Iiprojekthi ezininzi ze-IT kunye namashishini e-intanethi akhetha ilizwe njengekhaya labo.
ICanada inemakethi enkulu yasekhaya, ubudlelwane obusondeleyo e-US, kunye nodumo olucocekileyo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Iziseko zophuhliso ziyaphuhliswa kwaye zisoloko ziphuculwa. Kukho uvimba wabasebenzi, oqeqeshwe kwiiyunivesithi zasekuhlaleni.
Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu yintsebenziswano elinganiselwe yaseCanada - uhlobo lweenkampani ezikuvumela ukuba unciphise irhafu yengeniso yenkampani ukuya kwi-0%, ngaphandle kokuba yonke ingeniso ifunyenwe ngaphandle kwelizwe. Irhafu kwizabelo ihlawulwa ngamaqabane kwiirhafu zerhafu yengeniso yomntu kwilizwe apho abahlali berhafu (eRashiya yi-13%).
Le fomu isenokungafaneleki kwishishini elilingana ne-Apple, kodwa lukhetho oluhle kakhulu lwesiqalo.
Ukongeza, intsebenziswano yaseKhanada inokuvula iakhawunti yebhanki eCanada (ngokwemiqathango ethile) okanye phantse naliphi na elinye ilizwe emhlabeni. Ukuba ufuna iakhawunti eCanada, ke umba wokubonelela ngeSiyobisi kuya kufuneka ujongwe ngenkathalo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye wabalawuli benkampani kufuneka ahlale eCanada. Ukuvula iakhawunti ngaphandle kweCanada kuya kuba lula kancinci.
Malta
I-Malta ikwathathwa njengembangi yokuthatha indawo ye-UK. Kodwa nangona oku kungenzeki, iMalta sele iphumelele isabelo sayo semarike ye-IT kwaye iyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ulawulo luthandwa kakhulu kwiiprojekthi ezinxulumene nokubheja, iikhasino ze-intanethi, ii-cryptocurrencies, kodwa zifuna ilayisensi. Iimeko zelo lonke ishishini le-IT nazo zimnandi.
I-Malta iyingxenye ye-Eurozone, inikezela ngerhafu yenkampani ye-35%, kodwa kunye nethuba lokunciphisa izinga elisebenzayo kwi-5%. Irhafu kwizabelo - 0%. Kwiingcali ze-IT, inkqubo yokufumana iimvume zokusebenza yenziwe lula.
IMalta ineebhanki zayo, kwaye ivunyelwe ukuvula iakhawunti kwamanye amazwe, kubandakanya nokuvula iakhawunti yebhanki eYurophu.
Armenia
Ukunika olu khetho lungentla, eli lungu kuluhlu liza kubonakala lingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, amagama amatsha kunye neenkwenkwezi ezikhulayo zikwavela kwimakethi yeenkonzo zenkampani yamazwe ngamazwe.
Nkqu noZuckerberg wayekade engengomfundi odumileyo, singasathethi ke ngeendawo.
I-Armenia inomdla ngokuyintloko kulawulo lwayo lwerhafu kwishishini le-IT. Emva kokufumana isatifikethi somsebenzi we-IT (malunga nenyanga yokulinda emva kokubhalisa inkampani), ufumana i-0% yerhafu yengeniso, i-5% yerhafu kwizabelo, ezinokuthi zibuyiswe, akukho mfuneko zingqongqo kwiofisi yendawo kunye nabasebenzi, kwaye i-akhawunti ivulwa ngqo kwilizwe.
I-capital egunyazisiweyo yenkampani enjalo inokusuka kwi-euro eyi-1 - iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuqala zokuqalisa.
Switzerland
ISwitzerland ayilolizwe lokuqala elifika engqondweni xa uthetha nge-IT. Nangona kunjalo, oku kushiyiwa kufuneka kulungiswe. Inyani kukuba iiprojekthi ezinohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu ziziva zikhululekile eSwitzerland, nokuba luphuhliso lwe-IT kwintsimi yeyeza okanye isiseko sokudala nokugcina i-cryptocurrency enkulu.
Iziseko zophuhliso zaseSwitzerland ziphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba i-bitcoins yamkelwe kwezinye iicanton njengentlawulo yeenkonzo zoluntu.
Ukongeza kwi-fintech, iSwitzerland inomdla kukhuseleko lwe-cyber, amayeza, isayensi kunye nokuvelisa. Ukuba iprojekthi yakho isombulula iingxaki kwezi ndawo, ukhetho lwe-Federation lunokuba yinkuthazo eyongezelelweyo kuwe.
Ukongeza, iSwitzerland lilizwe lebhanki, oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kuba neninzi yokukhetha kwiziko lezemali.
Hong kong
Ukuvula inkampani eTshayina akukho lula. Kodwa eHong Kong-nceda. Ukuba ufuna ukuthatha i-bite kwimarike yemidlalo yaseTshayina, iHong Kong iya kukunika ithuba lokutsiba kuloo niche.
Ukongeza, iHong Kong ibonelela ngerhafu yendawo, enokuba luncedo kakhulu kwishishini le-IT elenza inzuzo ngaphandle kwelizwe. Kukho inkuthazo ezahlukeneyo kwiinkampani, kubandakanya inkuthazo yerhafu: 50% isaphulelo kwi-2 yezigidi zeedola zaseHong Kong zenzuzo, ukutsalwa kweR&D, njl.
Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iHong Kong inokuqikelelwa. Umthetho wayo umiselwe iminyaka engama-50. Kucacile ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni kumashumi amabini eminyaka ezayo.
Ingxaki kuphela yi-akhawunti yebhanki. Kunzima kakhulu kubantu bangaphandle kunye neenkampani ezincinci ukuvula iakhawunti eHong Kong ngokwayo. Kuthatha ixesha elininzi kunye nomgudu, kwaye umphumo awuqinisekiswanga. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukuvula iakhawunti kwamanye amazwe okanye ujonge ezinye iindlela.
Estonia
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuncinci, i-Estonia inamabhongo amakhulu. Mhlawumbi, yi-Estonia enikezela ngesinye seziseko eziluncedo kakhulu kwishishini, kubandakanya i-IT, malunga nokunxibelelana norhulumente. Imeko ye-elektroniki imiselwe apha kwaye isebenza ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
Ukubheja kwi-IT kweli lizwe kwenziwa kwakudala kwaye sibonile iziqhamo zayo, umzekelo, ebusweni bokuthengwa kweMicrosoft yabadali be-Skype. Nangona isiphelo esibuhlungu somthunywa ngokwawo, i-tag ye-8,5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ibonisa ububanzi bethuba.
Kumashishini, ukongeza kwiziseko ezingundoqo, kuluncedo ukungahlawuli irhafu yengeniso okoko nje ingeniso iphinde yatyalwa kwinkampani.
Ukungabikho kolawulo, njengesiqhelo, kuvela kwiibhanki. Ukuvula i-akhawunti e-Estonia, kuyimfuneko ukuba imisebenzi yenkampani idibaniswe ne-Estonia. Oku kusonjululwa ngokuvula ii-akhawunti ngaphandle kwelizwe.
Andorra
Omnye umdlali ongabonakali kakhulu, kodwa unikezela ngerhafu yerhafu ye-2%. Kule nto, iimeko ezizodwa kufuneka zifezekiswe. Umyinge wesiseko yi-10%, ephantsi kune-Ireland.
Ukuba umnini wenkampani uba ngumhlali werhafu waseAndorra, uya kukwazi ukulahla irhafu kwizabelo.
Iakhawunti ivulwa eAndorra ngokwayo okanye ngaphandle kwayo ngokwesicelo sakho.
Ukusuka eAndorra, kunenzuzo ukutsala kungekuphela kwendawo, kodwa kunye neziseko zaseSpain kunye nesiFrentshi. Amazwe asondelelene kakhulu.
Endaweni yokuqalisa kwakhona
Ukungena kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe sisigqibo esicingisiswe kakuhle. Ukhetho lwenkampani kunye nelizwe elidityanisiweyo kufuneka lucinge ngendlela efanayo. Ishishini ngalinye lahlukile ngendlela yalo kwaye ngalinye liya kufanela iinkampani zalo kunye neeakhawunti zalo zebhanki.
Ukhetho oluthile lwenziwe kakuhle kunye nengcali. Isizathu salokhu silula: umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuvula inkampani e-Estonia kwaye uvule i-akhawunti apho, kodwa abathengi bakho base-Asia kuphela, ngoko awuyi kufumana nayiphi na i-akhawunti. Kuya kufuneka sicinge, sijonge ezinye iindlela. Kodwa awuzange ucinge ngemithetho kwaye ulahlekelwe yimali kunye nexesha.
umthombo: www.habr.com