“UThixo akadlali ngamadayisi,” utshilo uEinstein, egxeka indlela iCopenhagen ngoku echaza ngayo izinto ezinokwenzeka (ezinokwenzeka) ngendlela ye-quantum mechanics yanamhlanje. Abantu abaninzi abaqondi, kodwa iLanga lethu kunye neenkwenkwezi ziyatsha ngenxa yemithetho yehlabathi le-quantum eyamoyikisa kwaye yamcaphukisa uEinstein. Namhlanje, izazinzulu zaseTshayina zisebenzise le mithetho kwaye ngomzekeloIndlela yokuqalisa ngexabiso eliphantsi i-thermonuclear reaction kwiimeko zomhlaba ngaphandle kokudala kwakhona imeko-bume engaphakathi kweenkwenkwezi.
Ukuze kufezekiswe impendulo ye-thermonuclear ezixhasayo ngaphakathi kwi-reactor eMhlabeni, ii-athomu ze-fuel ezisebenzisa i-ionized (i-hydrogen) kufuneka zoyise ukugxothwa kweCoulomb kunye ne-fuse, zenze i-athomu ye-helium. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa uxinzelelo olukhulu lweLanga kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obuyi-15 yezigidi ze-°C zenza oku kube lula. Enyanisweni, iimeko zomzimba ngaphakathi kwenkwenkwezi azanelanga kwi-thermonuclear fusion reaction ezixhasayo (kwaye azinjalo nakwiigumbi zee-fusion reactors eMhlabeni).
Iinuclei zehydrogen zoyisa umqobo weCoulomb ngokuphuma kwimijelo yamandla, endaweni yokutsiba kuwo. Ukuthungela kwenzeka ngokwemithetho ye-quantum mechanics, kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu wamathuba eziganeko ezinjalo. Ngokwesikali seenkwenkwezi, oku kuqinisekisa ukusabela kwe-thermonuclear kunye nokutsha okuqhubekayo kuba nje kukho iinuclei ezininzi ze-hydrogen apho—kukho okuninzi okunokudibana nako, kwanokuqwalasela iimpawu ezinokwenzeka zale nkqubo.
Iingcali zefiziksi zaseTshayina zathatha indlela engalindelekanga: endaweni yokuzama ukupompa iplasma ye-reactor ukuya kuthi ga kumda, zacebisa ukuba kwandiswe amathuba okuba kubekho i-tunneling effect kwi-hydrogen fuel nuclei. Ukuba ii-nuclei aziphumi kwimithombo yazo yamandla nangona kunjalo, kutheni zichitha amandla angeyomfuneko? Esi sisiphumo sephepha lethiyori elibhalwe zizazinzulu ezintathu zaseTshayina: uJintao Qi waseShenzhen University of Technology, uNjingalwazi Zhaoyan Zhou waseNational University of Defense Technology, kunye noNjingalwazi Xu Wang waseGraduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics.
Olu phononongo lusekelwe ekubaleni indlela ezisebenza ngayo iinuclei ezimbini ze-hydrogen fuel: i-deuterium kunye ne-tritium. Kwixesha elizayo, abaphandi baza kuhlalutya isindululo sabo beqwalasela iinuclei ezininzi kunye nempembelelo yazo efanayo. Ingcinga kukongeza ukufudumeza kwe-classical ye-plasma ye-fuel kwi-reactor ngenkqubo eya kwandisa amathuba okuba iinuclei ze-fuel zidlule kwi-Coulomb barrier ngaphandle kwenkcitho enkulu yamandla. "Ukukhohlisa" okunjalo kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi kwee-fusion reactions kwi-reactors kunye nokuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lwezityalo zamandla e-fusion zorhwebo.
Ngokwesiko, iilaser ezine-frequency ephezulu (ezifana neelaser ze-X-ray free-electron) ziye zaqwalaselwa ukupompa amandla e-plasma—ziqondisa amasuntswana ane-power ephezulu kakhulu kwi-plasma. Uhlalutyo olutsha lubonise ukuba iilaser ezine-frequency ephantsi (kuquka nezo zikwi-near-infrared range) zisebenza ngakumbi ekwandiseni amathuba okudibana kwamandla afanayo okanye afanayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba intsimi ene-frequency ephantsi ivumela iinuclei ukuba zifunxe kwaye zikhuphe ii-photons ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lokusondela kwazo—zisebenzisana kakhulu nentsimi ye-electromagnetic yeelaser zepompo, zandisa usasazo lwamandla okungqubana kwaye ngaloo ndlela zandisa amathuba okuthungelwa kwe-quantum nge-Coulomb barrier.
Njengomzekelo wezibalo, ababhali bakhankanya olu qikelelo lulandelayo: kumandla okungqubana kwe-1 keV (kiloelectronvolt) ngaphandle kwe-assistant laser, amathuba okusabela kwe-deuterium-tritium aphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukhanyiswa ipetroli nge-low-frequency laser field enamandla e-1,55 eV kunye namandla e-1020 W/cm², amathuba okudibana ayanda nge-oda ezintathu zobukhulu—nge-factor ye-1000. Ukunyusa amandla ukuya kwi-5×1021 W/cm² kwandisa amathuba okudibana nge-oda ezilithoba zobukhulu (amaxesha ebhiliyoni!) xa kuthelekiswa neemeko eziqhelekileyo. Le yinto enokwenzeka kakhulu, ngaphambili engakhange ithathwe njengengafezekanga okanye ithathwa njengengafezekanga.
Nangona umsebenzi usengumsebenzi wethiyori, ubonelela ngesiseko esibanzi sokuhlalutya iimpendulo ze-fusion ezincediswa zii-laser fields kwiifrequencies ezahlukeneyo kunye namandla kwaye ukhomba ekunokwenzeka kokuphumla kweemeko zobushushu eziqinileyo kwi-fusion elawulwayo. Kwixesha elizayo, ababhali baceba ukwandisa ithiyori kwiindawo ze-plasma ezingokoqobo ngakumbi ezineempembelelo ezidibeneyo kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-laser-plasma, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni ukuba kunokwenzeka na kweendlela ezichazwe phantsi kweemeko zelebhu.
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umthombo: 3dnews.ru
