Kucetywa ukongeza i-syntax ngolwazi lohlobo kulwimi lweJavaScript

I-Microsoft, i-Igalia, kunye ne-Bloomberg zithathe inyathelo lokuqala lokubandakanya i-syntax kwi-JavaScript echaza udidi lweenkcazelo ezicacileyo, ezifana ne-syntax esetyenziswa kulwimi lwe-TypeScript. Okwangoku, utshintsho lweprototype olucetywayo ukuba lufakwe kumgangatho we-ECMAScript lufakwe kwiingxoxo zokuqala (iSigaba 0). Kwintlanganiso elandelayo yekomiti ye-TC39 ngo-Matshi, kucetywa ukuqhubela phambili kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuqwalaselwa kwesindululo kunye nokubandakanyeka koluntu lweengcali ezivela kwi-ECMA.

Ukuba nolwazi olucacileyo lohlobo luya kukuvumela ukuba uphephe iimpazamo ezininzi ngexesha lenkqubo yophuhliso, yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuphucula ezongezelelweyo, ukwenza lula ukulungisa ingxaki, kwaye wenze ikhowudi ifundeke ngakumbi kwaye kulula ukuyilungisa kunye nenkxaso ngabaphuhlisi bomntu wesithathu. Uhlobo lwenkxaso lucetywa ukuba luphunyezwe njengento ekhethwayo - iinjini zeJavaScript kunye namaxesha okusebenza angaxhasi ukukhangela uhlobo aluyi kuhoya izichasiselo ngolwazi lohlobo kwaye luqhubekisele phambili ikhowudi njengangaphambili, ukuphatha idatha yohlobo njengamagqabantshintshi. Kodwa chwetheza izixhobo zokujonga ziya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa ulwazi olukhoyo ukuchonga iimpazamo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa okungalunganga kweentlobo.

Ngaphezu koko, ngokungafaniyo nohlobo lolwazi oluchazwe kusetyenziswa i-JSDoc annotations echazwe kwifom yezimvo, ukubonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kweentlobo ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkcazo eziguquguqukayo ezakhayo ziya kwenza ikhowudi ibonakale ngakumbi, iqondakala kwaye kulula ukuyihlela. Umzekelo, ii-IDE ezinenkxaso ye-TypeScript ziya kukwazi ukuqaqambisa ngokukhawuleza iimpazamo kwikhowudi yeJavaScript echwetheziweyo ngaphandle koguqulelo olongezelelweyo. Ukongeza, inkxaso yohlobo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi iya kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuqhuba iinkqubo ezibhaliweyo kwiilwimi zeJavaScript ezichwetheziweyo, ezifana ne-TypeScript kunye ne-Flow, ngaphandle kokutshintshela kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye.

Phakathi kweentlobo, kucetywayo ukongeza "intambo", "inombolo" kunye ne "boolean", enokusetyenziswa xa kuchazwa iinguqu, iiparamitha zokusebenza, izinto zento, imimandla yeklasi, ii-arrays ezichwetheziweyo ("inombolo[]"). Kukwacetywa ukubonelela ngenkxaso kwiindidi ezidityanisiweyo (“umtya | inombolo”) kunye negenerics. vumela x: umtya; umsebenzi wongeza(a: inani, b: inani) { buyisela u + b; } ujongano lomntu {igama: umtya; ubudala:inani; } umsebenzi foo (x: T) { buyisela x; } umsebenzi foo(x: umtya | inani): umtya | inani { ukuba (uhlobo x === inani) { buyisela x + 1 } enye { buyisela x + "!" }}

umthombo: opennet.ru