Phila kwaye ufunde. Icandelo 1. Isikhokelo sesikolo nekhondo lomsebenzi

Ndinomhlobo osuka eGrenoble, unyana wabafuduki baseRussia - emva kokuphuma kwesikolo (collège+lycée) wafudukela eBordeaux wafumana umsebenzi kwizibuko, kunyaka kamva wafudukela kwivenkile yeentyatyambo njengengcali yeSMM, kunyaka kamva wagqiba izifundo ezimfutshane waza waba ngumntu onjengomncedisi womphathi. Emva kweminyaka emibini yomsebenzi, kwi-23, waya kwi-ofisi yommeli we-SAP kwisithuba esiphantsi, wafumana imfundo yaseyunivesithi kwaye ngoku uye waba yinjineli yeenkqubo zenkampani. Xa ebuzwa ukuba kwakuyoyikeka ukwenza “umsantsa” onjalo kwimfundo, waphendula wathi kwakuyoyikeka ukuphuma eyunivesithi uneminyaka engama-22 yaye ungazi ukuba ungubani na yaye ufuna ntoni. Ivakala iqhelekile? Ngokubanzi, ukuba ungumzali okanye isihlobo somntwana wesikolo okanye umfundi ngokwakhe, ikati. Nangona kunjalo, kuye wonke umntu sisizathu esilungileyo sokukhumbula.

Intshayelelo - livela phi eli nqaku?

Amanqaku asasazekileyo malunga nemfundo, imfuneko yediploma, isikolo esiphumeleleyo kunye neminye imiba yemfundo iye yavela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuHabr - akusiyo into yokuba kukho i-hubs malunga nenkqubo yemfundo, umsebenzi, imfundo phesheya, njl. Isihloko sinobuzaza ngokwenene, ngakumbi kumxholo wemarike yezemisebenzi etshintshe kakhulu kunye neemfuno zeengcali. Sagqiba ekubeni sishwankathele amava ethu, sacela uncedo kwingcali ezinikele iminyaka eyi-8 kwimfundo yabantu, iminyaka engama-25 kuye, kuquka isikolo :) kunye neminyaka eyi-10 kwintsimi ye-IT. Silungiselele amanqaku e-5 aya kupapashwa kwiblogi yethu.

Umjikelo "Phila kwaye Ufunde"

Icandelo 1. Isikhokelo sesikolo nekhondo lomsebenzi
Icandelo 2. IYunivesithi
Icandelo 3. Imfundo eyongezelelweyo
Icandelo 4. Imfundo emsebenzini
Icandelo 5. Ukuzifundisa

Yabelana ngamava akho kumazwana - mhlawumbi, ngenxa yemigudu yeqela le-RUVDS kunye nabafundi bakaHabr, uSeptemba wokuqala womntu uya kuba nolwazi oluncinci, oluchanekileyo kunye neziqhamo. 

Isikolo: ingoma endala malunga neyona nto iphambili

Amaqela

Ngokomyinge kwilizwe lonke, isikolo siyinxalenye enika umdla kakhulu kwimfundo, ngakumbi ngoku. Iihlabathi ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo zadibana kuyo: 

1. ootitshala bokwakheka kwakudala, kwiminyaka yobudala kakhulu, ubukhulu becala abakakulungeli ukwamkela iinyani ezintsha kunye neendlela zemfundo, abakulungele ukuphulaphula abafundi; 
2. ootitshala abancinci nabangenamdla ukusuka kwiminyaka yama-90, xa, ngaphandle kokungaqhelekanga, baya kwisikolo sokufundisa ngenxa yokuphelelwa lithemba kunye nokungakwazi ukungena kwenye iyunivesiti (ngenxa yezinga loqeqesho okanye ukungabikho kwemali);
3. abazali abaneminyaka yobudala ukusuka kwi-70 ukuya kwi-90s, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kubantu be-USSR indlela yokuphila ukuya kubameli abaphambeneyo bebizwa ngokuba "isizukulwana esilahlekileyo";
4. abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-15-17 ubudala (ininzi siya kuthetha ngabo) ngabantwana bexesha ledijithali, i-automated and computerized, introverted and virtual, kunye nokucinga kwabo kunye nombutho okhethekileyo wengqondo kunye nememori. 

Onke amaqela ama-4 alwa phakathi kwawo kwaye amaqela ngokuchasene namanye amaqela; phakathi koluntu olunjalo kukho ukungaqondi kakuhle kunye nesandla esingabonakaliyo somfundisi oyintloko kunye nonegunya - i-Intanethi. Kwaye uyazi ukuba ndiza kukuxelela ntoni? Oku kuhle kakhulu, kufuna nje indlela ekhethekileyo. Kwaye ndiza kuthi kwakhona ungquzulwano lwezizukulwana lungunaphakade, njengobuvila babantwana besikolo, kuphela indawo eguqukayo. 

Ziziphi iingxaki abajamelana nazo abantwana besikolo?

• Ulwazi luqhawulwe ngokupheleleyo nokusebenza. Ikharityhulamu yesikolo ayiboneleli ngengcaciso ngokubambisana nokusebenza. Yiyo loo nto unokuhlangabezana nemibuzo malunga nokuba umdwelisi weprogram ufuna imathematika okanye loluphi ulwimi lokuprograma anokukhetha kulo ukuze angayibambi imiba yemathematika. Ngelixa kwi-algebra efanayo umntu unokuchukumisa ingxaki yothungelwano lwe-neural, ukufunda koomatshini, uphuhliso lomdlalo (cinga malunga nokuba kuphole kangakanani na ukufunda ukuba amaqhawe akho owathandayo ehlabathi lemidlalo ahamba ngokwemithetho yefiziksi, kwaye indlela nganye iyachazwa. ngefomula yemathematika). Ukudibanisa ithiyori kunye nokuziqhelanisa nesifundo kunokunyusa umdla womfundi, ukoyise ukukruquka eklasini, kwangaxeshanye kuncede kwisikhokelo sekhondo eliphambili (okwenzeka kwibakala lesi-6-9). Kwangaxeshanye, akuyomfuneko ukufuna izinto eziphathekayo ezibizayo; umnqweno, ibhodi kunye netshokhwe/umakishi zanele.
• Inqanaba lokwenyani lolwazi alihambelani novavanyo kwiidayari kunye nezatifikethi. Ingxaki engapheliyo yokuxinana, ukuwonga nokuthotywa kwamabanga, kunye nokhuphiswano kukhokelela ekubeni abantwana besikolo baleqe inani elinqwenelekayo, kwaye abazali nootitshala bayalukhuthaza olu gqatso. Akumangalisi ukuba kunyaka wokuqala eyunivesithi, abafundi abagqwesileyo bawela kumabanga C kwimathematika ephezulu, ngelixa abafundi be-C begcina u-4 eyomeleleyo - banokuqonda ngesifundo, kwaye akukho nxalenye enkqayiweyo eyaphuma ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-Unified. State Exam. 
• Ufikelelo lwasimahla kulwazi, eneneni, ingxaki enkulu. Akukho mfuneko yokukhumbula, ukukhangela, ukuhlalutya-vula nje iWikipedia okanye iGoogle kwaye yiyo loo nto, ulwazi luphambi kwakho. Oku kubi kuba umsebenzi wenkumbulo uyancipha kwaye isiseko semfundo esichanekileyo asenziwa. Kwaeso siseko sikufundisa ukuqonda ingxaki, fumana iphazili engekhoyo uze usebenzise incwadi yeembekiselo okanye i-Intanethi. Ukubeka nje, ngokuhlala kuGoogling, umfundi akafundi ukuqonda ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ekufuneka yenziwe kuGoogle. Ngeli xesha, sisiseko semfundo esisisiseko esenza isiseko somsebenzi wekamva kwaye sisebenza njengeqonga lezakhono zokuhlalutya kunye nokudibanisa.
• Ulwazi olungeyomfuneko esikolweni Nantsi lapho. Mhlawumbi, utitshala ofunda esi sithuba ngoku uya kufuna ukufumana aze akrazule umbhali abe ziziqwenga, kodwa okukhona isikolo sipholile, kokukhona, ndixolele, i-crap egxininiswe kwikharityhulam. Ukusuka kumdlalo endiye ndadibana nawo: iminyaka emi-4 yesiLatini, iminyaka eyi-7 yoncwadi lwangaphandle (ngokunzulu), iminyaka emi-4 (!) IiSayensi zoBomi, iminyaka emi-2 yefilosofi, kunye noncwadi olwahlukeneyo, isiGrike, ithiyori yenkcubeko yomzimba. , imbali yemathematika, njl. Kakade ke, i-erudition jikelele, ubuntshatsheli besikolo kwi-“Yintoni? Phi? Nini?”, ukukwazi ukuqhubeka nencoko kuxabisekile kwaye kumnandi kakhulu kwaye kuluncedo, kodwa kwimiqulu enjalo, iiyure zokufunda zisusa ingqondo yomfundi kwizifundo ezingundoqo nakweyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yemfundo ngokubanzi (jonga nje ingcaciso yale mihla. upelo, kwaye nakwiHabré enye!) . Kukho indlela yokuphuma: yenza izifundo ezinjalo zibe ngokuzikhethela kwaye ngaphandle kwamabakala.
• Isantya semfundo esinzima - umbuzo okhoyo ukususela ekuqaleni kobukho bezikolo kunye nesisombululo esinzima kakhulu ukufunyanwa. Kwiklasi enye, kwanabo “bomelele” okanye “babuthathaka,” abafundi banemilinganiselo eyahlukahlukeneyo yokwazi kakuhle umbandela, ukucombulula iingxaki, kunye nesantya esahlukileyo “sokwakha.” Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kuya kufuneka uye ekulinganisweni kwaye uphulukane nezo zinokuba namandla, okanye ungabahoyi ababuthathaka kwaye ubenze babuthathaka ngakumbi. Ndandinomfundi osombulule iingxaki kwizibalo zemathematika ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa wayenza kancinci, kuba... wakhangela esona sisombululo silungileyo waza wasebenzisa isisombululo. Ngenxa yoko, ndakwazi ukucombulula iingxaki ezintathu kwezintlanu. Umyalela ukuba abeke ntoni? Into enye. Okwangoku, unokufumana umjikelo omncinci womsebenzi: ukunika imisebenzi eyomeleleyo yokusombulula ngokuzimeleyo, ubanike ilungelo lokucebisa kunye nokuqeqesha abo bafunda nabo phantsi kweliso likatitshala - oku kwandisa kakhulu uxanduva, kunciphisa uloyiko lweempazamo kwaye kuvumela abantwana besikolo ukuba bafunde. bonisa iziseko zentsebenziswano. 
• Ingxaki yokuhlalisana -Ingxaki ebuhlungu nenzima etsala ishumi elinambini labanye. Ubume bonxibelelwano olubonakalayo, unxibelelwano lwemidlalo, iinethiwekhi zentlalo kunye nezithunywa ezikhawulezayo zithatha ebantwaneni (ewe, ngabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18, abantwana, kwaye emva, yeha, abantwana) ukukwazi ukunxibelelana kunye nokunxibelelana kwezentlalo. Akukho zakhono zokusombulula iingxaki, akukho ukusebenzisana, akukho budlelwane phakathi kweqela labantu, akukho nto - inethiwekhi yentlalo yoontanga, iincoko ezilula. Kwaye apha umsebenzi wesikolo kukubonisa indlela epholile ngayo inkqubo "yomntu-kumntu" ibonakala: cwangcisa imidlalo yeqela, uququzelele unxibelelwano.

Indlela yokukhetha umsebenzi?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwizikolo ezininzi zaseRashiya (imeko ingcono eMoscow), isikhokelo somsebenzi wabantwana besikolo sihla sisiya kwizincoko ezimalunga nesihloko somsebenzi wabo wexesha elizayo kwaye ayilulo kwaphela uvavanyo olwaneleyo lwesikhokelo somsebenzi, ezinye zazo zifikelela kuqikelelo oluqikelelweyo. isakhono somfundi kwinkalo ethile. Kwangaxeshanye, izinto ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-bioinformatics, ulwazi lwezonyango, njl. njl. - oko kukuthi, iindawo ezidumileyo nezithembisayo zabafana abaguquguqukayo nabaphambili. Abantwana besikolo ngokwabo bahlala, okokuqala, abantwana, abathandanayo kunye nabaphuphayo. Namhlanje bafuna ukuphatha abantu okanye bakhonze kwiSebe leeMeko eziNgxamisekileyo, ngomso ukuba ube usomashishini, kwaye ngeveki - umdwelisi weprogram okanye injineli eyakha iimoto zekamva. Kwaye kubalulekile ukuphulaphula, ukucinga ngezizathu zokhetho - umtsalane kaDkt House, i-charisma ka-Elon Musk, okanye imfuno yangempela kunye nokubiza komfana. 

Indlela yokuvavanya umsebenzi?

Amathemba - Le mhlawumbi yeyona metric inzima. Yintoni ebonakala ithembisa ngoku, ngaphambi kokugqweswa kwesikolo kunye neyunivesiti, inokujika ibe yintsimi eshushu kakhulu (hello kumagqwetha kunye nezoqoqosho ezingena kwi-2000-2002!) Okanye zinyamalale ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka wenze umntwana wakho aqonde kwaye aqonde ukuba kufuneka kubekho isiseko apho unokutshintsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ubungcali bakho. Umzekelo, injineli yesoftware ethetha iC/C ++ inokungena ngokulula kwihlabathi lophuhliso lweneural network, uphuhliso lwamashishini, isayensi, njl.njl., kodwa umbhali (usebenzisa isayensi yekhompyuter) unokuzifumana kwiminyaka emihlanu engaphandle kwesitaki wafunda. Kwakhona, ingcali yezoqoqosho eqeqeshelwe “uLawulo lwezeMali” ithembisa ngakumbi ngokweentshukumo ezithe tyaba kune “Banking” okanye “iReal Estate Valuation”. Ukuvavanya amathemba, funda uluhlu lweengcali zekamva, jonga ukulinganisa kweelwimi zeprogram (ukuba sithetha nge-IT), funda iimpapasho ezikhethekileyo (umzekelo, kwiminyaka eyi-15-17 eyadlulayo kwiijenali zonyango, uluntu lwezenzululwazi. kuxoxwe ngenkuthalo nge-microsurgery yamehlo, iirobhothi kumayeza, ukuguqulwa kwe-laparoscopic, kwaye namhlanje le yinyani yemihla ngemihla). Enye indlela kukujonga ukuba yeyiphi i-faculty evuliwe kwiidyunivesithi kule minyaka mi-2-3 idlulileyo; njengomthetho, le yeyona nto iphezulu oya kulawula ukungena kuyo. 

Isivuno sangempela yimetric elula. Vula u-“My Circle” okanye “Headhunter”, qikelela i-avareji yomyinge wemivuzo kwi-specialty yakho (ngamanye amaxesha uhlalutyo esele lulungile luyafumaneka). Isalathiso semivuzo kushishino lwenzeka ukuya kutsho kwi-10% ngonyaka, kwicandelo likarhulumente ukuya kutsho malunga ne-5% ngonyaka. Kulula ukubala, kodwa ungakulibali ukuba kwiminyaka eyi-N kuya kubakho ukulungiswa kobunzulu bemfuno, utshintsho kwi-landscape ye-sphere, njl. 

Isantya sophuhliso lomsebenzi kunye nokukhula indawo nganye ineyayo. Ngaphezu koko, ayifumaneki kuyo yonke indawo kwaye akufuneki ibe yeyothando: ngamanye amaxesha kungcono ukushukuma ngokuthe tye, funda ubuchule obutsha kwaye ungasebenzeli ukungena kwincwadi yomsebenzi, kodwa kwinqanaba lokwenyani lomvuzo (elixineneyo, kodwa ngaphezulu. ngaloo nto kuthotho olulandelayo). Into ephambili kukudlulisela kumfundi ukuba akayi kuba ngumphathi ngokukhawuleza, kuya kufuneka asebenze, kwaye ipro yangempela ngamanye amaxesha ixabisa ngaphezu komphathi wakhe. 

Ukukhula okuqhubelekayo kunye nendaleko yobungcali -uqhubekeko olubalulekileyo lwemetric yangaphambili. Izifundo zobungcali ngokuqhubekayo, kude kube ngumhla wokugqibela emsebenzini (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nasemva). Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukunxibelelanisa utyekelo lomfundi lokufunda kunye neemfuno zomsebenzi owufunayo (umzekelo, inkwenkwe iphupha ukuba ngugqirha, ine-A kwi-chemistry kunye ne-biology, kodwa ivila ngokufunda - oku kubonisa ukuba unokuba neengxaki zophuhliso lwezakhono kwixesha elizayo.), kodwa musa ukuxhonywa kuyo: ngokufuthi emva kwekholeji umntu omdala ufunda ngolonwabo aze aqhubeke nemfundo yakhe, kodwa esikolweni kwakungekho buvila, kodwa intiyo yembali enomthwalo kunye nejografi ekruqulayo.

Yintoni omawuyiqwalasele?

Xa ukhetha umsebenzi, kufuneka uncede umntwana wakho, kodwa ungamgqibeli (ndiqinisekisa ukuba awuyi kufumana "enkosi"). Kwangaxeshanye, kubalulekile ukuba ungaphoswa nkcukacha enye kwaye, mhlawumbi, nokuba ujonge umntu omthandayo kancinci ngaphandle, ngokungqongqo nangokungakhethi cala (ngokucacileyo, ukukwazi ukujijela i-butt yakho kuLambada akukabikho kwiklasi B. kumdaniso we-ballroom, nokuba ungawufuna kangakanani ). 

• Imikhwa eqhelekileyo ebantwaneni - esi sesona siseko sesikhokelo somsebenzi esithe sathetha ngaso ngasentla: "umntu", "indalo", "umatshini", "iinkqubo zolwazi". Akukho bantu bangenazityekelo kunye nevector yeminqweno yekamva labo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi indlela eyongameleyo. Nkqu nee-generalists zineenguqu ezithile kwicala elinye okanye kwelinye. Nikelani ingqalelo kwinto ethethwa ngumfundi, zeziphi izifundo ezilula kuye kwaye kutheni, yintoni agxile kuyo kwincoko, nokuba unokucinga nge-algorithmic, indlela ephuhliswe ngayo ingqiqo yakhe okanye ukucinga kwakhe. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqwalaselwa okunjalo kokuphendula okuzenzekelayo kuchanekile ngakumbi kuneemvavanyo, kuba umfundi oneminyaka eyi-13-17 unokuqikelela ngokulula ukuba angaphendula njani ukuze afumane umphumo awayewufuna ngelo xesha kwaye akhohlise inkqubo kunye nabantu abadala :)
• Iminqweno yomfundi kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo kwaye akhuthazwe, mhlawumbi avunyelwe ukuba "adlule" iphupha lakhe lomsebenzi - ngale ndlela uya kuthatha isigqibo ngokukhawuleza. Musa naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko ukumjikisa ekukhetheni kwakhe, ungabonisi umsebenzi wakhe ngendlela engalunganga ("Bonke abacwangcisi benkqubo bangamageza", "intombazana ayinandawo kwisebe lezemoto", "ha ha, Psychology, uyaphambana wena, ngaba uza kunyanga abaqhawule umtshato okanye into", "umqhubi weteksi? Ewe, baya kukubulala" - ngokusekelwe kwiziganeko zangempela). Ukuba kunokwenzeka, vumela umntwana wakho ukuba azame okukhethekileyo, okanye ubuncinane inxalenye yayo: cwangcisa umsebenzi wexeshana ehlotyeni, cela uncedo olunxulumene nomsebenzi, cela abahlobo bakho ukuba bakuqeshe iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuba kukho ithuba elinjalo, lisebenza nje ngokungenasiphako: mhlawumbi ukupholisa kunye nokuphoxeka kubeka, okanye ukuzonwabisa kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwezicwangciso zexesha elizayo.
• Iimpawu zosapho Asikwazi ukushiya amacandelo ethu anzima: ukuba yonke intsapho iyinjineli yezobuchwephesha kwaye intombi iye yakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwamabanga ekhonkrithi ukususela ebuntwaneni, iyazi ubukhulu bokuqinisa, iyahlula phakathi kweentlobo ze-masonry, kwaye kwiminyaka eyi-7 inakho. chaza ukuba ukufudumeza kusebenza njani ... oku akuthethi ukuba umsebenzi wokwakha umlindile, hayi, kodwa akufanele ulindele ukuthandana no-Akhmatova kunye nemisebenzi yokuqala yePetrarch, oku akusiyo nje indawo yakhe. Nangona kukho iimeko. Nangona kunjalo, i-nepotism akufanele ifake uxinzelelo kumfundi, imnyanzele ukuba abe ngumntu, kuba abazali bakhe banjalo. Ewe, inzuzo yakho icacile: kulula ukuqeqesha, ukunceda, ukufumana umsebenzi, njl. Kodwa inzuzo yeyakho, kwaye ubomi bomntwana wakho, kwaye mhlawumbi ukhetho lobukhosi aluhambisani naye ngesizathu esithile.

Kwenzeka ukuba abazali baqinisekile ukuba umntwana wabo akafuni nantoni na, akanalo iminqweno kunye notyekelo, akazami ukukhetha eyunivesithi, akacingi ngekamva. Ngapha koko, akwenzeki ngolo hlobo, kuhlala kukho into oyithandayo - kwaye yile nto kufuneka wakhe kuyo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho ubunzima bokwenyani, thetha nabafundisi-ntsapho, mamela iingcebiso zabo, qhagamshelana nogqirha wengqondo yentlalontle obonelela ngesikhokelo somsebenzi kulutsha (kukho oosomashishini babucala abapholileyo kakhulu - ngakumbi ngabo ngezantsi). Intombi yomntwana endifunda naye ineminyaka eli-15 ubudala, ingumntwana osemncinci kakhulu, umama wakhe ngumfazi wekhaya ongenamfundo kwaye ujonga intombi yakhe ngokungathi “ayifuni kwanto.” Intombazana yanika ikofu emnandi eyenziwe ekhaya, yasonga amaqhiya ngobubele, yaza yanika ikeyiki yeAnthill, eyayizenzele yona. — Katya, awucingi ukuba kufuneka azizame njengompheki wepastry okanye asebenze ekhefi? “Hee, akangomntu ocela uncedo lokusebenzela wonke umntu, ndiza kumnyanzela ukuba abe ngumphathi-mali. Umkhusane.

Yintoni ekufuneka umfundi ayazi malunga nomsebenzi?

Xa ungumfundi, uhlala uzama ukufihla iinjongo eziyinyani zokuziphatha okanye ukhetho lwakho, ukuze ungabonakali ukhulile okanye uqhutywe. Ngoko ke, kunzima kakhulu kubazali ukufumanisa apho umnqweno womsebenzi othile uvela phi, ngakumbi ukuba kwenzeka ngequbuliso. Kwaye akufanele wenze oku, kungcono ukuhambisa imithetho ethile yomdlalo.

• Nawuphi na umsebenzi ubandakanya isabelo sesiqhelo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100% yawo wonke umsebenzi) - umfundi kufuneka aqonde ukuba, kunye neempawu ezinqwenelekayo okanye ezibonakalayo, uya kufumana imisebenzi emininzi yesiqhelo, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunokwenza uninzi lomsebenzi. : umdwelisi weprogram akabhali iinkqubo ezipheleleyo (ukuba akayena umnini-shishini okanye u-freelancer), kodwa usebenza inxalenye yakhe yekhowudi; ugqirha kufuneka agcwalise intaba yamaphepha, nokuba igosa le-ambulensi okanye ugqirha; I-astronaut iqeqesha ixesha elide, ifunda kakhulu, kwaye emajukujukwini iyafuneka ukugqiba inani elikhulu lemisebenzi, njl. Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba akukho msebenzi ngaphandle kokucaciswa okunjalo; akufuneki uwuthande umsebenzi.
• Umsebenzi ngumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wengcali. Ukuba udibanisa ubomi bakho kunye nomsebenzi othile, ngoko ngeqondo eliphezulu lokunokwenzeka, kuya kuba ngonaphakade: yonke imihla, ngekhefu elifutshane, abaphathi, iMivulo, abaphantsi okunzima, njl. 
• Ifashoni kunye nodumo lomsebenzi ungatshintsha - nangaphambi kokuba aphumelele eyunivesithi. Kwaye ke kuya kubakho iindlela ezimbini: tshintsha iziqinisekiso zakho okanye ube ngowona ubalaseleyo kumsebenzi wakho ukuze uqinisekise imfuno kwimarike yabasebenzi.
• Awungekhe utshintshe isimo sakho sengqondo emntwini kwisimo sakho sengqondo ngakulo lonke icandelo lomsebenzi - ukuba uyawuthanda umsebenzi ngenxa yokuba utata wakho / umalume / umntakwenu / umlingiswa wefilimu ungumnikazi wawo, oku akuthethi ukuba uya kuziva ukhululekile kuyo. Mntu ngamnye umele azikhethele into ayithandayo nayilungeleyo. Kunokubakho imizekelo, kodwa akufuneki kubekho izithixo. 
• Kuya kufuneka uwuthande umsebenzi, kufuneka uwathande amacandelo awo. Umsebenzi ngamnye uhlukaniswe ngamacandelo amaninzi: umsebenzi ophambili kunye neenjongo zawo, oogxa, indawo yokusebenza, iziseko zophuhliso, "abathengi" bomsebenzi, indawo yangaphandle kunye nobudlelwane bayo nomsebenzi. Awukwazi ukwamkela into enye kwaye ulahle yonke enye into, okanye ukhanyele ubukho bezinto zangaphandle. Ukuze usebenze kakuhle kwaye ufumane ukwaneliseka, kubalulekile ukufumana izinto ezintle kuzo zonke izinto ezidweliswe kwaye, xa ucima iwashi, yazi ukuba kutheni uyicimile ngoku (yintoni, ngaphandle kwemali). 
• Uhambo olude luqala ngoluhlu lwamanyathelo amancinci - awukwazi ukuba mkhulu kwaye udume, ube namava kwaye ukhokele. Kuya kubakho iimpazamo, izinyeliso, abacebisi kunye nabakhuphisana nabo, amanyathelo okuqala aya kubonakala engabonakali, amancinci. Kodwa enyanisweni, emva kwenyathelo ngalinye elinjalo kuya kubakho impumelelo - isiseko samava. Akukho mfuneko yokwesaba ukuhamba okanye ukukhawuleza ukusuka emsebenzini ukuya emsebenzini ngenxa yezizathu ezingabalulekanga: ilitye likhula kwindawo, kwaye lowo uhambayo uya kukwazi kakuhle indlela.

• Ukuqala kwekhondo lomsebenzi phantse kuhlala kukruqula - akukho mntu uya kunika umntu osaqalayo imisebenzi enzima enomdla, kuya kufuneka usondele kuyo yonke into ukusuka kumda, ukusuka kwizinto ezisisiseko, ufunde, inkosi, uphinda izinto ezikruqulayo imihla ngemihla. Kodwa ngokuchanekileyo kungokuqonda ezi zinto ukuba ingcali encinci ikwazi ukuntywila kwiziseko ezinzulu zomsebenzi. Oku kukruqula akunakuphepheka, ngoko kuya kufuneka ufunde ukufumana ulonwabo kuyo.
• Ukulawula imali nako kungumsebenzi. Ngokuqinisekileyo abazali bethu abasidluliselanga le thesis, kwaye ngandlel’ ithile sikude kuyo. Kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ukufumana okanye ukonga, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukulawula imali kwaye ukwazi ukuphila ngemali onayo ngeli xesha. Esi sisakhono esixabisekileyo, esikufundisa ukuba uhloniphe i-ego yakho yobungcali kunye nobuchule, kungekhona ukusebenzela iipennies, kodwa kunye nokubiza ngokwaneleyo ixabiso lakho. 

Oku kuye kwaba licandelo lentanda-bulumko kancinane, kodwa le yeyona nto kanye ixhaswa ngabazali ngesikhokelo somsebenzi womfundi, isiqalo sokuqala sokuzihlonipha kwakhe njengengcali yexesha elizayo.

Yintoni kwaye ngubani oza kunceda?

Isikhokelo somsebenzi yinkqubo emisela ubomi bakho bonke, ngoko ke kufuneka uthembele, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwiindlela zomntu wesithathu kunye nakuncedo lweengcali.

• Ingcaphephe yobungcali yabucala - umntu onokufumana ngokwenene iminqweno enzulu kunye nezakhono kumntwana. Rhoqo ezi ayizongqondongqondo zentlalo kuphela, kodwa ziingcali ze-HR, apho amakhulu abafaki-zicelo badlulayo kwaye banokuvavanya ngokunyamekileyo ukuba umntwana wakho ulungele ntoni na kwaye ulindele ntoni na.

Emva kokusebenza nengcali yesikhokelo somsebenzi, isiphumo esifanayo!

• Ukuhlola: kufuneka uqikelele into oyithandayo ngokwenene, into oyilungeleyo (kwaloo ndlela inye), into ongayithandiyo, into ongayilungelanga ngayo nayiphi na imbuyekezo. Kungcono ukuyibhala phantsi ephepheni kwaye uyigcine ukuze ubuyele kuyo ukuze uphinde uyiphindaphinde kamva. Itheyibhile enjalo iya kukunceda uqonde ekudibaneni kweziphi izakhono ezifunekayo ukuba ube khona. 
• Imephu yobuchwephesha obufanelekileyo - bhala phantsi zonke ii-professiones ezithi, ngokusekelwe kwezinye iimpawu, ezifanelekileyo kumfundi, xoxa nganye nganye, ugxininise iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga, kwaye uthelekise kunye namathuba okungena kwiyunivesiti ehambelana nayo. Ke, unokuzibekela umda kwiindawo ezininzi kwaye ucinge malunga nophuhliso olongezelelweyo lobuchwephesha (umzekelo, ubuchwephesha obuseleyo yi-videographer, umdwelisi weprogram, injineli yeemoto kunye nomphathi wolwandle, phakathi kwabo kukho i-vector enye - iingcali zobugcisa, unxibelelwano kunye nohlobo oluthile lwezixhobo; sele kunokwenzeka ukuba ufunde amathemba omsebenzi ngamnye, ukuvavanya oko kuya kuba ngathi uphuma eyunivesithi njl.njl. Nangona ukusasazeka kusekukhulu kakhulu). 
• Ootitshala besikolo - ababukeli ababalulekileyo kunye namangqina okukhula komntwana wakho, ngamanye amaxesha banokubona oko abazali abangakuqapheliyo. Ngapha koko, babona umfundi ngokuyintloko ngokwembono yengqondo, babona amandla akhe njengengcali yexesha elizayo. Thetha nabo, uxoxe ngombandela wophuhliso lobungcali, ukuqwalasela kwabo kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo ngokwenene. 

Xa uqokelela uze uthelekise le datha, kuya kuba lula kuwe ukwazi indlela onokumnceda ngayo umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo akhethe kanye ulwalathiso lwakhe.

Lo ngumzobo wesikhokelo sobugcisa obuqhelekileyo, apho kucacile ukuba umsebenzi onempumelelo uya kukhula ekudibaneni kweminqweno, izakhono (kubandakanywa nezomzimba) kunye neemfuno zemarike yabasebenzi.

Kodwa siye sathanda olunye uhlobo lwakhe - ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo malunga nalo!

Indlela yokunyusa ingcali ye-IT?

Ukuba umntwana okwishumi elivisayo (okanye ungcono, umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-12 ubudala) unesakhono esithile sokucinga ngengqiqo, i-algorithms, kunye nembono yobunjineli bezinto, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye unikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwezinye izinto:

1. iincwadi, ngokukodwa iincwadi, kwisayensi yekhompyutha kunye nemathematika - okokuqala, ezi zizifundo eziyimfuneko, kwaye okwesibini, umfundi wakho uya kuqhela ukusebenza ngoncwadi lobungcali; kubomi bomsebenzi, umdwelisi olungileyo akafane enze ngaphandle kweencwadi;
2. iiklabhu kwiirobhothi kunye neprogram - abacebisi ngendlela yokudlala baya kufundisa umntwana i-algorithms esisiseko, imisebenzi, iikhonsepthi ezivela kwintsimi ye-IT (i-stack, imemori, ulwimi lweprogram, itoliki, uvavanyo, njl.);
3. IsiNgesi - kufuneka ufunde ulwimi ngokubaluleke kakhulu, unakekele iindidi kunye nobunzulu besigama, icandelo lengxoxo (ukusuka ekunxibelelana noontanga kwizicelo nakwi-Skype ukuya kufunda ngexesha leeholide kwizikolo zolwimi lwangaphandle okanye kwiinkampu);
4. malunga neerobhothi kunye nezixhobo zokwakha izindlu - ngoku kukho iirobhothi ezicwangcisiweyo kulo naliphi na icandelo lexabiso, kubalulekile ukuphonononga izabelo zomsebenzi wasekhaya kunye nomfundi kunye nokwandisa ulwazi;
5. ukuba ukulungele ukwenza i-Arduino kwaye ufumane umntwana ofikisayo onwabe ngayo, yiloo nto ke, umsebenzi sele ugqityiwe.

Kodwa emva komdlalo kunye nothando, umntu akufanele alibale malunga nemigaqo esisiseko yefiziksi, imathematika kunye nesayensi yekhompyuter; kufuneka babekho kubomi bomntwana wesikolo onomdla wophuhliso (kwaye ngokwenene nawuphi na umntu ofundileyo).

Ukufunda-akumele silibale ngayo: umbuzo kunye nempendulo

Kakade ke, nokuba sele ukhokele ikhondo lomsebenzi womntwana wakho ukususela kwibanga lokuqala kwaye uzithembile ngekamva lakhe, oku akuthethi ukuba ufanele uyeke ukufunda esikolweni kwaye ugxile kwinto enye. 

Uzifunda njani izifundo "ezingundoqo"?

Ngokukodwa nzulu, kusetyenziswa uncwadi olongezelelweyo, iincwadi zeengxaki kunye neencwadi zereferensi. Injongo yokufunda ayikona nje ukuphumelela uMviwo weLizwe eliManyeneyo kakuhle, kodwa nokuza eyunivesithi elungiselelwe, ngokuqonda isifundo kunye nendawo yayo kumsebenzi wexesha elizayo.

Indlela yokuphatha izifundo ezingekho ngundoqo?

Ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sesizathu kunye namabhongo omntu - ukufunda, ukupasa, ukubhala iimvavanyo, musa ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kuzo. Ngaphandle: Iilwimi zesiRashiya kunye nezangaphandle, zifanelekile kuyo nayiphi na into ekhethekileyo, ngoko ke nikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kubo. 

Indlela yokusebenza ngomthwalo owongezelelweyo?

Iingxaki zokuntsokotha okwandileyo kunye neeOlympiads zisisiqalo sekhondo lomsebenzi, ngaphandle kobaxo. Baphucula indlela ocinga ngayo, bakufundisa ukugxila kumgama omfutshane kwaye uzisombulule iingxaki ngokunzulu, bakunike isakhono sokuzibonakalisa kunye nokukwazi ukuphumelela / ukuthatha ukubetha. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna ukuya kwiyunivesithi ethile kwaye umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo sele ephuhlise ulindelo lomsebenzi, kufanelekile ukuthatha inxaxheba kwii-olympiads, iinkomfa, kunye nokhuphiswano lomsebenzi wesayensi wabafundi.

Kwangaxeshanye, impilo ifanele ibe ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into; le yingongoma ebalulekileyo abazali abayilibalayo kwaye abantwana abakayiqondi.

Ngaba kufuneka ndiye kwisikolo sobugcisa emva kwebanga lesi-8/9?

Kuphela sisigqibo sabazali kunye nomfundi ngokwakhe. Akukho nto imbi kwimfundo ngokwesikolo sobugcisa + iskimu saseyunivesithi, kukho iingenelo ezingakumbi. Kodwa ukufunda kunzima ngakumbi.

Ngaba ndifanele nditshintshe isikolo ndisenze kwisikolo esikhethekileyo?

Kucetyiswa ukuba uyitshintshe - ngale ndlela umfundi uya kuba nethuba elingcono lokupasa i-Uniified State Exam ngamanqaku aphezulu (kakuhle, libali elifanayo kunye neemviwo zokungena, ukuba babuya kuyo yonke indawo kwixesha elizayo - ithuba lisekhona. phezulu). Akufanele woyike ukwenzakala ngokwasengqondweni; Ukutshintsha iqela kunenzuzo enkulu: umfundi wexesha elizayo uya kubaqaphela abanye abafundi afunda nabo kunye nabo afunda nabo ngaphambili, kwaye oku kunegalelo elikhulu ekuziqhelaniseni neyunivesithi. Kodwa ukuba umntwana okwishumi elivisayo akanakuhluthwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ihlabathi lesikolo libaluleke kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo, akufanelekanga ukumkrazula, kungcono ukuchitha ixesha kwiiklasi ezongezelelweyo.

Izinto zokukhetha iyunivesiti?

Zininzi izinto: ukusuka ekufudukeleni kwezinye izixeko ukuya kwiimpawu zangaphakathi zeyunivesiti, zonke zixhomekeke kumntu ngamnye. Kodwa kufanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwiziseko zokusebenza (ukuba awunayo eyakho engqondweni), ukuya kwinqanaba lokufunda ulwimi eyunivesithi, kwiprofayili ephambili yesayensi (iilebhu zesayensi), kubukho besebe lomkhosi. (kubani oku kufanelekileyo).

Ukuqala nini ukusebenza?

Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu - ngaba kufanelekile ukuqalisa ukusebenza esikolweni, kwaye impendulo kuyo ngumntu ngamnye. Kodwa, ngokombono wam, kufanelekile ukuzama ukusebenza ehlotyeni phakathi kwe-9 kunye ne-10, i-10 kunye ne-11 ibakala-ngokucacileyo ukuze uqonde indlela intsebenziswano esebenza ngayo kwiqela lomsebenzi, indlela uxanduva olusasazwa ngayo, ngawaphi amadigri enkululeko / engeyonkululeko. zikhona. Kodwa ehlotyeni lokungena eyunivesithi, kukho uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nomsebenzi - ke ndabhalisa kwaye ndaphumla, ngakumbi, ngcono.

Enyanisweni, sinokuthetha ngesi sihloko ngonaphakade, kwaye sifuna indlela enzulu yomntu ngamnye. Kodwa kubonakala ngathi ukuba umzali ngamnye uphulaphula ubuncinane iingongoma ezithile kweli nqaku, kuya kuba lula ngabantwana besikolo ukukhetha umsebenzi wexesha elizayo, yaye umama notata baya kukwazi ukusiphepha isityholo esithi “Ndandingafuni ukuya kule nto. eyunivesithi, ugqibe ngam.” Umsebenzi wabantu abadala awukondla nje abantwana babo ngeentlanzi, kodwa ukubanika intonga yokuloba nokubafundisa indlela yokuyisebenzisa. Ixesha lesikolo lisisiseko esikhulu sobomi bakho bonke bexesha elizayo, ngoko kufuneka usiphathe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ulandele imigaqo emithathu ephambili: intlonipho, isikhokelo kunye nothando. Ndikholelwe, iya kubuyela kuwe kalikhulu. 

Kwisiqendu esilandelayo, siza kudlula kwiipaseji ezintlanu/ezintandathu zezifundo zaseyunivesithi kwaye ekugqibeleni sigqibe kwelokuba iyafuneka okanye “mhlawumbi, ukuya esihogweni ngediploma?” Ungaphosi!

Umbhalo wokunyoluka

Ngendlela, silibale malunga nenqaku elibalulekileyo - ukuba ufuna ukukhula njengengcali ye-IT, kufuneka uqhelane neeprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo esikolweni. Oku akuthethi ukuba kufuneka ufake isandla kuphuhliso olukhulu, kodwa lixesha lokuba uqale ukusika kunye nokukhulisa iprojekthi yakho yesilwanyana sasekhaya, uhlalutya ithiyori ngokusebenza. Kwaye ukuba sele ukhulile kwaye uswele into yophuhliso, umzekelo, unamandla alungileyo VPS, Yiya e Iwebhusayithi yeRUVDS - Sinezinto ezininzi ezinomdla.

umthombo: www.habr.com