Nyanga nganye sifunda iindaba ezingokusilela nokusilela kwemfundo eUnited States. Ukuba uyakholwa ngundaba-mlonyeni, ngoko ke isikolo samabanga aphantsi eMelika asikwazi ukufundisa abafundi nokuba nolwazi olusisiseko, ulwazi olunikwa sisikolo esiphakamileyo ngokucacileyo alwanelanga ukuba bamkelwe ekholejini, kwaye abantwana besikolo abasakwaziyo ukuzibamba bade bagqibe ekholejini bazifumanele. engenakuzinceda ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kweendonga zayo. Kodwa kutshanje kuye kwapapashwa amanani abangel’ umdla abonisa ukuba ubuncinane kwinkalo enye, uluvo olunjalo lukude kakhulu nenyaniso. Ngaphandle kweengxaki ezaziwayo-kakuhle zenkqubo yemfundo yasesekondari yaseMelika, abafundi abaphumelele kwiikholeji zaseMelika ezigxile kwisayensi yekhompyuter baye baba ziingcali eziphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye zikhuphisana kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana nabo bangaphandle.
Uphononongo, oluqhutywe liqela labaphandi bamazwe ngamazwe, luthelekisa abaphumelele kwikholeji yase-US nabaphumelele esikolweni abavela kumazwe amathathu amakhulu apho i-US ikhupha uphuhliso lwe-software: i-China, i-Indiya neRashiya. La mazwe mathathu adume ngabaprogramu beklasi yokuqala kunye nabaphumeleleyo kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe, igama labo lihle, kwaye izenzo eziyimpumelelo zabaduni baseRashiya nabaseTshayina zihlala zibonakala kwiindaba. Ukongeza, iChina kunye neIndiya zineemarike ezinkulu zesoftware zasekhaya ezinikezelwa ngamanani amakhulu etalente yasekhaya. Zonke ezi zinto zenza abadwelisi benkqubo abasuka kula mazwe mathathu babe luphawu olufanelekileyo lokuthelekisa abafundi baseMelika abaphumeleleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, abafundi abaninzi abasuka kula mazwe beza kufunda eUnited States.
Uphononongo alubango lubanzi kwaye, ngakumbi, aluqhathanisi iziphumo zabantu baseMelika kunye neziphumo zabafundi abaphumelele kwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo edemokhrasi ekhululekileyo njenge-United States. Ngoko ke akunakutshiwo ukuba iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zinokujongwa ngokubanzi ngokuxhasa impumelelo engacacanga kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo yemfundo yaseMelika kwihlabathi liphela. Kodwa amazwe avavanyiweyo kolu phando ahlalutywa nzulu nangenyameko. Kula mazwe mathathu, abaphandi bakhetha ngokungenamkhethe amaziko emfundo ahlukeneyo angama-85 phakathi kweeyunivesithi “eziphakamileyo” kunye “neziqhelekileyo” zesayensi yekhompyuter. Abaphandi bavumile ukuba iyunivesithi nganye kwezi yunivesithi iqhube uviwo ngokuzithandela lweeyure ezimbini phakathi kwabafundi bonyaka wokugqibela abazingcaphephe kwinkqubo. Uviwo lulungiswe ziingcali ze-ETS, , ngalinye lalinemibuzo engama-66 enemibuzo emininzi, yaye laliqhutywa ngolwimi lwasekuhlaleni. Imibuzo ibandakanya izakhiwo zedatha ezicacileyo, i-algorithms kunye noqikelelo lobunzima bazo, iingxaki zokugcina kunye nokudlulisa ulwazi, imisebenzi yeprogram jikelele kunye noyilo lweprogram. Imisebenzi yayingabotshelelwanga kulo naluphi na ulwimi lwenkqubo ethile kwaye yabhalwa kwi-pseudocode engabonakaliyo (ngokufana noDonald Knuth kumsebenzi wakhe othi "Ubugcisa beNkqubo"). Lilonke, i-6847 yaseMelika, i-678 yaseTshayina, i-364 yamaNdiya kunye ne-551 yaseRashiya ithathe inxaxheba kwisifundo.
Ngokweziphumo zeemviwo, iziphumo zabantu baseMelika bezingcono kakhulu kuneziphumo zabafundi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Nangona abafundi baseMelika bangena ekholejini benamanqaku amabi kakhulu kwizibalo kunye nefiziksi kuneentanga zabo phesheya kolwandle, bahlala befumana amanqaku angcono kakhulu kwiimvavanyo ngelixa bephumelela. Sithetha, ewe, ngokungafaniyo ngokwamanani - iziphumo zabafundi azixhomekanga kuphela kwikholeji, kodwa nakwizakhono zomntu ngamnye, ngoko ke iziphumo zabafundi abahlukeneyo kwiikholeji ezifanayo zinokwahluka ngokusisiseko kwaye ophumeleleyo " ikholeji embi” inokuba ngcono kunomntu ophumeleleyo kwikholeji “ekumgangatho ophezulu.” IYunivesithi. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-avareji, abantu baseMelika bafumene i-0.76 yokuphambuka okusemgangathweni ngcono kuvavanyo kunamaRussia, amaIndiya, okanye amaTshayina. Lo msantsa ujika ube mkhulu ngakumbi ukuba sahlula abafundi abaphumeleleyo kwiiyunivesithi "eziphakamileyo" kunye "eziqhelekileyo" kwaye singazithelekisi kwiqela elinye, kodwa ngokwahlukeneyo - iiyunivesithi zaseRussia eziphakamileyo ezineekholeji zase-US eziphakamileyo, iiyunivesithi eziqhelekileyo zaseRussia ezineekholeji eziqhelekileyo zaseMelika. Abafundi abathweswe izidanga kumaziko emfundo “elite”, njengoko bekulindelekile, babonise ngokomndilili iziphumo ezingcono kunabo baphumelele kwizikolo “eziqhelekileyo,” kwaye ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokusasazeka okuncinci kwamabanga phakathi kwabafundi abahlukeneyo, iyantlukwano phakathi kwabafundi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo yacaca ngakumbi. . Ngokwenene iziphumo egqibelele Iziphumo zeidyunivesithi zaseRussia, eTshayina naseIndiya beziphantse zifane eziqhelekileyo Iikholeji zaseMelika. Izikolo zase-Elite zaseMelika ziye zajika, ngokomndilili, zibengcono kunezikolo zaseRashiya eziphakamileyo njengoko iiyunivesithi zaseRashiya eziphakamileyo, ngokomndilili, zingcono kuneekholeji eziqhelekileyo "zokwakha ucingo". Kukwanika umdla ukuba uphononongo alukhange luveze umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kweziphumo zabafundi abaphumelele eyunivesithi eRussia, eIndiya naseTshayina.
Umzobo 1. Iziphumo zovavanyo oluyi-avareji, oluqheleke ukuya kutenxa oluqhelekileyo, kubafundi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo nakumaqela ahlukeneyo eedyunivesithi.
Abaphandi bazama ukuthathela ingqalelo kwaye bangabandakanyi izizathu ezicwangcisiweyo ezinokuthi zenzeke. Umzekelo, enye yeengqikelelo ezivavanyiweyo yayikukuba ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo kwiiyunivesithi zaseMelika zibangelwa kukuba abona bafundi babalaseleyo bamanye amazwe beza kufunda eUnited States, ngelixa kushiyeke abafundi ababi kakhulu kwilizwe labo. Nangona kunjalo, ukungabandakanyi abo bangathethi isiNgesi kwinani labafundi "baseMelika" akuzange kutshintshe iziphumo nangayiphi na indlela.
Enye ingongoma enomdla yayiluhlalutyo lweeyantlukwano zesini. Kuwo onke amazwe, amakhwenkwe wabonisa, ngokomndilili, iziphumo ebonakalayo ngcono kunamantombazana, kodwa umsantsa wafumana yayincinane kakhulu kunomsantsa phakathi abaphumelele kwiiyunivesithi angaphandle kunye baseMelika. Ngenxa yoko, amantombazana aseMerika, ngenxa yemfundo engcono, aye, ngokomyinge, anamandla ngakumbi kunamakhwenkwe angaphandle. Kuyabonakala ukuba, oku kubonisa ukuba umahluko obonwayo kwiziphumo zamakhwenkwe namantombazana ubangelwa ikakhulu kukwahluka kwenkcubeko nemfundo kwiindlela zokufundisa amakhwenkwe namantombazana kungekhona kubuchule bemvelo, ekubeni intombazana efunde kakuhle ibetha ngokulula umfana ofundisiweyo. hayi kakuhle. Ngenxa yoku, into yokuba abenzi benkqubo ababhinqileyo eUnited States bahlawulwe emva koko, ngokwe-avareji, imali encinane kakhulu kunabadwelisi benkqubo abangamadoda, kuyabonakala ukuba ayinanto yakwenza nobuchule babo bokwenyani.
Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yokuhlalutya idatha, iziphumo ezifunyenwe kwisifundo, ngokuqinisekileyo, azikwazi kuthathwa njengenyaniso engenakuguqulwa. Nangona abaphandi benza yonke imizamo yokuguqulela zonke iimvavanyo ngokugqibeleleyo, inkampani eyabadala isagxile ekuvavanyeni abafundi baseMelika. Akunakukhutshwa ukuba iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zabantu baseMelika zinokuba ngenxa yokuba kubo imibuzo enjalo yayisaziwa ngcono kwaye iqhelekile kunoontanga babo bangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, isibakala sokuba abafundi baseTshayina, eIndiya naseRashiya abaneenkqubo zemfundo ezahlukeneyo kunye novavanyo babonise phantse iziphumo ezifanayo ngokungangqalanga kubonisa ukuba oku mhlawumbi asiyongcamango ebambekayo.
Ukushwankathela konke okuthethiweyo, ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba e-USA namhlanje, abafundi abangamawaka angama-65 bagqibezela imfundo kwicandelo lesayensi yekhompyuter minyaka le. Eli nani liye lakhula kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa lihlala likude kakhulu kumanani aseTshayina (amawaka angama-185 abaphumeleleyo-abaprogram ngonyaka) kunye ne-Indiya (abaphumelele i-215 lamawaka). Kodwa nangona iUnited States ayiyi kuba nako ukushiya "ukungenisa" abadwelisi beenkqubo zangaphandle kwixesha elizayo, olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba abaphumeleleyo baseMerika balungiselelwe ngcono kunabo bakhuphisana nabo bangaphandle.
Isuka kumguquleli: Ndachukunyiswa lolu phando kwaye ndagqiba ekubeni ndiyithumele kuHabr ngenxa yokuba iminyaka yam ye-15 yamava kwi-IT, ngelishwa, iqinisekisa ngokungathanga ngqo. Abaphumeleleyo abohlukeneyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, banamanqanaba ahlukeneyo oqeqesho, kwaye iRashiya ivelisa ubuncinane iitalente zehlabathi ngokwenene ezikumgangatho wehlabathi minyaka le; nangona kunjalo phakathi iziphumo zesidanga, ubunzima Inqanaba loqeqesho lwabaprogram kwilizwe lethu, yeha, liqhwalela kakhulu. Kwaye ukuba sisuka kude ekuthelekiseni abaphumeleleyo kwii-Olympiads zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabaphumelele kwiKholeji yase-Ohio State ukuthelekisa abantu abaninzi okanye abathelekisekayo, ngoko ke umahluko, ngelishwa, uyamangalisa. Masithi ndafunda kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State kwaye ndafunda uphando ngabafundi beMIT - kwaye oku, yeha, linqanaba elihluke ngokupheleleyo. Imfundo eRashiya - nkqu uqeqesho lwenkqubo olungafuni nkcitho yenkunzi - ilandela inqanaba jikelele lophuhliso lwelizwe kwaye, kunikwe inqanaba eliphantsi ngokubanzi lemivuzo kushishino, ekuhambeni kweminyaka, ngokombono wam, iya isiba mandundu. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ngandlela thile ubuyisele umva lo mkhwa okanye ngaba ngokuqinisekileyo lixesha lokuthumela abantwana ukuba baye kufunda eMelika? Ndicebisa ukuxoxa ngale nto kwizimvo.
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umthombo: www.habr.com