Sekude kube ngumbono omiselweyo kwi-HR ukuba umsebenzi ophumelelayo kwi-IT awunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwemfundo eqhubekayo. Abanye ngokuqhelekileyo bancomela ukukhetha umqeshi oneenkqubo eziqinileyo zoqeqesho lwabaqeshwa bakhe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani elikhulu lezikolo zemfundo eyongezelelweyo yemfundo yezandla ziye zavela kwicandelo le-IT. Izicwangciso zophuhliso lomntu ngamnye kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi luhamba phambili.
Ukuqwalasela iindlela ezinjalo, siku "Isangqa sam" bonisa izifundo ezigqityiweyo kwiprofayile yakho. Kwaye baqhuba isifundo: baququzelela uphando kwaye baqokelela iimpendulo ezivela kwi-3700 My Circle kunye nabasebenzisi be-Habr malunga namava abo emfundo:
- Kwinxalenye yokuqala yolu phando, siyaqonda ukuba ubukho bemfundo ephakamileyo kunye neyongezelelweyo ichaphazela njani ingqesho kunye nemisebenzi, ngokusekelwe kwiingcamango zeengcali ze-IT zifumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo kunye nokuba yeyiphi imimandla, yintoni abayifumana ngayo ekugqibeleni ekusebenzeni, kwaye ngaziphi iikhrayitheriya. bakhetha izifundo.
- Kwinxalenye yesibini yesifundo, esiza kukhutshwa kamva kancinane, siza kujonga kumaziko emfundo eyongezelelweyo ekhoyo kwimarike namhlanje, sifumanise ukuba yeyiphi na kuzo ezona zidumileyo kwaye zezona zifunwa kakhulu, kwaye ekugqibeleni bakhe ukukala kwabo.
1. Indima yemfundo esisiseko neyongezelelweyo kwingqesho nakwikhondo lomsebenzi
I-85% yeengcali ezisebenza kwi-IT zinemfundo ephakamileyo: i-70% sele igqibile, i-15% isagqiba. Kwangaxeshanye, yi-60% kuphela enemfundo enxulumene ne-IT. Phakathi kweengcaphephe ezinemfundo ephakamileyo engeyiyo engundoqo, kukho “iingcali” eziphindwe kabini kunabo “abakholelwa eluntwini.”
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isibini esithathwini sabo bavavanyiweyo babenemfundo yabo yaseprayimari enxulumene nenkqubo, mnye kuphela kwabahlanu owagqiba i-internship nabaqeshi bexesha elizayo.
Kwaye akukho ngaphezu kwenqaku lesithathu lokuba uqeqesho lwethiyori kunye nezakhono zeprogram yepraktikhali ezifunyenwe ngexesha lemfundo zaziluncedo kubo.
Njengoko sibona, namhlanje imfundo ephakamileyo ayihambelani ngokwaneleyo neemfuno zemarike yabasebenzi kwi-IT: kuba ininzi ayiboneleli ngethiyori eyaneleyo kunye nokusebenza ukuze bazive bekhululekile kwimisebenzi yabo yobungcali.
Yiyo loo nto namhlanje phantse yonke ingcali ye-IT, ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa, ibandakanyeka ekuzifundiseni: ngoncedo lweencwadi, iividiyo, iiblogi; ababini kwabathathu bathatha izifundo ezongezelelweyo zemfundo yezandla, kwaye uninzi luyazihlawulela; wonke umntu wesibini uya kwiisemina, iintlanganiso, kunye neenkomfa.
Nangona yonke into, imfundo ephakamileyo ye-IT inceda abafaki-zicelo ukuba bafumane umsebenzi kwi-50% yamatyala kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwekhondo kwi-25% yamatyala, imfundo ephakamileyo engeyiyo ye-IT inceda kwi-35% kunye ne-20% yamatyala, ngokulandelanayo.
Xa sibuza umbuzo wokuba ingaba imfundo eyongezelelweyo iyanceda na emsebenzini nakwikhondo lomsebenzi, sayiqulunqa ngolu hlobo: “Ngaba ukuba nesatifikethi kukuncedile ekukhuleni kwakho enkampanini?” Kwaye bafumanise ukuba inceda i-20% ekufumaneni umsebenzi kunye ne-15% kwikhondo lomsebenzi.
Noko ke, kwelinye inqanaba kolu hlolisiso sabuza lo mbuzo ngokwahlukileyo: “Ngaba izifundo ezongezelelekileyo owazithabathayo zikuncede wafumana umsebenzi?” Kwaye sifumene amanani ahluke ngokupheleleyo: I-43% iphendule ngelithi isikolo sincede ngamathuba engqesho ngendlela ethile (ngendlela yamava ayimfuneko emsebenzini, ukuzaliswa kwepotfoliyo okanye ukwazana ngokuthe ngqo nomqeshi).
Njengoko sibona, imfundo ephakamileyo isadlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni imisebenzi ye-IT. Kodwa imfundo eyongezelelweyo sele ikhuphisana nayo enamandla, ide igqithise imfundo ephakamileyo, engeyodwa kwi-IT.
Ngoku makhe sibone indlela umqeshi ayijonga ngayo imfundo ephakamileyo neyongezelelweyo.
Kuvela ukuba ingcali nganye yesibini ye-IT ibandakanyeka ekuhloleni abasebenzi abatsha xa beqeshwa. I-50% yabo inomdla kwimfundo ephakamileyo kwaye i-45% inomdla kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Kwi-10-15% yamatyala, ulwazi malunga nemfundo yomviwa luchaphazela kakhulu isigqibo sokumqesha.
I-60% yeengcali kwiinkampani zabo zinesebe le-HR okanye i-HR ingcali eyahlukileyo: kwiinkampani ezinkulu zabucala kukho phantse rhoqo, kwiinkampani ezincinci zabucala okanye zikarhulumente - kwisiqingatha samatyala.
Iinkampani ezine-HR zinovakalelo kakhulu kwimfundo yabasebenzi bazo. Kwi-45% yamatyala, iinkampani ezinjalo ngokwazo zithatha inyathelo lokufundisa abasebenzi bazo kwaye kuphela kwi-14% yamatyala apho abancedi kwaphela ngemfundo. Iinkampani ezingenawo umsebenzi ozinikeleyo we-HR zibonisa inyathelo kuphela kwi-17% yamatyala, kwaye kwi-30% yamatyala ayincedi nangayiphi na indlela.
Xa bebandakanyeka kwimfundo yabasebenzi, abaqeshi banikela ingqalelo ephantse ilingane kwiifomathi ezinjengemisitho, iikhosi zemfundo kunye neendibano.
2. Kutheni ufumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo?
Ukuba sijonga kuyo yonke into, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo bafumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo: uphuhliso jikelele - 63%, ukuxazulula iingxaki zangoku - 47% kunye nokufumana umsebenzi omtsha - 40%. Kodwa ukuba uqwalasela iinkcukacha, siya kubona umahluko othile ekumiseleni usukelo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimfundo esisiseko onayo.
Phakathi kweengcali ezinemfundo esisiseko enxulumene ne-IT, malunga ne-70% bafumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo yophuhliso jikelele, i-30% ifumane umsebenzi omtsha, i-15% yokutshintsha intsimi yabo yomsebenzi.
Kwaye phakathi kweengcali ezinemfundo engeyiyo ye-IT, i-50% yezophuhliso jikelele, i-50% yeyokufumana umsebenzi omtsha, i-30% yeyokutshintsha indawo yabo yomsebenzi.
Kwakhona kukho ukungafani kwingqiqo yokufumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo, kuxhomekeke kwintsimi yangoku yomsebenzi wengcali.
Ngoncedo lwemfundo eyongezelelweyo, iingxaki ezikhoyo zixazululwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabanye (50-66%) ekulawuleni nasekuthengiseni, kunye nakwi-HR, ulawulo, uvavanyo kunye nenkxaso.
Bafumana umsebenzi omtsha kaninzi kunabanye (50-67%) kumxholo, isiphelo sangaphambili kunye nophuhliso lweselula.
Ngenxa yomdla jikelele, abantu abaninzi (46-48%) bathatha izifundo kuphuhliso lweselula kunye nomdlalo.
Ukufumana ukunyuselwa emsebenzini, abaninzi abantu (30-36%) bathatha izifundo zokuthengisa, ulawulo kunye ne-HR.
Uninzi lwazo zonke (29-31%) iingcali ngaphambili, uphuhliso lomdlalo kunye nophando lwentengiso ukutshintsha icandelo labo lomsebenzi.
3. Ziziphi iinkalo abafumana kuzo imfundo eyongezelelekileyo?
Kusengqiqweni ukuba iingcali ezininzi ziqeqeshe imfundo eyongezelelweyo kubungcali bazo obukhoyo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi baqhelisela imfundo eyongezelelweyo kungekuphela nje kwindawo abasebenza kuyo ngoku.
Ke, ukuba sithelekisa inani leengcaphephe kwinkalo nganye kunye nenani labo baqhelisela imfundo kulo mmandla, siya kubona ukuba aba bamva baninzi ngokuphindwe kaninzi kuneyangaphambili.
Ngoko, umzekelo, ukuba i-24% yabaphenduli babengabaphuhlisi be-backend, ngoko i-53% yabaphenduli babandakanyeka kwimfundo ye-backend. Kumsebenzi ngamnye ongemva osebenza kwizakhono zabo ezizodwa, kukho abantu abayi-1.2 abafunde i-backend kodwa ngoku basebenza kubuchule obahlukileyo.
Kunika umdla ukubona ukuba inkalo yemfundo nganye ifunwa ngokubanzi nanzulu kangakanani na ziingcali ezisuka kwamanye amacandelo.
Ezona zidumileyo, ngokwalo mqondo, zi-backend kunye nophuhliso lwangaphambili: i-20% okanye ngaphezulu kweengcali ezivela kwezinye iindawo ezili-9 ziqaphele ukuba zifunde kwezi zakhono (ezichazwe luhlaza, tyheli kunye nobomvu). Ulawulo luza kwindawo yesibini-kwakukho isabelo esibalulekileyo seengcaphephe ezisuka kwezinye iindawo ezi-6. Ulawulo lukwindawo yesithathu - iingcali ezivela kwezinye iindawo ezi-5 ziye zaqatshelwa apha.
Ubungcali obungathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinye iindawo zemisebenzi yi-HR kunye nenkxaso. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mimandla apho i-20% okanye ngaphezulu yeengcali zinokuqaphela ukuba zifunde kwezi ndawo.
4. Ziziphi iziqinisekiso ezibonelelwa yimfundo eyongezelelweyo?
Lilonke, kwi-60% yeemeko izifundo zemfundo aziboneleli naziphi na iziqinisekiso ezitsha. Oku akumangalisi ukuba sikhumbula ukuba iinjongo eziphambili zokufumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo kuphuhliso jikelele kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezikhoyo.
Emva kwemfundo eyongezelelweyo, elona nani likhulu labafundi abancinci (18%), abaqeqeshwayo (10%) nabaphakathi (7%) bayavela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sijonga ngakumbi, siya kubona umahluko omkhulu kakhulu ekufumaneni iziqinisekiso ezitsha, ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkalo zomsebenzi weengcali ze-IT.
Emva kwezifundo, uninzi lwabancinci bavela ngaphambili kunye nophuhliso lweselula (33%), kunye novavanyo, ukuthengisa kunye nophuhliso lwemidlalo (20-25%).
Elona nani likhulu labafundi abasafundayo bakwintengiso (27%) nabaphambili (17%).
Uninzi lwabaphakathi bakuphuhliso oluhambahambayo (11%) kunye nolawulo (11%).
Ezona zikhokhelo kuyilo (10%) kunye neHR (10%).
Uninzi lwabaphathi abaphezulu bakwintengiso (13%) nabalawuli (6%).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba abantu abadala - kumanani amaninzi okanye ngaphantsi aqaphelekayo - abaqeqeshwanga kwiikhosi zemfundo kuzo naziphi na iingcali.
5. Okuncinci malunga nezikolo zemfundo eyongezelelweyo
Abangaphezu kwesiqingatha bathathe izifundo kwizikolo ezingaphezu kwesinye. Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokukhetha izifundo yikharityhulam (i-74% iqaphele le khrayitheriya) kunye nendlela yoqeqesho (54%).
Njengoko sibonile ngasentla, i-65% yabo bathatha izifundo zemfundo eyongezelelweyo bazihlawulela kanye kanye. Isibini esithathwini sabo bathatha izifundo ezihlawulelwayo kunye nesinye kwisithathu sabo bathatha izifundo zasimahla bafumana isatifikethi sokugqiba eso sifundo. Uninzi lukholelwa ukuba eyona nto iphambili kwisatifikethi esinjalo kukuba samkelwa ngumqeshi.
Nangona uninzi luphawula ukuba isikolo semfundo eyongezelelweyo asizange sibancede nangayiphi na indlela ekufumaneni umsebenzi, i-23% yabo bathatha izifundo zasimahla kunye ne-32% yabo bathatha izifundo ezihlawulelwayo baqaphela ukuba isikolo sibonelela ngamava abawadingayo emsebenzini. . Isikolo sikwabonelela nethuba lokongeza iiprojekthi kwipotfoliyo yakho okanye siqeshe ngqo abafundi abaphumeleleyo.
Kwicandelo lesibini lesifundo sethu, siya kujonga ngononophelo kuzo zonke izikolo ezikhoyo ngoku zemfundo eyongezelelweyo kwi-IT, sibone ukuba yeyiphi kubo engcono kunabanye ekuncedeni abaphumeleleyo kwingqesho kunye nemisebenzi, kunye nokwakha ukureyitha kwabo.
PS Othathe inxaxheba kuphando
Bamalunga nama-3700 abantu abathathe inxaxheba kolu vavanyo:
- I-87% yamadoda, i-13% yabasetyhini, i-avareji yobudala be-27 iminyaka, isiqingatha sabaphenduli abaneminyaka engama-23 ukuya kwe-30.
- 26% ukusuka eMoscow, 13% ukusuka St. Petersburg, 20% ukusuka kwizixeko ezinabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, 29% ukusuka kwezinye izixeko Russian.
- I-67% ngabaphuhlisi, i-8% ngabalawuli benkqubo, i-5% ngabavavanyi, i-4% ngabaphathi, i-4% ngabahlalutyi, i-3% ngabayili.
- I-35% yeengcali ezikumgangatho ophakathi (phakathi), i-17% yeengcali zabancinci (abancinci), i-17% yeengcali eziphezulu (eziphezulu), i-12% yeengcali eziphambili (ezikhokelayo), i-7% yabafundi, isi-4% kumntu ngamnye oqeqeshwayo, abaphathi abaphakathi kunye nabaphathi abakhulu.
- Ama-42% asebenza kwinkampani yabucala encinci, i-34% kwinkampani yabucala enkulu, i-6% kwinkampani karhulumente, i-6% ngabantu abasebenza ngokuzimeleyo, i-2% inamashishini abo, i-10% ayisebenzi okwexeshana.
umthombo: www.habr.com