"Iinkqubo ezizimeleyo eziphathwayo ziya kunyamalala kwiminyaka emihlanu," "Sijongene nemfazwe ebandayo phakathi kwe-ecosystem ye-tech giants" -xa ubhala malunga ne-ecosystems, kunzima ukukhetha enye kuphela kwiingcaphuno ezininzi ezikhuthazayo, ezisongela isiqingatha. Namhlanje, phantse zonke iinkokeli zezimvo ziyavuma ukuba i-ecosystems yindlela yexesha elizayo, imodeli entsha yokunxibelelana nabathengi, ethatha indawo ngokukhawuleza "ishishini - isicelo esikhethekileyo - umxhasi". Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, njengoko kusenzeka rhoqo ngeengcinga ezincinci nezidumileyo, akukabikho mvisiswano malunga nokuba yintoni kanye ekufuneka iqondwe yi-ecosystem.
Xa uqala ukuphonononga imithombo, ngokukhawuleza kuyacaca: nakwintsimi yeengcali ze-IT, kukho iingcamango ezahlukileyo kwaye eziphikisana kakhulu malunga nokubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo. Sifunde esi sihloko ngokweenkcukacha ngenxa yemfuneko-ixesha elidlulileyo inkampani yethu yaqala ukuphuhla kwicala lonxibelelwano olukhulu kunye nokugubungela imarike ngokubanzi. Ukwakha isicwangciso sethu sexesha elide, bekufuneka sidibanise kwaye sicwangcise into ethethwayo malunga ne-ecosystems, sichonge kwaye sivavanye iikhonsepthi eziphambili, kwaye siqonde ukuba indlela ijongeka njani kwiinkampani zetekhnoloji ezikumgangatho ophakathi kule modeli intsha. Ngezantsi sabelana ngeziphumo zalo msebenzi kunye nezigqibo esizenzele zona.
Inkcazo jikelele ye-ecosystem idla ngokuhamba ngolu hlobo: iseti yeemveliso ezidityaniswe kwinqanaba lobuchwepheshe ukubonelela ngeenzuzo ezongezelelweyo kumsebenzisi. Iseta iiparamitha ezintathu ze-ecosystem, ethi, kumava ethu, akukho mntu uphikisanayo:
- Ubukho beenkonzo ezininzi ekubunjweni kwayo
- Ubukho benani elithile lokudibanisa phakathi kwabo
- Impembelelo eluncedo kumava omsebenzisi
Ngaphaya kolu luhlu, ukungavisisani kunye nokungqubana kwesigama kuyaqala. Zingaphi iinkampani ekufuneka zibandakanyeke ekwakheni inkqubo yendalo? Ngaba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bayo bayalingana? Zeziphi iingenelo abanokubonelela umxhasi? Iphuhla njani inkqubo yemvelaphi nokwandiswa kwayo? Ngokusekwe kule mibuzo, sichonge ezethu iikhonsepthi ezine ezimele imifuziselo eyahluke ngokupheleleyo yokudala “uqhagamshelwano” phakathi kweqela leemveliso ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ecosystem. Masijonge (kwaye sizobe) nganye kuzo.
Imodeli ye-insularity
Xa ukukhawuleziswa kwenguqu yeshishini ledijithali kwakusanda kuqala, sasihlala sifumana umbono wenkqubo yangaphakathi, evaliweyo ye-ecosystem yeshishini ngalinye. Xa iinkonzo zidluliselwa kwindawo ebonakalayo, kuba lula ukudibanisa kunye nokwakha indawo enomqobo apho kulula ukuba umsebenzisi asebenze. Awudingi ukujonga kude kwimizekelo: Inkqubo ye-Apple ibonisa lo mgaqo wokufikeleleka ngokubanzi ngokucacileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Lonke ulwazi malunga nomxhasi, ukusuka kwidatha yokuqinisekisa ukuya kwimbali yomsebenzi, apho ukhetho lunokubalwa khona, luyafumaneka kwikhonkco nganye kwinethiwekhi. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkonzo ezibonelelwayo zahluke kakhulu kwaye zilungiselelwe iimfuno zabasebenzisi kangangokuba imfuno yokutsala iimveliso zeqela lesithathu ezinokuphazamisa le ntsebenziswano ifanelekileyo ayisoloko ivela.
Ngoku sityekele ekuthatheni ingqalelo imbono enjalo ephelelwe lixesha (ngendlela, ibonakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo). Ucebisa ukwenza izinto ezifanelekileyo - ukuphelisa amanyathelo angeyomfuneko kwiinkqubo, ukwenza uninzi lwedatha yomsebenzisi - kodwa kwinyani yangoku akusanele. Iinkampani ezincinci kakhulu kune-Apple azikwazi ukufikelela kwisicwangciso sokuzihlukanisa ngokupheleleyo, okanye ubuncinci zilindele ukuba ziya kubanika inzuzo yokukhuphisana kwimarike. Namhlanje, i-ecosystem epheleleyo kufuneka yakhelwe kubudlelwane bangaphandle.
Imodeli yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi
Ke, sifuna unxibelelwano lwangaphandle, kunye noninzi. Indlela yokuqokelela inani elinjalo lobambiswano? Abaninzi baya kuphendula: sifuna iziko elinamandla apho iinkampani zesatellite ziya kuhlanganisana. Kwaye oku kunengqiqo: ukuba kukho inyathelo kwinqanaba lomdlali omkhulu, akunzima ukwakha inethiwekhi yobambiswano. Kodwa umphumo wesicwangciso esinjalo sisakhiwo esinefom ethile kunye ne-dynamics yangaphakathi.
Namhlanje sonke sivile malunga namaqonga e-monster abonakala ekwazi ukwenza yonke into - amele isiphumo esinengqiqo sophuhliso ngokomzekelo wehlabathi jikelele. Ngokuqokelela iinkampani ezincinci phantsi koxhaso lwayo, inkampani enkulu ngokuthe ngcembe ikhulisa impembelelo yayo kwaye ibe “bubuso” kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, ngelixa ezinye iibrendi zilahlekile emthunzini walo. Kwanele ukukhumbula usetyenziso lwaseTshayina lwe-We-Chat, oludibanisa amashishini amaninzi asuka kwezona ndawo zihlukeneyo phantsi kojongano olunye, evumela umsebenzisi ukuba afowunele iteksi, aodole ukutya, enze idinga kwindawo yokwenza iinwele kwaye athenge iyeza ngexesha elinye.
Kulo mzekelo kulula ukufumana umgaqo jikelele: xa ukuthandwa kweqonga eliphakathi lifikelela kwinqanaba elithile, intsebenziswano kunye nayo iba yinto enyanzelekileyo kumashishini amancinci naphakathi - akukho ngqiqweni ukufumana abaphulaphuli abafanayo kwenye indawo, kwaye ukuyisusa kwisicelo esilawula ngokucacileyo imarike, nangaphantsi kwenyani. Akumangalisi ukuba ithemba lophuhliso usebenzisa imodeli enjalo ihlala ibangela ukwesaba kunye nokugatywa phakathi kwabaphuhlisi abazimeleyo kunye nee-studio ezincinci. Apha phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba uthathe indawo esebenzayo kwaye usebenze ngokuthe ngqo nabaphulaphuli, kwaye amathuba anokubakho emali abonakala engaqondakali.
Ngaba amaqonga amakhulu anjalo aya kuvela kwaye aphuhlise? Okunokwenzeka kakhulu, ewe, nangona ingekho ngokwesayizi eyoyikekayo (ukuze ubambe isabelo esibaluleke kangako semarike, ubuncinci izinto eziyimfuneko ziyafuneka kulwakhiwo lwayo). Kodwa ukunciphisa ukuqonda kwakho nge-ecosystems kubo nje, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela enye indlela engafanelekanga, yindlela engathandekiyo yokujonga izinto.
Imodeli yobungcali
Oku mhlawumbi yeyona nto iphikisanayo kuzo zonke iintlobo esizichongileyo. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwimodeli yentsebenziswano, kodwa, ngokoluvo lwethu, inomahluko obalulekileyo oliqela. Imodeli yobungcali ikwayilelwe amashishini amancinci naphakathi; ikwakhuthaza ukuba ingathintelwa kwizixhobo zomntu, kodwa ukuxhamla kwiiprojekthi zamahlakani, kodwa ithatha indlela elinganiselweyo kwaye engaguquguqukiyo kakhulu ekukhetheni kwabo.
Singakwazi ukuthetha ngesi sikimu xa inkampani idibanisa isisombululo esenziwe eselenziwe ngumntu wesithathu esivumela ukuba imveliso isebenze bhetele, ngokukodwa kwimbono yobugcisa. Rhoqo ezi zigqibo zinxulumene nokhuseleko okanye imiba yogcino lwedatha. Abona bathunywa balula banokubandakanywa apha ngokulumkisa, kodwa le sele "indawo engwevu" ekudibaneni kunye nentsebenziswano - ukudibanisa kunye neenkqubo eziphuhlisiwe ezifana neTrello okanye i-Slack sele inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengekhonkco kwi-ecosystem epheleleyo. Esi sikimu siyibiza ngokuba yimodeli yobungcali, kuba inkampani eneneni inikezela ngokuzalisa izikhewu ezithile ekusebenzeni kwemveliso kumntu wesithathu.
Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, oku kuhambelana nengcaciso yethu yantlandlolo ye-ecosystem: ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo lweenkonzo ezininzi eziphucula ubomi kubasebenzisi (kuya kuba kubi ngakumbi ukuba babeke idatha yabo emngciphekweni okanye abakwazanga ukuqhagamshelana nenkampani kwi-intanethi). Kodwa olu hlobo lwentsebenziswano alutyebisi ngokwaneleyo amava omsebenzisi: ukusuka kumbono womxhasi, ukusebenzisana kuqhutyelwa ngenkonzo enye (nokuba ngaba abancedisi abaninzi "batyalwe" kuyo) kwaye bayanelisa enye imfuno, nangona kunjalo ngokufanelekileyo. Ke, njengemodeli ye-insularity, imodeli yobungcali ibonelela, ngokubanzi, umbono onengqiqo wokukhupha izinto zemveliso nganye, kodwa uyasilela kumbono wokwakha i-ecosystems ngokwazo.
Imodeli yentsebenziswano
Masithi umphuhlisi wesicelo sokulandelela iindleko zemoto ungene kwisivumelwano kunye nebhanki ukudibanisa i-database kunye nezibonelelo zemali mboleko. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, la ngamava aqhelekileyo entsebenziswano. Abasebenzisi baziva bengcono malunga noku: ngoku, ngelixa besebenza kumsebenzi omnye (uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali), banokugubungela ngokukhawuleza enye, imfuno ehambelana nomxholo (ukukhangela imali eyongezelelweyo). Emva koko umphuhlisi ofanayo udibanise enye inkonzo yomntu wesithathu kwisicelo sokwazisa abanikazi beemoto malunga namaxabiso kunye nokukhushulwa kweenkonzo abazidingayo kwisikhululo senkonzo. Kwangaxeshanye, iqabane lakhe, umnini weziko lenkonzo yeemoto, waqalisa ukusebenzisana nomthengisi weemoto. Ukuba ujonga yonke le seti yonxibelelwano kunye, inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yeenkonzo "ezidibeneyo" iqala ukuvela, kanye apho umntu unokusombulula ezininzi iingxaki ezivela kwinkqubo yokuthenga nokulungisa imoto - ngamanye amazwi, i-ikhosistim encinci enesakhono esihle.
Ngokungafaniyo nemodeli ye-globalization, apho i-centripetal force isebenza - umqhubi onempembelelo odibanisa abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kunye nenkqubo ngokwayo, imodeli yentsebenziswano iquka amatyathanga anzima okubambisana phakathi kwamaqabane. Kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, amakhonkco alingana ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye inani leekhonkco ngalinye lixhomekeke kuphela kumsebenzi weqela kunye neenkcukacha zenkonzo. Siye sagqiba kwelokuba kukule ndlela apho ingqikelelo ye-ecosystem ifumana eyona nkcazelo ipheleleyo nesempilweni.
Yintoni eyenza intsebenziswano ecosystems yahluke?
- Ziyindibaniselwano yeentlobo ezininzi zeenkonzo. Kule meko, iinkonzo zinokuba zezoshishino olufanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-ecosystem enemiqathango idibanisa amaqabane anikezela ngeenkonzo ezifanayo, ngoko kuyavakala ukuthetha malunga neqonga le-aggregator.
- Banenkqubo enzima yokudibanisa. Ubukho bekhonkco eliphakathi, elidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngumqhubi we-ecosystem, kunokwenzeka, kodwa ukuba abanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo bahlukaniswe omnye komnye, ngokombono wethu, amandla enkqubo ayenzekanga ngokufanelekileyo. Okukhona kukho unxibelelwano, kokukhona amanqaku okukhula erekhodwa kwaye atyhilwa.
- Banika isiphumo se-synergistic, oko kukuthi, imeko kanye xa yonke ijika ibe nkulu kunesixa samalungu ayo. Abasebenzisi bafumana ithuba lokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ngexesha elinye okanye bagqume iimfuno ezininzi ngenqaku elinye lokungena. Kufuneka igxininiswe into yokuba ezona nkqubo zendalo ziphumeleleyo ziyasebenza kwaye zibhetyebhetye: azibekeli nje ukhetho kwindawo ecacileyo nethemba lomdla, kodwa zitsalela ingqalelo kuzo xa zifuneka.
- Bona (njengoko kulandelayo kumhlathi odlulileyo) bavuselela ukutshintshiselana okuzuzisayo kwedatha yomsebenzisi, evumela ukuba amaqela omabini aqonde ngokufihlakeleyo ukuba umxhasi ufuna ntoni nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye yintoni enengqiqo ukumnika.
- Balula kakhulu ukuphunyezwa kobugcisa bazo naziphi na iinkqubo ezidibeneyo: izaphulelo zomntu kunye nemimiselo ekhethekileyo yenkonzo kubasebenzisi "abaqhelekileyo", iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zokunyaniseka.
- Banempembelelo yangaphakathi yokukhula - ubuncinane ukusuka kwinqanaba elithile lophuhliso. Isiseko esiluqilima sedatha yomsebenzisi, abaphulaphuli bebonke kunye namava okudibanisa okuyimpumelelo ngokuhlalutya kwendawo yokuchukumisa zizinto ezikhangayo kwiinkampani ezininzi. Njengoko sibonile kumava ethu, emva kweemeko ezininzi zohlanganiso oluyimpumelelo, umdla ozinzileyo kwi-ecosystem uqala ukuvela. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukhula kunomda - iinkqubo zentsebenziswano ziphuhliswa ngokwasemzimbeni, ngaphandle kokufuna ukulawula imarike okanye "ukutyumza" amashishini ngamanye.
Ngokucacileyo, kweli nqanaba akunakwenzeka ukuqikelela nge-100% ngokuchanekileyo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-ecosystem oluya kuba lufunwa kakhulu. Kuhlala kukho ithuba lokuba zonke iintlobo ziya kuqhubeka zihlalisana ngaxeshanye, ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo empumelelo, okanye ezinye, iimodeli ezintsha ezisilindeleyo.
Kodwa ke, ngokoluvo lwethu, imodeli yentsebenziswano isondele ekuchazeni isiseko se-ecosystem yendalo, apho “inxalenye nganye yayo yandisa amathuba okuphila ngenxa yonxibelelwano nayo yonke i-ecosystem kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukuba nokwenzeka ukusinda kwe-ecosystem kuyanda ngokwanda kwenani lezinto eziphilayo ezinxulumene nazo” yaye, ngenxa yoko, kunethuba elihle lokuphumelela.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ingcamango ebonisiweyo ngumbono wethu kuphela wemeko yangoku. Siya kuvuya ukuva izimvo zabafundi kunye nezibikezelo zesi sihloko kwizimvo.
Umthombo: www.habr.com