NgoFebruwari 2019, iYandex yasungula iWorkshop, inkonzo yoqeqesho lwe-intanethi lwabaphuhlisi bexesha elizayo, abahlalutyi kunye nezinye iingcali ze-IT. Ukugqiba ukuba zeziphi izifundo ekufuneka uzithathe kuqala, oogxa bethu bafunde imakethi kunye nenkonzo yohlalutyo ye-HeadHunter. Sithathe idatha abayisebenzisayo - iinkcazo ezingaphezu kwe-300 amawaka ezithuba ze-IT kwizigidi-kunye nezixeko ukusuka kwi-2016 ukuya kwi-2018 - kwaye ulungiselele umboniso wemarike ngokubanzi.
Indlela imfuno yeengcali kwiiprofayili ezahlukeneyo zitshintsha ngayo, zeziphi izakhono abafanele babe nazo kwindawo yokuqala, apho iindawo isabelo sezithuba zabaqalayo siphezulu, yintoni umvuzo abanokuyilindela - konke oku kunokufunyanwa kuhlaziyo. Kufuneka kube luncedo kwabo bafuna ukwenza umsebenzi kwintsimi ye-IT.
Imarike iyonke
Imfuno yeengcali ze-IT iyakhula; kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, isabelo seentengiso zemisebenzi kubo kuzo zonke izibhengezo kwi-HeadHunter inyuke nge-5,5%. Isabelo sezikhundla ezivulekileyo zeengcali ezingenawo amava ngo-2018 yayiyi-9% yazo zonke izithuba ze-IT kwimarike; kwiminyaka emibini ikhule malunga nesithathu. Abo balawulayo ukufumana i-foothold kwi-professional, kungakapheli unyaka bafudukela kwiqela elijongene nobuninzi bezithuba zemisebenzi: ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sazo zonke iintengiso kwiimarike zibhekiswe kwiingcali ezinonyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathu yamava.
Ezweni ngokubanzi, umvuzo ophakathi wengcali ye-IT kunyaka odlulileyo wawuyi-RUB 92. Umvuzo wengcali yokuqala yi-ruble ye-000.
Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha samatyala, abaqeshi ababonisi isixa somvuzo. Nangona kunjalo, kuwo onke amacandelo aqwalaselwayo (ngesixeko, amava afunekayo, iingcali) kukho inani elaneleyo lezithuba ezinemivuzo epapashiweyo, esivumela ukuba senze izigqibo malunga nenqanaba lemivuzo kwiimarike ngokubanzi.
Iimpawu zengingqi
Inani elikhulu lezithuba ze-IT, ngokuqinisekileyo, ziseMoscow naseSt. Ukuba ulinganisa inani lezithuba ze-IT ngobungakanani bemarike yabasebenzi bendawo, eyona "IT" isixeko saseRashiya yiNovosibirsk: kunyaka ophelileyo bekukho malunga ne-2018 yezithuba ezinxulumene ne-IT kwiwaka lezithuba zemisebenzi apha. IMoscow neSt. Petersburg zithabatha indawo yesibini neyesithathu.
Imfuno yeengcali ze-IT ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-Perm: xa kuthelekiswa ne-2016, isabelo sezithuba ze-IT kwiimarike zendawo zanda nge-15%, ukuya kwi-45 ngewaka ngalinye. IMoscow ikwindawo yesibini ngokwezinga lokukhula, kwaye iKrasnodar ikwindawo yesithathu.
Inqanaba lomvuzo kunye nesabelo sezithuba zeengcaphephe zenqanaba lokungena zahluka ngokuphawulekayo kwizixeko ngezixeko. Bahlawula kakhulu eMoscow naseSt. Kwaye ipesenteji yezikhundla ezivulekileyo zabasanda kufika kwiinqununu, ngokuchaseneyo, iphantsi kunaso nasiphi na esinye isixeko se-millionaire.
Imivuzo kunye neemfuno zamava omsebenzi kwizixeko ezikhulu
Sebenza kwiinkampani zangaphandle
Iingcali ze-IT zaseRashiya aziqeshwanga kuphela ngabasekhaya kodwa nakwiinkampani zangaphandle. Umvuzo ophakathi kwiintengiso zezithuba ezinjalo ziphezulu kakhulu - ngaphezu kwama-ruble angama-220. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno zabafaki-zicelo ziphezulu: i-000% yabasanda kufika ithatha kuphela i-3,5% yezithuba ezinjalo, i-24% yezochwephesha ezinonyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathu yamava, kwaye uninzi lwezibonelelo zibhekiswa kubasebenzi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemine yamava.
Izimo zokusebenza
Umsebenzi womdwelisi wenkqubo kwisixeko esikhulu saseRashiya uhlala usekwe kwiofisi kwaye uhlala rhoqo. Ubukhulu becala, iinkampani zikhangela abasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo - kwiveki eqhelekileyo yeentsuku ezintlanu okanye ishedyuli yeshifti eneentsuku eziqhelekileyo. Umsebenzi oguquguqukayo wanikezelwa kuphela kwi-8,5% yezibhengezo ezipapashwe kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ngelixa umsebenzi okude wanikezelwa kwi-9%.
Abasebenzi abakude badla ngokukhangela abasebenzi abanamava ngakumbi: ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezithuba ezinjalo zezengcali ezineminyaka emine yamava. Isabelo sezithuba zabaqalayo siphantse siphindwe kabini ngaphantsi kwe-IT iyonke: ngaphantsi kwe-5%.
Ezikhethekileyo
Kukho izinto ezikhethekileyo kwimarike ye-IT. Kolu phononongo, sichonge ezona zilishumi elinesihlanu zifunwa kakhulu kwaye safunda ngazo kuphela. Xa siqulunqa phezulu, sasikhokelwa zizihloko zentengiso, oko kukuthi, indlela abaqeshi ngokwabo abaqulunqa ngayo abo bafunayo. Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, oku akuzona iingcali eziphezulu, kodwa amagama aphezulu ezikhundla ezivulekileyo.
Ngexesha lokufunda, imfuno yeengcali ze-IT ngokubanzi iye yanda, kodwa oku akuyonyani kuzo zonke iingcali. Ngokomzekelo, nangona abaphuhlisi beJava kunye ne-PHP bahlala phakathi kwezona zifunwa kakhulu kwimarike, imfuno yabo yehle nge-21% kunye ne-13%, ngokulandelanayo, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo. Isabelo seentengiso zokuqesha abaphuhlisi be-iOS sehle nge-17%, isabelo sezithuba zemisebenzi kubaphuhlisi be-Android sancipha, kodwa hayi kakhulu, ngaphantsi kwe-3%.
Ngokuchasene noko, imfuno yezinye iingcali iyakhula. Ngaloo ndlela, imfuno ye-DevOps inyuke nge-2016% xa kuthelekiswa ne-70. Isabelo sezithuba zabaphuhlisi be-full-stack siphindwe kabini, kunye neengcali zesayensi yedatha - ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini. Enyanisweni, ngokwenani lezithuba, ezi zakhono zithatha iindawo zokugqibela kwi-15 ephezulu.
Uphuhliso lwangaphambili luvelele kwimvelaphi jikelele: kukho izithuba ezininzi kwezi ngcali kunaye nabani na ongomnye kwi-IT, kwaye imfuno yabo iyanda kuphela - kwiminyaka emibini ikhule nge-19,5%.
Imivuzo kunye neemfuno zamava omsebenzi kwiingcali ezahlukeneyo
Iingcali ze-Novice ziqeshwe ngokuzithandela kwisayensi yedatha (uhlalutyo lwedatha okanye ukufundwa komatshini): isabelo sezithuba zabaviwa abangaphantsi konyaka wamava omsebenzi apha ikota ephezulu kunemarike ngokubanzi. Okulandelayo kuza uphuhliso lwe-PHP kunye novavanyo. Esona sabelo sisezantsi sezithuba (ngaphantsi kwe-5%) sesabasaqalayo kuphuhliso olupheleleyo kunye ne-1C.
Elona nqanaba liphezulu lomvuzo onikezelweyo ngo-2018 yayiyeyabaphuhlisi beJava kunye ne-Android; kuzo zombini iingcali i-median yayingaphezulu kwe-ruble ye-130. Okulandelayo kuza iinjineli zeDevOps kunye nabaphuhlisi be-iOS abane-median ngaphezulu kwe-RUB 000. Phakathi kweengcali ze-novice, abaphuhlisi be-iOS banokuthembela kumvuzo omkhulu: kwisiqingatha seentengiso bathenjiswe ngaphezu kwama-ruble angama-120. Kwindawo yesibini ziingcali ze-C ++ (RUB 000), kwaye kwindawo yesithathu ngabaphuhlisi abagcweleyo (RUB 69).
Phakathi kwezakhono abaqeshi badla ngokuzidwelisa njengezona zibalulekileyo, eyona ibone ukukhula kwemfuno enkulu kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo bubuchule kwithala leencwadi le-React. Kukho ukwanda okubonakalayo komdla kwiingcali ezinokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zokubuyela emva - i-Node.js, i-Spring kunye ne-Django. Kwiilwimi zokucwangcisa, iPython iphuculwe kakhulu - yaqala ukukhankanywa phakathi kwezakhono eziphambili amaxesha anesiqingatha rhoqo.
Ukufumana umfanekiso wommeli womsebenzi ngamnye, siye safunda iinkcazo zemisebenzi saza sachonga uludwe lwezakhono abaqeshi abadla ngokuzibhala njengezitshixo. Ukongeza kwezona zisetyenziswa rhoqo, sichonge izakhono apho imfuno iqale ukukhula ngokubonakalayo kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Umfanekiso wekhusi ongezantsi ubonisa isiphumo somfanekiso womphuhlisi wesiphelo sangaphambili. Obunye ubuchwephesha bunokujongwa apha .
umthombo: www.habr.com