Indlela yokufunda izifundo ezahlukahlukeneyo “usebenzisa amakhadi,” ekwabizwa ngokuba yiLeitner system, ibisaziwa kangangeminyaka engama-40. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amakhadi ahlala esetyenziselwa ukuzalisa isigama, ukufunda iifomula, iinkcazo okanye imihla, indlela ngokwayo ayiyona nje enye indlela "ye-cramming", kodwa isixhobo sokuxhasa inkqubo yemfundo. Igcina ixesha elifunekayo ukunkqaya izixa ezikhulu zolwazi.
Ifoto: /unsplash.com
Ngosuku emva kwentetho kumfundi imizuzu nje elishumi ukwenza impinda yoko ukufundileyo. Ngeveki, kuya kuthatha imizuzu emihlanu. Ngenyanga, imizuzu embalwa iya kuba yanele ukuba ingqondo yakhe "iphendule": "Ewe, ewe, ndikhumbula yonke into." Uphononongo olwenziwe kwiYunivesithi yaseAlberta impembelelo entle yendlela yokwenza oonotsheluza-Plus kumabakala abafundi.
Kodwa inkqubo yeLeitner ayinakusetyenziswa kuphela ezikolweni nakwiiyunivesithi. CD Baby umseki Derek Sievers Ukufunda ikhadi lekhadi yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuxhasa uphuhliso lwezakhono zomphuhlisi. Ngoncedo lwayo, wakwazi kakuhle iHTML, CSS kunye neJavaScript.
Iqhawe lomnye umzekelo nguRoger Craig ngo-2010 kumboniso womdlalo weJeopardy! kwaye wafumana ama-77 amawaka eedola kwibhaso lemali.
Kufundo lwe-intanethi, inkqubo isetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo: phantse akukho nkonzo zemfundo apho amakhadi angafakwanga. Inkqubo isetyenziselwa ukufunda phantse zonke izifundo ezisisiseko, kwaye uninzi lwezicelo ezikhethekileyo sele ziphuhliselwe yona - zombini idesktop kunye neselula. Eyokuqala kubo, iSuperMemo, yaphuhliswa nguPiotr Wozniak ngo-1985.
Okokuqala, wazama ukuphucula inkqubo yemfundo ngokwakhe - ngokunxulumene ukufunda IsiNgesi. Indlela izise iziphumo, kwaye isoftware iye yaphumelela kakhulu, kwaye iyahlaziywa nangoku. Ewe kunjalo, kukho ezinye, izicelo ezidumileyo ezifana и , esebenzisa imigaqo efanayo kwiSuperMemo.
Iimfuno zokubonakala kwendlela
Omnye woovulindlela bovavanyo lwengqondo, uHermann Ebbinghaus, efunda imithetho yenkumbulo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, wachaza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-dynamics yokulibala. Kamva izazinzulu ngaphezu kwesinye imifuniselo yakhe, ukuhlola "", kwaye wafumanisa ukuba iyatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zezinto ezifundwayo. Ngaloo ndlela, iintetho okanye imibongo, ekubeni zizixhobo ezinentsingiselo, zazikhunjulwa ngcono. Ukongezelela, umgangatho wokufunda wawuphenjelelwa yimpawu zomntu ngamnye kunye neemeko zangaphandle - ukukhathala, umgangatho wokulala kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kodwa ngokubanzi, izifundo ziqinisekisile iipateni ezisisiseko zento efunyenwe nguHermann Ebbinghaus.
Ngokusekelwe kuyo, isigqibo esibonakala sicacileyo senziwe: ukuze kugcinwe ulwazi, ukuphindaphinda kwezinto ezifunekayo. Kodwa ukuze yonke le nkqubo isebenze kakuhle, oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngamaxesha athile. Obu buchule bokuphinda-phinda ngamaxesha akhulayo baqala ukuvavanywa kubafundi nguHerbert Spitzer kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa State ngo-1939. Kodwa ijiko le-Ebbinghaus kunye nobuchule bokuphinda-phinda bezithuba bebuya kuhlala buqwalaselwe nje ukuba bekungenjalo ngoRobert Bjork kunye noSebastian Leitner. Kwiminyaka emininzi, uBjörk wafunda iimpawu zokukhumbula, imisebenzi emininzi ehambelana kakhulu nemibono ye-Ebbinghaus, kwaye uLeitner ucebise indlela yokunkqaya usebenzisa amakhadi kwi-70s.
ntoni lo msebenzi
Kwinkqubo yakudala kaLeitner, echazwe kwincwadi ethi, How to Learn to Learn, ucebisa ukuba kulungiselelwe amakhadi ephepha angamakhulu aliqela. Masithi kukho igama kulwimi lwasemzini kwelinye icala lekhadi, kunye nokutolika kwalo kunye nemizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwelinye. Ukongeza, iibhokisi ezintlanu ziyafuneka. Okokuqala, onke amakhadi ayahamba. Emva kokuwajonga, amakhadi anamagama angaziwayo ahlala kwibhokisi, kwaye amagama asele aqhelekileyo angena kwibhokisi yesibini. Ngosuku olulandelayo kufuneka uqale kwakhona kwibhokisi yokuqala: kuyacaca ukuba amanye amagama aya kukhunjulwa. Le yindlela ibhokisi yesibini ezaliswa ngayo. Ngosuku lwesibini, kufuneka uphonononge zombini. Amakhadi anamagama awaziwayo asuka kwibhokisi yokuqala afuduselwa kweyesibini, ukusuka kweyesibini ukuya kweyesithathu, njalo njalo. "Akwaziwa" ibuyela kwibhokisi yokuqala. Ngoko zontlanu iibhokisi zizaliswa ngokuthe ngcembe.
Emva koko eyona nto ibalulekileyo iqala. Amakhadi asuka kwibhokisi yokuqala ayaphononongwa kwaye ahlelwe yonke imihla. Ukususela kwisibini - zonke iintsuku ezimbini, ukusuka kwisithathu - zonke iintsuku ezine, ukusuka kwisine - zonke iintsuku ezilithoba, ukusuka kweyesihlanu - kanye kwiiveki ezimbini. Into eyayikhunjulwe ishukunyiselwa kwibhokisi elandelayo, into engekhoyo - kweyangaphambili.
Ifoto: / Ilayisensi yePixabay
Kuya kuthatha ubuncinane inyanga ukukhumbula yonke into okanye phantse yonke into. Kodwa iiklasi zemihla ngemihla aziyi kuthatha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seyure. Ngokufanelekileyo, njengaye Björk, kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela kwinkumbulo oko sikufundileyo ngokuchanekileyo xa siqala ukulibala. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, lo mzuzu phantse akunakwenzeka ukulandelela. Ngoko ke, akunakwenzeka ukufumana umphumo we-100%. Nangona kunjalo, usebenzisa indlela kaLeitner, emva kwenyanga unokukhumbula kakhulu ngaphezu kwesihlanu solwazi oluhlala lusenkumbulo ngokuqwalasela kuka-Ebbinghaus.
Enye indlela kukusebenzisa isoftware ekhethekileyo. Isoftware enjalo inomahluko amabini ukusuka kwindlela "yephepha". Okokuqala, phantse zonke zineenguqulelo ezihambayo, okuthetha ukuba unokufunda usendleleni eya emsebenzini okanye esikolweni. Okwesibini, uninzi lwezicelo zikuvumela ukuba usete amathuba exesha elisebenzisekayo lokuphonononga okufundileyo.
Yintoni ekupheleni
Ukuphindaphinda ikhefu ngandlel’ ithile kuyafana nomthambo othe rhoqo, oyimfuneko ekuqeqesheni izihlunu. Ukuphindaphindwa kolwazi olufanayo kukhuthaza ingqondo ukuba iyikhumbule ngokufanelekileyo kwaye igcinwe kwinkumbulo yexesha elide.
Ingqondo ithi: “Owu, ndiyayibona kwakhona. Kodwa kuba oko kwenzeka rhoqo, kufanelekile ukukhumbula. ” Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkqubo kaLeitner ayifanele ithathwe njenge "bullet yesilivere", kodwa kunokuba sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokuxhasa inkqubo yemfundo. Njengazo naziphi na ezinye iindlela zokufundisa, kufuneka zidityaniswe nezinye iindlela.
Ukuqala kwethu:
Ii-habratopics zethu malunga nenkumbulo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo:
umthombo: www.habr.com
