ukhupho olutsha lwesixokelelwano sefayile esinatyisiweyo (I-InterPlanetary File System), eyenza ukugcinwa kwefayile eguqulelwe kwihlabathi jikelele, isetyenziswe ngendlela yenethiwekhi ye-P2P eyenziwe kwiinkqubo zabathathi-nxaxheba. IPFS idibanisa iingcamango eziphunyezwe ngaphambili kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-Git, i-BitTorrent, i-Kademlia, i-SFS kunye ne-Web, kwaye ifana ne-BitTorrent enye "i-swarm" (oontanga abathatha inxaxheba ekusasazeni) ukutshintshisa izinto ze-Git. Ukufikelela kwi-IPFS FS yehlabathi, i-HTTP protocol ingasetyenziswa okanye i-virtual FS /ipfs inokunyuswa kusetyenziswa imodyuli yeFUSE. Ikhowudi yokuphunyezwa kwereferensi ibhalwe kwi-Go kunye phantsi kwe-Apache 2.0 kunye neelayisensi ze-MIT. Ukongeza ukuphunyezwa kweprotocol ye-IPFS kwiJavaScript enokuqhuba kwisikhangeli.
Isitshixo IPFS yidilesi esekelwe kumxholo, apho ikhonkco lokufikelela kwifayile ihambelana ngqo nomxholo wayo (ibandakanya i-cryptographic hash yomxholo). IPFS inenkxaso eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yoguqulelo. Idilesi yefayile ayinakuthiywa igama ngokutsha, inokutshintsha kuphela emva kokutshintsha imixholo. Ngokufanayo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza utshintsho kwifayile ngaphandle kokutshintsha idilesi (inguqulo endala iya kuhlala kwidilesi enye, kwaye entsha iya kufumaneka ngedilesi eyahlukileyo, ekubeni i-hash yeziqulatho zefayile iya kutshintsha). Ukuqwalasela ukuba isibonisi sefayile sitshintsha ngotshintsho ngalunye, ukwenzela ukuba ungadluliseli amakhonkco amatsha rhoqo, iinkonzo zibonelelwa ngokudibanisa iidilesi ezisisigxina ezithathela ingqalelo iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zefayile (), okanye ukwabela isifaniso neFS yemveli kunye neDNS ( (INkqubo yeFayile eMutable) kunye ).
Ngokufaniswa ne-BitTorrent, idatha igcinwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo zabathathi-nxaxheba abatshintshiselana ngolwazi kwimodi ye-P2P, ngaphandle kokubotshwa kwiindawo eziphakathi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufumana ifayile enomxholo othile, inkqubo ifumana abathathi-nxaxheba abanale fayile kwaye bayithumele kwiinkqubo zabo kwiingxenye kwimicu emininzi. Emva kokukhuphela ifayile kwisistim sakhe, umthathi-nxaxheba ngokuzenzekelayo uba yenye yeengongoma zokusasazwa kwayo. Ukumisela abathathi-nxaxheba bothungelwano ukuba ngubani na umxholo womdla okhoyo itafile yehash eyabiweyo ().
Ngokusisiseko, i-IPFS inokujongwa njengokuphindukuzalwa kwakhona kweWebhu, ijongana nomxholo endaweni yendawo kunye namagama angenasizathu. Ukongeza kokugcina iifayile kunye nokutshintshana kwedatha, i-IPFS ingasetyenziselwa njengesiseko sokwenza iinkonzo ezintsha, umzekelo, ukulungiselela ukusebenza kweziza ezingabotshwanga kumaseva, okanye ekudaleni ukusabalalisa. .
I-IPFS inceda ukuxazulula iingxaki ezifana nokuthembeka kokugcinwa (ukuba ukugcinwa koqobo kuhla, ifayile inokukhutshelwa kwezinye iinkqubo zabasebenzisi), ukuchasana nokulawulwa komxholo (ukuthintela kufuna ukuvimba zonke iinkqubo zomsebenzisi ezinekopi yedatha) kunye nokulungelelanisa ukufikelela. ngokungabikho koqhagamshelo oluthe ngqo kwi-Intanethi okanye ukuba umgangatho wejelo lonxibelelwano ulihlwempu (ungakhuphela idatha ngokusebenzisa abathathi-nxaxheba abakufutshane kwinethiwekhi yendawo).
Kwinguqulelo ukwanda kakhulu kwemveliso kunye nokuthembeka. Uthungelwano lukawonke-wonke olusekelwe kwi-IPFS lugqithise uphawu lwe-node eyi-100 kwaye utshintsho kwi-IPFS 0.5 lubonisa ukulungiswa kweprotocol ukuze isebenze kwiimeko ezinjalo. Ukulungiswa bekugxile ekuphuculeni iindlela zomgaqo-nkqubo onoxanduva lokukhangela, ukuthengisa kunye nokubuyisela idatha, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. (DHT), ebonelela ngolwazi malunga neenodi ezinedatha efunekayo. Ikhowudi enxulumene ne-DHT sele iphantse yabhalwa ngokutsha, ikhawulezisa ngokubonakalayo ukujonga umxholo kunye nemisebenzi yenkcazo yerekhodi ye-IPNS.
Ngokukodwa, isantya sokwenza imisebenzi yokongeza idatha inyuke ngamaxesha ama-2, ibhengeza umxholo omtsha kwinethiwekhi ngamaxesha angama-2.5,
ukubuyiswa kwedatha ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwii-5 amaxesha, kunye nokukhangela umxholo ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwii-6 amaxesha.
Iindlela ezihlaziyiweyo zokuhambisa kunye nokuthumela izibhengezo zenze ukuba kube lula ukukhawulezisa inethiwekhi ngamaxesha angama-2-3 ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-bandwidth kunye nokuhanjiswa kwetrafikhi yangasemva. Ukukhutshwa okulandelayo kuya kuzisa uthutho olusekelwe kwi-protocol ye-QUIC, eya kuvumela ukuzuza okukhulu ngakumbi ekusebenzeni ngokunciphisa i-latency.
Umsebenzi we-IPNS (I-Inter-Planetary Name System) inkqubo, esetyenziselwa ukudala izixhumanisi ezisisigxina zokutshintsha umxholo, uye wakhawuleza kwaye wanda ukuthembeka. I-pubsub entsha yezothutho yovavanyo yenza ukuba kube lula ukuhanjiswa kweerekhodi ze-IPNS ngamaxesha angama-30-40 xa kuvavanywa kwinethiwekhi enewaka leenodi (ekhethekileyo yaphuhliswa kwiimvavanyo. ). Imveliso ye-Interlayer sele iphindwe kabini
I-Badger, esetyenziselwa ukusebenzisana nenkqubo yokusebenza yeFS. Ngenkxaso yokubhalwa kwe-asynchronous, i-Badger ngoku i-25 ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kune-flatfs layer. Ukwanda kwemveliso nako kuchaphazele indlela , esetyenziselwa ukudlulisa iifayile phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala.
Phakathi kokuphuculwa kokusebenza, kukhankanywa ukusetyenziswa kwe-TLS ukubethela uxhulumaniso phakathi kwabaxhasi kunye neeseva. Inkxaso entsha ye-subdomains kwisango le-HTTP - abaphuhlisi banokubamba izicelo ezinikezelweyo (i-dapps) kunye nomxholo wewebhu kwii-subdomains ezizimeleyo ezinokusetyenziswa kunye needilesi ze-hash, i-IPNS, i-DNSLink, i-ENS, njl. Indawo entsha yegama /p2p yongezwe, equlethe idatha enxulumene needilesi zoontanga (/ipfs/peer_id β /p2p/peer_id). Inkxaso eyongeziweyo kwi-blockchain-based ".eth" ikhonkco, eya kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-IPFS kwizicelo ezisasazwayo.
IiLebhu zeProtocol yokuqalisa, exhasa uphuhliso lwe-IPFS, ikwaphuhlisa iprojekthi ngaxeshanye. , elulongezelelo kwi-IPFS. Nangona i-IPFS ivumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bagcine, babuze, badlulise idatha phakathi kwabo, iFayilecoin iguqukela njengeqonga elisekelwe kwi-blockchain yokugcina ngokuqhubekayo. I-Filecoin ivumela abasebenzisi abangasetyenziswanga indawo yediski ukuba bayinike inethiwekhi ngentlawulo, kunye nabasebenzisi abafuna indawo yokugcina ukuyithenga. Ukuba imfuno yendawo ilahlekile, umsebenzisi angayithengisa. Ngale ndlela, imarike yendawo yokugcina yenziwe, apho iindawo zokuhlala zenziwe ngamathokheni , eveliswa yimigodi.
umthombo: opennet.ru