Amagama ambalwa malunga "nomlinganiselo wegolide" ngokwengqiqo yendabuko
Kukholelwa ukuba ukuba icandelo lahlulwe libe ngamacandelo ngendlela yokuba inxalenye yalo encinci idityaniswe nenkulu, njengoko inkulu ikwicandelo lonke, ngoko ke ulwahlulo olunjalo lunika umlinganiselo we-1/1,618, apho AmaGrike amandulo, eboleka kumaYiputa amandulo, abizwa ngokuba "ngumlinganiselo wegolide." Kwaye uninzi lwezakhiwo zokwakha - umyinge we-contours yezakhiwo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto zabo eziphambili - ukuqala ngeepiramidi zaseYiputa kunye nokuphela kwezakhiwo zethiyori zeLe Corbusier - zazisekelwe kulo mlinganiso.
Ikwahambelana namanani e-Fibonacci, i-spiral enika umzobo ocacileyo wejometri yalo mlinganiso.
Ngaphezu koko, imilinganiselo yomzimba womntu (ukususela emacaleni ukuya kwinkaba, ukusuka kwinkaba ukuya entloko, ukusuka entloko ukuya kwiminwe yesandla esiphakanyisiweyo), ukususela kumlinganiselo ofanelekileyo owabonwa kumaXesha Aphakathi (indoda yaseVitruvian, njl. .), kwaye iphetha ngemilinganiselo ye-anthropometric yabemi base-USSR, zisasondele kakhulu kulo mlinganiso.
Kwaye ukuba songeza ukuba amanani afanayo afunyenwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji: iigobolondo ze-mollusk, ukucwangciswa kwembewu kwi-sunflower kunye ne-cedar cones, kuyaqondakala ukuba kutheni inani elingenangqondo eliqala ngo-1,618 lavakaliswa "likaThixo" - umkhondo walo unokuba ilandwe nakuhlobo lweminyele etsalela ngakuFibonacci spirals!
Ukuthathela ingqalelo yonke le mizekelo ingentla, sinokucinga:
- sijongene "nedatha enkulu",
- ukuya kuthi ga kuqikelelo lokuqala, babonisa into ethile, ukuba ayiyondawo yonke, ke usasazo olubanzi ngokungaqhelekanga lwe "icandelo legolide" kunye namaxabiso akufutshane nawo.
Kwezoqoqosho
Imizobo yeLorenz yaziwa ngokubanzi kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ukujonga ingeniso yekhaya. Ezi zixhobo ezinamandla ze-macroeconomic ezineenguqu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokulungiswa (i-decile coefficient, i-index ye-Gini) zisetyenziselwa izibalo zokuthelekisa amazwe kunye noqoqosho lwentlalo kunye neempawu zabo kwaye zinokuba sisiseko sokwenza izigqibo ezinkulu zezopolitiko kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwintsimi yerhafu, ukhathalelo lwempilo. , ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso zelizwe kunye nemimandla.
Kwaye nangona kwingeniso eqhelekileyo yemihla ngemihla kunye neendleko zixhunyiwe ngokuqinileyo, kwiGoogle oku akunjalo ... Okumangalisayo kukuba, ndakwazi ukufumana uxhulumaniso phakathi kwemizobo yeLorenz kunye nokuhanjiswa kweendleko ezivela kubabhali ababini baseRashiya (ndiya kuba nombulelo). ukuba umntu uyazi imisebenzi efanayo njengakumacandelo athetha isiRashiya kunye nesiNgesi kwi-Intanethi).
Eyokuqala dissertation ka T. M. Bueva. Le dissertation yanikezelwa, ngakumbi, ekwandiseni iindleko kwiifama zeenkukhu zaseMari.
Omnye umbhali, uV. V. I-Matokhin (izixhumanisi ezihambelanayo ezivela kubabhali ziyafumaneka) usondela kulo mbandela kwinqanaba elikhulu. UMatokhin, i-physicist ngemfundo eprayimari, uthatha inxaxheba kwi-statistical processing data esetyenziselwa ukwenza izigqibo zolawulo, kunye nokuvavanya ukulungelelaniswa nokulawulwa kweenkampani.
Ingcamango kunye nemizekelo enikwe ngezantsi ithathwe kwimisebenzi kaV. Matokhin kunye noogxa bakhe (Matokhin, 1995), (Antoniou et al., 2002), (Kryanev, et al., 1998), (Matokhin et al. 2018) . Ngokumalunga noku, kufuneka kongezwe ukuba iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka ekutolikeni kwemisebenzi yazo ziyipropathi yodwa yombhali wale migca kwaye ayinakubalelwa kwiimibhalo zezifundo zokuqala.
Ukuhambelana okungalindelekanga
Ibonakaliswe kwiigrafu ezingezantsi.
1. Ukuhanjiswa kwezibonelelo zokhuphiswano lwemisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nezobugcisa phantsi kweNkqubo kaRhulumente "i-High-temperature superconductivity". (Matokhin, 1995)
Isazobe.1. Ubungakanani bolwabiwo-mali lonyaka lweeprojekthi kwi-1988-1994.
Iimpawu eziphambili zolwabiwo lonyaka ziboniswa kwiThebhile 3, apho i-SN yimali yonyaka yemali esasazwayo (kwizigidi zeeruble), kwaye i-N inani leeprojekthi ezixhaswa ngemali. Ukuthathela ingqalelo into yokuba kwiminyaka edlulileyo ukubunjwa kobuqu bejaji yokhuphiswano, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokhuphiswano kunye nesikali semali sitshintshile (phambi kohlaziyo lwe-1991 nasemva koko), ukuzinza kwee-curves zangempela ekuhambeni kwexesha kuyamangalisa. Ibha emnyama kwigrafu yenziwe ngamanqaku okulinga.
| 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | ||
| S | 273 | 362 | 432 | 553 | 345 | 353 | 253 | X |
| Sn | 143.1 | 137.6 | 136.9 | 411.2 | 109.4 | 920 | 977 | Y |
Uluhlu loku-3
2. Ijika leendleko ezinxulumene nokuthengiswa kwe-inventri (Kotlyar, 1989)
Umzobo 2
3. Uluhlu lweerhafu zemivuzo yamanqanaba
Njengomzekelo wokwakha umzobo, idatha ithathwe kuxwebhu "iVedomosti: ungakanani umvuzo wonyaka oqhelekileyo kwimeko nganye kufuneka ibe nenqanaba ngalinye" (Suvorov, 2014) ("Inzululwazi yokuphumelela").
|
Irayisi. 3. Umzobo wolungelelwaniso lwemivuzo yonyaka ngokwezikhundla |
4. Ishedyuli yomsebenzi engumndilili womphathi ophakathi waseMelika (Mintzberg, 1973)
Umzobo 4
Iigrafu ezinikezelweyo ezisemgangathweni zibonisa ukuba kukho ipateni ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho abayibonisayo. Xa kujongwe iiyantlukwano ezinkulu kwizinto ezithe ngqo kumsebenzi wezoqoqosho, kwindawo yawo kunye nexesha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukufana kweegrafu kuchazwe yimeko ethile esisiseko yokusebenza kweenkqubo zoqoqosho. Ngaphandle kwamawaka eminyaka emisebenzi yezoqoqosho, esekwe kwinani elikhulu leemvavanyo kunye neempazamo, izifundo zalo msebenzi zifumene isicwangciso esisiso sokwabiwa kwezibonelelo. Kwaye bayisebenzisa ngokubonakalayo kwimisebenzi yabo yangoku. Le ngcinga ihambelana kakuhle nomgaqo owaziwayo wePareto: i-20% yemizamo yethu ivelisa i-80% yeziphumo. Kwenzeka into efanayo ngokucacileyo apha. Iigrafu ezinikeziweyo zibonisa ipateni yobungqina, ethi, ukuba iguqulelwe kwidayagram ye-Lorentz, ichazwe ngokuchaneka okwaneleyo kunye ne-alpha exponent elingana no-2. Ngalo mboniso, umzobo we-Lorenz ujika ube yinxalenye yesangqa.
Sinokulubiza olu phawu, olungekabinalo igama elizinzileyo, ukusinda. Ngokufaniswa nokuhlala endle, ukusinda kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho kugqitywe ngokulungiswa kwayo okuphuhlisiweyo kwiimeko zentlalo noqoqosho kunye nokukwazi ukulungelelanisa utshintsho kwiimeko zemarike.
Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo apho ukuhanjiswa kweendleko kusondele ngokufanelekileyo (kunye ne-alpha exponent elingana ne-2, okanye ukuhanjiswa kweendleko "kujikeleze isangqa") kunethuba elikhulu lokugcinwa kwimo yalo yangoku. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwezinye iimeko usasazo olunjalo lumisela eyona nzuzo inkulu yeshishini. Umzekelo, apha. Ukunciphisa i-coefficient yokutenxa ukusuka kwinto efanelekileyo, iphezulu inzuzo yeshishini (Bueva, 2002).
Itheyibhile (iqhekeza)
| Igama lefama, isithili | Inzuzo (%) | Ukutenxa komlinganiso | |
| 1 | I-State Unitary Enterprise p/f "Volzhskaya" isithili saseVolzhsky | 13,0 | 0,336 |
| 2 | SPK p/f "Gornomariyskaya" | 11,1 | 0,18 |
| 3 | UMSP s-z "Zvenigovsky" | 33,7 | 0,068 |
| 4 | CJSC "Mariyskoe" Medvedevsky wesithili | 7,5 | 0,195 |
| 5 | JSC "Teplichnoye" isithili saseMedvedevsky | 16,3 | 0,107 |
| ... | |||
| 47 | SEC (k-z) "Rassvet" isithili saseSovetsky | 3,2 | 0,303 |
| 48 | NW "Bronevik" isithili saseKilemarsky | 14,2 | 0,117 |
| 49 | SEC Agricultural Academy "Avangard" Morkinsky wesithili | 6,5 | 0,261 |
| 50 | SHA k-z im. Petrov Morkinsky wesithili | 22,5 | 0,135 |
Izigqibo Eziluncedo
Xa ucwangcisa iindleko zazo zombini iinkampani kunye nemizi, kuluncedo ukwakha ijika leLorenz ngokusekwe kuzo kwaye uyithelekise neyona ifanelekileyo. Okukhona umzobo wakho usondela kokulungileyo, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ucwangcisa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye umsebenzi wakho uya kuphumelela. Ukusondela okunjalo kuqinisekisa ukuba izicwangciso zakho zisondele kumava omsebenzi woqoqosho lwabantu, ofakwe kwimithetho evunyiweyo eqhelekileyo njengomgaqo wePareto.
Nangona kunjalo, kunokucingelwa ukuba apha sithetha ngokusebenza kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho evuthiweyo egxile kwinzuzo. Ukuba asithethi malunga nokwandisa inzuzo, kodwa, umzekelo, malunga nomsebenzi wokuphucula inkampani okanye ngokusisiseko ukwandisa isabelo sayo semarike, ijika lakho lokusasaza iindleko liya kuphambuka kwisangqa.
Kucacile ukuba kwimeko yokuqalisa kunye noqoqosho lwayo oluthile, umzobo we-Lorenz, ohambelana nethuba eliphezulu lokuphumelela, uya kuphinda aphambuke kwisangqa. Kunokucingelwa ukuba ukutenxa kwijika yokusasazwa kweendleko kwisangqa kuhambelana nemingcipheko eyongeziweyo kunye nokuncipha kokuguquguquka kwenkampani. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwidatha yeenkcukacha-manani ezinkulu kuqaliso (zombini eziyimpumelelo nezingaphumeleli), uqikelelo olusekelwe kakuhle, olufanelekileyo alunakwenzeka.
Ngokutsho kwenye i-hypothesis, ukutenxa kwijika lokusasazwa kweendleko ukusuka kwisangqa ukuya ngaphandle kunokuba ngumqondiso wezo zombini ulawulo olugqithisileyo lolawulo kunye nomqondiso wokungabikho kwemali okuzayo. Ukuvavanya le ngcamango, isiseko esithile sokubhekisela sikwafuneka, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko yokuqalisa, akunakwenzeka ukuba sibekho kwindawo yoluntu.
Endaweni yesiphelo
Iimpapasho zokuqala ezinkulu kulo mbandela zibuyela kwi-1995 (Matokhin, 1995). Kwaye indalo encinci eyaziwayo yale misebenzi, ngaphandle kwayo yonke indawo kunye nokusetyenziswa okutsha kwemodeli kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngoosoqoqosho, ngandlela ithile iyinto eyimfihlakalo ...
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